草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 155-164.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021331
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2021-08-31
修回日期:
2021-11-03
出版日期:
2022-04-20
发布日期:
2022-01-25
通讯作者:
吴鹏飞
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: wupf@swun.edu.cn基金资助:
Xin LI(), Xue WEI, Chang-ting WANG, Xiao REN, Peng-fei WU()
Received:
2021-08-31
Revised:
2021-11-03
Online:
2022-04-20
Published:
2022-01-25
Contact:
Peng-fei WU
摘要:
为了查明外源性养分添加对高寒草甸土壤动物群落的影响,2012年5月在川西北的高寒草甸上用随机区组方式设置添加氮(N)、磷(P)和氮磷混加(NP)3种处理试验样地,每种添加处理均设置10、20和30 g·m-2三个处理梯度,以未添加养分的高寒草甸为对照样地(CK)。于2017和2020年的8月先后两次对各样地内的土壤节肢动物和土壤理化性质进行调查。结果表明:1)N、P和NP添加均能增加高寒草甸土壤节肢动物的密度和多样性,以梯度为20 g·m-2和NP混加处理效果最明显;2)N、P添加土壤节肢动物群落的密度、类群数和Shannon多样性指数均表现为2020年显著高于2017年(P<0.05),而NP混加土壤节肢动物群落的密度和类群数则表现为2020年显著低于2017年(P<0.05),但Shannon多样性指数表现为无显著差异(P>0.05);3)N、P添加显著提高长角?目密度(P<0.05),NP混加显著提高甲螨亚目和中气门亚目密度(P<0.05);4)多元回归分析和典范对应分析表明,影响土壤节肢动物群落组成结构和多样性的主要环境因素是土壤全N、全P、土壤有机质、pH、地上生物量和植物群落盖度。研究结果表明,土壤节肢动物群落对添加不同的外源性养分及添加量处理存在差异;高寒草甸上连续8年添加外源性氮、磷养分能提高土壤节肢动物多样性,而氮磷混加则起抑制作用。建议对高寒草甸进行外源性氮磷混加控制在每年20 g·m-2,且连续添加年限不宜超过8年。
李鑫, 魏雪, 王长庭, 任晓, 吴鹏飞. 外源性养分添加对高寒草甸土壤节肢动物群落的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(4): 155-164.
Xin LI, Xue WEI, Chang-ting WANG, Xiao REN, Peng-fei WU. Effects of exogenous nutrient addition on alpine meadow soil arthropod communities[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(4): 155-164.
图1 不同养分添加处理下土壤节肢动物群落密度及多样性不同大写字母表示不同养分添加差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示同一养分添加不同处理梯度差异显著(P<0.05)。*和**表示同一养分、不同年份间的差异,显著性水平分别为P<0.05和P<0.01。下同。Different capital letters indicate significant differences among nutrient addition treatment at the P<0.05 level and lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different nutrient gradient with the same nutrient treatment at the P<0.05 level. * and ** indicate significant differences between the same nutrient treatment and different years, and the significance level is P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively. The same below.
Fig.1 The abundances and diversity index of soil arthropod communities in different nutrient addition treatments (mean ±SE)
处理 Treatments | 个体密度 Abundance | 类群数 Group number | 多样性指数 Shannon index | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | P | F | P | F | P | |
年份 Year (Y) | 9.05 | 0.003 | 2.61 | 0.110 | 33.11 | <0.001 |
种类 Treatment (T) | 9.84 | <0.001 | 9.93 | <0.001 | 3.04 | 0.052 |
梯度 Gradient (G) | 4.07 | 0.020 | 6.46 | 0.002 | 3.79 | 0.026 |
T×Y | 40.69 | <0.001 | 41.57 | <0.001 | 28.14 | <0.001 |
G×Y | 2.68 | 0.074 | 7.18 | 0.001 | 4.45 | 0.014 |
T×G | 1.09 | 0.278 | 0.85 | 0.497 | 1.54 | 0.197 |
T×G×Y | 5.77 | <0.001 | 2.81 | 0.029 | 3.14 | 0.018 |
表1 不同养分添加处理间土壤节肢动物群落密度及多样性差异
Table 1 Results of Three-way ANOVA on the abundances and diversity indices of soil arthropod communities (N=6)
处理 Treatments | 个体密度 Abundance | 类群数 Group number | 多样性指数 Shannon index | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | P | F | P | F | P | |
