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草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 73-82.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020577

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同燕麦品种在尼泊尔北部山区的生长特性及其营养品质的研究

旦增塔庆1(), Chapagain Purna Bhadra2, Pant Shankar Raj2, 杰布3(), 格桑顿珠4, 陈少锋1   

  1. 1.西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所,西藏 拉萨 850000
    2.尼泊尔农业研究理事会,牧草与饲料研究站,尼泊尔 热索瓦45007
    3.西藏自治区农牧科学院农业科学研究所,西藏 拉萨 850000
    4.西藏自治区农牧科学院,西藏 拉萨 850000
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-23 修回日期:2021-05-19 出版日期:2021-09-16 发布日期:2021-09-16
  • 通讯作者: 杰布
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: jie.bu@taaas.org
    旦增塔庆(1989-),男,藏族,西藏拉萨人,助理研究员,硕士。E-mail: xztarchen@sina.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国援助尼泊尔北部山区农业技术合作项目(GXTC-CZ-1827006);国家牧草产业技术体系拉萨综合试验站(CARS-34)

Growth characteristics and nutritive value of multiple oat varieties in mountainous Northern Nepal

Tenzin Tarchen1(), Purna Bhadra Chapagain2, Shankar Raj Pant2, Jiebu3(), Dunzhu Gesang4, Shao-feng CHEN1   

  1. 1.Institute of Pratacultural Science,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850000,China
    2.Pasture and Fodder Research Station,Nepal Agricultural Research Council,Rasuwa 45007,Nepal
    3.Institute of Agricultural Science,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850000,China
    4.Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850000,China
  • Received:2020-12-23 Revised:2021-05-19 Online:2021-09-16 Published:2021-09-16
  • Contact: Jiebu

摘要:

畜牧业是尼泊尔北部山区的重要生计支柱,提升牧草产量是我国对尼泊尔开展农业技术援助的关键领域。为筛选出适宜尼泊尔北部山区栽培的燕麦品种,于2019年5-10月在尼泊尔热索瓦县郎唐山区对12个燕麦品种(爱沃、太阳神、贝勒1、美达、科纳、林纳、青引1号、青海444、青海甜燕麦、陇燕2号、陇燕3号、Kamadhenu)的物候期、株高、产草量、穗含量、叶茎比和关键营养成分等进行了品比试验。结果表明:美达、科纳、青引1号、青海444、青海甜燕麦和Kamadhenu 6个品种能完成生育期,生育天数在115~141 d,其余多数品种只能达到乳熟期。各燕麦品种的株高为134.8~177.7 cm,其中引进品种太阳神、青海444、青海甜燕麦、美达和林纳的株高较对照品种Kamadhenu高6.3%~20.4%,存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。青海甜燕麦、青海444和美达的干草产量分别达到了14723.0、13491.0和13369.6 kg·hm-2,分别比对照品种Kamadhenu增产36.0%、24.7%和23.6%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。贝勒1、科纳和太阳神的叶茎比分别为0.40、0.38和0.36,是对照品种Kamadhenu的1.50~1.67倍。各燕麦品种的干物质、粗蛋白、总灰分、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量变化范围分别为93.5%~95.6%、5.7%~9.9%、4.4%~6.9%、68.2%~78.4%和39.3%~48.7%,其中太阳神的粗蛋白含量是对照品种Kamadhenu的1.57倍,存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。对各燕麦品种的10个农艺性状进行主成分分析及综合评价,结果表明,引进品种青海甜燕麦、美达、青海444和太阳神综合适应性较好,适宜在该地区推广种植。

关键词: 尼泊尔北部山区, 燕麦, 产量, 营养品质

Abstract:

Animal husbandry plays an important role in the livelihood of inhabitants of the mountainous region in Northern Nepal. Enhanced forage production capacity is one of the main priorities of agricultural technology in this region. To screen for oat varieties suitable for cultivation in the mountainous region of Northern Nepal, we conducted a comparative study of 12 oat (Avena sativa) varieties (Everleaf, Titan, Baler 1, Monida, Kona, Lena, Qingyin No.1, Qinghai 444, Qinghai sweet oat, Longyan No.2, Longyan No.3, Kamadhenu) in Langtang from May to October in 2019. We measured their phenological development, plant height, fresh and dry (hay) yields, ear content, stem to leaf ratio, and nutrient content. Only six varieties completed the growth cycle:Monida, Kona, Qingyin No.1, Qinghai 444, Qinghai sweet oat, and Kamadhenua. The growth period ranged from 115 to 141 days, and only six varieties reached the milking stage. The plant height of the 12 varieties ranged from 134.8 to 177.7 cm, and five of them (Titan, Qinghai 444, Qinghai sweet oat, Monida, and Lena) had plant heights 6.3%-20.4% greater than that of Kamadhenu, a local forage variety. The hay yields of Qinghai sweet oat, Qinghai 444, and Monida were 14723.0, 13491.0, and 13369.6 kg·ha-1, respectively, which were 36.0%, 24.7%, and 23.6% higher, respectively, than that of Kamadhenu. The leaf to stem ratios of Baler 1, Kona, and Titan were 0.40, 0.38, and 0.36, respectively, much higher than that of Kamadhenu. The dry matter content ranged from 93.5% to 95.6%; the crude protein content ranged from 5.7% to 9.9%; the total ash content ranged from 4.4% to 6.9%; the neutral detergent fiber content ranged from 68.2% to 78.4%; and the acid detergent fiber content ranged from 39.3% to 48.7%. The crude protein content of Titan was 1.57 times that of the local Nepalese variety Kamadhenu (P<0.01). A principal component analysis was used to evaluate the 10 agronomic characteristics of the above varieties, and showed that Qinghai sweet oat, Monida, Qinghai 444, and Titan are suitable varieties for cultivation in the mountainous region of Northern Nepal.

Key words: mountainous Northern Nepal, oat, yield, nutritional quality