草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 203-211.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020490
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
王红林1(), 左艳春1(), 严旭1, 周晓康1, 寇晶1, 杨希智3, 郭俊英2, 蒲军2, 张浩仁2, 杜周和1,2()
收稿日期:
2020-11-03
修回日期:
2020-12-17
出版日期:
2021-10-19
发布日期:
2021-10-19
通讯作者:
杜周和
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: duzhouhe@126.com基金资助:
Hong-lin WANG1(), Yan-chun ZUO1(), Xu YAN1, Xiao-kang ZHOU1, Jing KOU1, Xi-zhi YANG3, Jun-ying GUO2, Jun PU2, Hao-ren ZHANG2, Zhou-he DU1,2()
Received:
2020-11-03
Revised:
2020-12-17
Online:
2021-10-19
Published:
2021-10-19
Contact:
Zhou-he DU
摘要:
本研究以饲料桑新品种‘川饲桑1号’(Morus alba cv. Chuansisang-1)为试验材料,采用二因素随机区组设计连续3年(2016-2018)对不同刈割高度(H1:70 cm,H2:90 cm,H3:110 cm)和施氮量(N1:138 kg N·hm-2,N2:207 kg N·hm-2,N3:276 kg N·hm-2)下的饲草产量、植物学特性及营养品质进行测定,并对其饲用价值进行综合评价,以期为饲料桑的推广利用提供数据支撑。结果表明,随着年限的增加各处理下饲草产量逐年递增,且均以H2N3处理最高。刈割高度与施氮量对饲料桑产量、植物学特性和营养品质均有影响。其中,刈割高度是影响饲料桑植物学特性的主要因素,两者交互作用对饲草产量、单枝重及各营养指标影响显著(P<0.05)。在相同刈割高度下,鲜、干草产量和中性洗涤纤维均以N3处理最高,粗蛋白含量随施氮量的增加先增加后减小。在相同氮肥用量下,H2处理下的大部分饲草产量、主枝叶片数、单株重最大,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量整体随刈割高度的增加而增大。粗蛋白和粗灰分含量整体在H2高度下最高,粗脂肪含量随刈割高度增加呈先升高后降低的趋势。以隶属函数法对‘川饲桑1号’的饲用价值进行综合评价可知,在刈割高度为90 cm、施氮量为276 kg N·hm-2时其饲用价值最高。
王红林, 左艳春, 严旭, 周晓康, 寇晶, 杨希智, 郭俊英, 蒲军, 张浩仁, 杜周和. 刈割高度与施氮量对饲料桑全株产量及营养品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(11): 203-211.
Hong-lin WANG, Yan-chun ZUO, Xu YAN, Xiao-kang ZHOU, Jing KOU, Xi-zhi YANG, Jun-ying GUO, Jun PU, Hao-ren ZHANG, Zhou-he DU. Effect of cutting height and nitrogen fertilizer rate on yield and nutritive value of whole-plant mulberry (Morus alba)[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(11): 203-211.
处理 Treatment | 刈割高度 Cutting height (cm) | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate (kg N·hm-2) |
---|---|---|
H1N1 | 70 | 138 |
H1N2 | 70 | 207 |
H1N3 | 70 | 276 |
H2N1 | 90 | 138 |
H2N2 | 90 | 207 |
H2N3 | 90 | 276 |
H3N1 | 110 | 138 |
H3N2 | 110 | 207 |
H3N3 | 110 | 276 |
表1 刈割高度及施氮量水平设置
Table 1 Cutting height and nitrogen fertilizer rate level
处理 Treatment | 刈割高度 Cutting height (cm) | 施氮量 Nitrogen rate (kg N·hm-2) |
---|---|---|
H1N1 | 70 | 138 |
H1N2 | 70 | 207 |
H1N3 | 70 | 276 |
H2N1 | 90 | 138 |
H2N2 | 90 | 207 |
H2N3 | 90 | 276 |
H3N1 | 110 | 138 |
H3N2 | 110 | 207 |
H3N3 | 110 | 276 |
处理 Treatment | 鲜草产量Fresh yield | 平均值 Average | |
---|---|---|---|
2016 | 2017 | ||
H1N1 | 32.24±0.96c | 48.73±0.89c | 40.49±0.93 |
H1N2 | 35.99±1.37ab | 54.57±1.27b | 45.28±1.32 |
H1N3 | 37.66±2.20ab | 57.36±1.84b | 47.51±2.02 |
H2N1 | 34.71±0.97ab | 55.83±0.73b | 45.27±0.85 |
H2N2 | 36.69±0.95ab | 56.86±2.19b | 46.78±1.57 |
H2N3 | 38.91±1.32a | 65.56±1.01a | 52.24±1.17 |
H3N1 | 29.60±0.30c | 50.98±0.88c | 40.29±0.59 |
H3N2 | 34.91±1.73ab | 56.83±1.45b | 45.87±1.59 |
H3N3 | 36.55±1.71ab | 57.08±2.41b | 46.82±2.06 |
表2 建植期不同处理下饲料桑年全株生物产量
Table 2 Annual whole plant biomass of forage mulberry under different treatments at planting stage (t·hm-2)
处理 Treatment | 鲜草产量Fresh yield | 平均值 Average | |
---|---|---|---|
2016 | 2017 | ||
H1N1 | 32.24±0.96c | 48.73±0.89c | 40.49±0.93 |
H1N2 | 35.99±1.37ab | 54.57±1.27b | 45.28±1.32 |
H1N3 | 37.66±2.20ab | 57.36±1.84b | 47.51±2.02 |
H2N1 | 34.71±0.97ab | 55.83±0.73b | 45.27±0.85 |
H2N2 | 36.69±0.95ab | 56.86±2.19b | 46.78±1.57 |
H2N3 | 38.91±1.32a | 65.56±1.01a | 52.24±1.17 |
H3N1 | 29.60±0.30c | 50.98±0.88c | 40.29±0.59 |
H3N2 | 34.91±1.73ab | 56.83±1.45b | 45.87±1.59 |
H3N3 | 36.55±1.71ab | 57.08±2.41b | 46.82±2.06 |
处理 Treatment | 鲜草产量 Fresh yield | 平均值 Mean | 干草产量 Hay yield | 平均值 Mean |
---|---|---|---|---|
H1N1 | 75.77±0.45cd | 78.05±1.41c | 15.76±0.27d | 15.75±0.28c |
H1N2 | 76.87±0.80cd | 14.80±0.21e | ||
H1N3 | 81.51±1.71b | 16.69±0.41c | ||
H2N1 | 75.09±1.73d | 81.86±0.95a | 15.51±0.23d | 16.75±0.46b |
H2N2 | 78.47±1.16bc | 15.21±0.39d | ||
H2N3 | 92.03±0.86a | 19.52±0.56a | ||
H3N1 | 74.96±0.83d | 78.11±1.84b | 17.97±0.44b | 18.12±0.25a |
H3N2 | 78.75±2.63bc | 18.00±0.32b | ||
H3N3 | 80.63±1.06b | 18.40±0.18b | ||
H | ** | ** | ||
N | ** | ** | ||
H×N | ** | NS |
表3 刈割高度与施氮量对丰产期饲料桑草产量的影响
Table 3 Effects of cutting height and nitrogen application rate on yield of forage mulberry in high yield period (t·hm-2)
处理 Treatment | 鲜草产量 Fresh yield | 平均值 Mean | 干草产量 Hay yield | 平均值 Mean |
---|---|---|---|---|
H1N1 | 75.77±0.45cd | 78.05±1.41c | 15.76±0.27d | 15.75±0.28c |
H1N2 | 76.87±0.80cd | 14.80±0.21e | ||
H1N3 | 81.51±1.71b | 16.69±0.41c | ||
H2N1 | 75.09±1.73d | 81.86±0.95a | 15.51±0.23d | 16.75±0.46b |
H2N2 | 78.47±1.16bc | 15.21±0.39d | ||
H2N3 | 92.03±0.86a | 19.52±0.56a | ||
H3N1 | 74.96±0.83d | 78.11±1.84b | 17.97±0.44b | 18.12±0.25a |
H3N2 | 78.75±2.63bc | 18.00±0.32b | ||
H3N3 | 80.63±1.06b | 18.40±0.18b | ||
H | ** | ** | ||
N | ** | ** | ||
H×N | ** | NS |
处理 Treatment | 总分枝数 Total number of branches | 主枝粗 Main branch diameter (cm) | 主枝叶片数 Leaf number of main branch | 单株重 Weight per plant (g·plant-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
H1N1 | 8.57±2.50bc | 0.63±0.08e | 11.29±1.39c | 167.14±44.79d |
H1N2 | 9.33±2.56b | 0.66±0.07de | 12.83±1.34bc | 204.83±38.08cd |
H1N3 | 9.91±1.63b | 0.72±0.09cde | 12.45±1.83bc | 256.27±67.15bcd |
H2N1 | 13.43±2.44a | 0.80±0.08abc | 14.29±2.37ab | 392.29±122.17a |
H2N2 | 9.40±2.42b | 0.79±0.11abc | 13.60±2.84abc | 378.20±127.32a |
H2N3 | 10.75±2.23b | 0.74±0.07abcd | 15.42±1.61a | 293.83±81.82abc |
H3N1 | 7.63±1.93d | 0.85±0.13a | 13.50±1.50abc | 362.50±106.3ab |
H3N2 | 8.33±3.71c | 0.83±0.08ab | 13.56±1.34abc | 307.22±85.22abc |
H3N3 | 11.56±1.34b | 0.76±0.08abcd | 12.89±2.73bc | 377.78±169.94a |
H | NS | * | * | * |
N | * | NS | NS | NS |
H×N | NS | NS | NS | NS |
表4 刈割高度与施氮量对丰产期饲料桑植物学性状的影响
Table 4 Effects of cutting height and nitrogen application rate on biological characteristics of forage mulberry in high yield period
处理 Treatment | 总分枝数 Total number of branches | 主枝粗 Main branch diameter (cm) | 主枝叶片数 Leaf number of main branch | 单株重 Weight per plant (g·plant-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
H1N1 | 8.57±2.50bc | 0.63±0.08e | 11.29±1.39c | 167.14±44.79d |
H1N2 | 9.33±2.56b | 0.66±0.07de | 12.83±1.34bc | 204.83±38.08cd |
H1N3 | 9.91±1.63b | 0.72±0.09cde | 12.45±1.83bc | 256.27±67.15bcd |
H2N1 | 13.43±2.44a | 0.80±0.08abc | 14.29±2.37ab | 392.29±122.17a |
H2N2 | 9.40±2.42b | 0.79±0.11abc | 13.60±2.84abc | 378.20±127.32a |
H2N3 | 10.75±2.23b | 0.74±0.07abcd | 15.42±1.61a | 293.83±81.82abc |
H3N1 | 7.63±1.93d | 0.85±0.13a | 13.50±1.50abc | 362.50±106.3ab |
H3N2 | 8.33±3.71c | 0.83±0.08ab | 13.56±1.34abc | 307.22±85.22abc |
H3N3 | 11.56±1.34b | 0.76±0.08abcd | 12.89±2.73bc | 377.78±169.94a |
H | NS | * | * | * |
N | * | NS | NS | NS |
H×N | NS | NS | NS | NS |
处理 Treatment | 粗蛋白 Crude protein | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber | 粗脂肪 Ether extract | 粗灰分 Crude ash |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1N1 | 15.73±0.07d | 31.67±0.48d | 19.84±0.03d | 2.84±0.04b | 6.42±0.04c |
H1N2 | 18.63±0.46a | 31.83±0.31d | 16.41±0.11e | 2.67±0.03c | 5.90±0.01f |
H1N3 | 17.47±0.11b | 32.31±0.11c | 22.73±0.26c | 2.50±0.06d | 6.72±0.01a |
H2N1 | 16.62±0.03c | 31.88±0.86cd | 19.94±0.43d | 2.37±0.02e | 6.37±0.04cd |
H2N2 | 17.46±0.01b | 33.47±0.01b | 20.05±0.16d | 2.99±0.05a | 5.98±0.03f |
H2N3 | 17.13±0.01b | 31.16±0.45d | 22.32±0.12c | 2.56±0.03d | 6.31±0.05d |
H3N1 | 15.85±0.16d | 35.45±0.14a | 24.87±0.32b | 2.50±0.02d | 5.99±0.06f |
H3N2 | 17.37±0.04b | 31.60±0.80d | 27.93±0.15a | 2.36±0.01e | 6.09±0.05e |
H3N3 | 17.27±0.12b | 36.07±0.20a | 28.13±0.40a | 2.24±0.09f | 6.61±0.02b |
H | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
N | * | ** | ** | ** | ** |
H×N | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
表5 刈割高度与施氮量对丰产期饲料桑营养品质的影响
Table 5 Effects of cutting height and nitrogen application rate on nutritional quality of forage mulberry in high yield period (%)
处理 Treatment | 粗蛋白 Crude protein | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber | 粗脂肪 Ether extract | 粗灰分 Crude ash |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1N1 | 15.73±0.07d | 31.67±0.48d | 19.84±0.03d | 2.84±0.04b | 6.42±0.04c |
H1N2 | 18.63±0.46a | 31.83±0.31d | 16.41±0.11e | 2.67±0.03c | 5.90±0.01f |
H1N3 | 17.47±0.11b | 32.31±0.11c | 22.73±0.26c | 2.50±0.06d | 6.72±0.01a |
H2N1 | 16.62±0.03c | 31.88±0.86cd | 19.94±0.43d | 2.37±0.02e | 6.37±0.04cd |
H2N2 | 17.46±0.01b | 33.47±0.01b | 20.05±0.16d | 2.99±0.05a | 5.98±0.03f |
H2N3 | 17.13±0.01b | 31.16±0.45d | 22.32±0.12c | 2.56±0.03d | 6.31±0.05d |
H3N1 | 15.85±0.16d | 35.45±0.14a | 24.87±0.32b | 2.50±0.02d | 5.99±0.06f |
H3N2 | 17.37±0.04b | 31.60±0.80d | 27.93±0.15a | 2.36±0.01e | 6.09±0.05e |
H3N3 | 17.27±0.12b | 36.07±0.20a | 28.13±0.40a | 2.24±0.09f | 6.61±0.02b |
H | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
N | * | ** | ** | ** | ** |
H×N | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
处理 Treatment | 鲜草 Fresh yield | 干草 Hay yield | 总分枝 Total branch | 主茎粗 Main stem diameter | 主枝叶片数 Leaf number of main branch | 单株重 Weight per plant | 粗蛋白 Crude protein | 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 粗脂肪 Ether extract | 粗灰分 Crude ash | 平均值 Average | 排序 Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1N1 | 0.5220 | 0.1891 | 0.4722 | 0.4231 | 0.5714 | 0.5867 | 0.0505 | 0.6942 | 0.9932 | 0.9804 | 0.1006 | 0.5076 | 3 |
H1N2 | 0.1351 | 0.0846 | 0.5556 | 0.4454 | 0.4583 | 0.4387 | 0.6667 | 0.2912 | 0.9885 | 0.5410 | 0.9524 | 0.5052 | 4 |
H1N3 | 0.1923 | 0.1427 | 0.3258 | 0.6483 | 0.5758 | 0.3501 | 1.0000 | 0.7058 | 0.9124 | 0.7647 | 0.0204 | 0.5126 | 2 |
H2N1 | 0.3762 | 0.1109 | 0.4592 | 0.4408 | 0.4694 | 0.2254 | 0.9529 | 0.6579 | 0.9745 | 0.0523 | 0.1950 | 0.4468 | 6 |
H2N2 | 0.7348 | 0.1804 | 0.5500 | 0.5002 | 0.4600 | 0.5399 | 0.0684 | 0.0035 | 0.6813 | 1.0000 | 0.6667 | 0.4896 | 5 |
H2N3 | 1.0000 | 0.7443 | 0.3654 | 0.6870 | 0.4833 | 0.4233 | 0.0381 | 0.9064 | 0.9773 | 0.9412 | 0.8503 | 0.6742 | 1 |
H3N1 | 0.6052 | 0.8671 | 0.3750 | 0.4688 | 0.5000 | 0.3790 | 0.1717 | 0.0316 | 0.0535 | 0.3137 | 0.9057 | 0.4247 | 7 |
H3N2 | 0.7560 | 0.8328 | 0.4167 | 0.5222 | 0.5111 | 0.3279 | 0.0188 | 0.3322 | 0.0158 | 0.0328 | 0.2738 | 0.3673 | 8 |
H3N3 | 0.1209 | 0.9379 | 0.4630 | 0.4801 | 0.5432 | 0.4855 | 0.4381 | 0.0450 | 0.0585 | 0.0000 | 0.2517 | 0.3476 | 9 |
表6 不同刈割高度与施氮量处理下饲料桑饲用价值指标隶属函数值
Table 6 Subordinate function values of forage mulberry value index under in different cutting height and nitrogen application rate
处理 Treatment | 鲜草 Fresh yield | 干草 Hay yield | 总分枝 Total branch | 主茎粗 Main stem diameter | 主枝叶片数 Leaf number of main branch | 单株重 Weight per plant | 粗蛋白 Crude protein | 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 粗脂肪 Ether extract | 粗灰分 Crude ash | 平均值 Average | 排序 Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1N1 | 0.5220 | 0.1891 | 0.4722 | 0.4231 | 0.5714 | 0.5867 | 0.0505 | 0.6942 | 0.9932 | 0.9804 | 0.1006 | 0.5076 | 3 |
H1N2 | 0.1351 | 0.0846 | 0.5556 | 0.4454 | 0.4583 | 0.4387 | 0.6667 | 0.2912 | 0.9885 | 0.5410 | 0.9524 | 0.5052 | 4 |
H1N3 | 0.1923 | 0.1427 | 0.3258 | 0.6483 | 0.5758 | 0.3501 | 1.0000 | 0.7058 | 0.9124 | 0.7647 | 0.0204 | 0.5126 | 2 |
H2N1 | 0.3762 | 0.1109 | 0.4592 | 0.4408 | 0.4694 | 0.2254 | 0.9529 | 0.6579 | 0.9745 | 0.0523 | 0.1950 | 0.4468 | 6 |
H2N2 | 0.7348 | 0.1804 | 0.5500 | 0.5002 | 0.4600 | 0.5399 | 0.0684 | 0.0035 | 0.6813 | 1.0000 | 0.6667 | 0.4896 | 5 |
H2N3 | 1.0000 | 0.7443 | 0.3654 | 0.6870 | 0.4833 | 0.4233 | 0.0381 | 0.9064 | 0.9773 | 0.9412 | 0.8503 | 0.6742 | 1 |
H3N1 | 0.6052 | 0.8671 | 0.3750 | 0.4688 | 0.5000 | 0.3790 | 0.1717 | 0.0316 | 0.0535 | 0.3137 | 0.9057 | 0.4247 | 7 |
H3N2 | 0.7560 | 0.8328 | 0.4167 | 0.5222 | 0.5111 | 0.3279 | 0.0188 | 0.3322 | 0.0158 | 0.0328 | 0.2738 | 0.3673 | 8 |
H3N3 | 0.1209 | 0.9379 | 0.4630 | 0.4801 | 0.5432 | 0.4855 | 0.4381 | 0.0450 | 0.0585 | 0.0000 | 0.2517 | 0.3476 | 9 |
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