年份 Year (Y) | 9.05 | 0.003 | 2.61 | 0.110 | 33.11 | <0.001 |
种类 Treatment (T) | 9.84 | <0.001 | 9.93 | <0.001 | 3.04 | 0.052 |
梯度 Gradient (G) | 4.07 | 0.020 | 6.46 | 0.002 | 3.79 | 0.026 |
T×Y | 40.69 | <0.001 | 41.57 | <0.001 | 28.14 | <0.001 |
G×Y | 2.68 | 0.074 | 7.18 | 0.001 | 4.45 | 0.014 |
T×G | 1.09 | 0.278 | 0.85 | 0.497 | 1.54 | 0.197 |
T×G×Y | 5.77 | <0.001 | 2.81 | 0.029 | 3.14 | 0.018 |
处理 Treatment | pH | 有机质 SOM (g·kg-1) | 全氮 TN (g·kg-1) | 全磷 TP (g·kg-1) | 地上生物量 AB (g·m-2) | 盖度 CO (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 5.70±0.04a | 108.07±4.48 | 6.26±0.27bc | 0.80±0.03c | 313.96±11.92d | 86.37±1.20d |
N10 | 5.42±0.04b | 113.50±7.61 | 6.90±0.31ab | 0.78±0.03c | 347.90±9.25bcd | 89.25±0.53bcd |
N20 | 5.46±0.06b | 110.95±8.09 | 7.19±0.22a | 0.76±0.03c | 370.28±22.82bc | 88.11±1.50cd |
N30 | 5.45±0.02b | 120.35±3.87 | 7.44±0.23a | 0.75±0.04c | 373.59±10.83abc | 91.44±0.72abc |
P10 | 5.51±0.05b | 105.06±6.39 | 6.20±0.13bc | 0.96±0.02ab | 335.81±17.06cd | 88.70±1.28cd |
P20 | 5.51±0.04b | 111.81±7.51 | 6.15±0.10bc | 0.99±0.04a | 351.46±9.43bcd | 93.35±0.95a |
P30 | 5.47±0.04b | 118.22±5.36 | 6.12±0.24c | 1.08±0.03a | 343.14±9.47cd | 90.88±0.69abc |
NP10 | 5.45±0.06b | 108.83±6.70 | 6.46±0.22bc | 0.84±0.04bc | 356.22±9.58bcd | 89.78±1.18bc |
NP20 | 5.51±0.04b | 113.09±3.31 | 5.70±0.21c | 0.97±0.02ab | 386.86±8.70ab | 93.55±1.34a |
NP30 | 5.44±0.03b | 111.68±6.49 | 6.10±0.38c | 1.03±0.11a | 411.45±16.94a | 92.28±0.91ab |
F | 3.40 | 0.54 | 5.06 | 6.75 | 4.27 | 4.78 |
P | 0.001 | 0.84 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
表2 不同养分添加样地的基本概况
Table 2 Basic information of sample plots with different nutrient additions
处理 Treatment | pH | 有机质 SOM (g·kg-1) | 全氮 TN (g·kg-1) | 全磷 TP (g·kg-1) | 地上生物量 AB (g·m-2) | 盖度 CO (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 5.70±0.04a | 108.07±4.48 | 6.26±0.27bc | 0.80±0.03c | 313.96±11.92d | 86.37±1.20d |
N10 | 5.42±0.04b | 113.50±7.61 | 6.90±0.31ab | 0.78±0.03c | 347.90±9.25bcd | 89.25±0.53bcd |
N20 | 5.46±0.06b | 110.95±8.09 | 7.19±0.22a | 0.76±0.03c | 370.28±22.82bc | 88.11±1.50cd |
N30 | 5.45±0.02b | 120.35±3.87 | 7.44±0.23a | 0.75±0.04c | 373.59±10.83abc | 91.44±0.72abc |
P10 | 5.51±0.05b | 105.06±6.39 | 6.20±0.13bc | 0.96±0.02ab | 335.81±17.06cd | 88.70±1.28cd |
P20 | 5.51±0.04b | 111.81±7.51 | 6.15±0.10bc | 0.99±0.04a | 351.46±9.43bcd | 93.35±0.95a |
P30 | 5.47±0.04b | 118.22±5.36 | 6.12±0.24c | 1.08±0.03a | 343.14±9.47cd | 90.88±0.69abc |
NP10 | 5.45±0.06b | 108.83±6.70 | 6.46±0.22bc | 0.84±0.04bc | 356.22±9.58bcd | 89.78±1.18bc |
NP20 | 5.51±0.04b | 113.09±3.31 | 5.70±0.21c | 0.97±0.02ab | 386.86±8.70ab | 93.55±1.34a |
NP30 | 5.44±0.03b | 111.68±6.49 | 6.10±0.38c | 1.03±0.11a | 411.45±16.94a | 92.28±0.91ab |
F | 3.40 | 0.54 | 5.06 | 6.75 | 4.27 | 4.78 |
P | 0.001 | 0.84 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
项目Item | pH | 有机质SOM | 全氮TN | 全磷TP | 地上生物量AB | 群落盖度CO |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
个体密度 Abundance | 0.334** | 0.215* | ||||
类群数 Group number | 0.356** | 0.209* | ||||
多样性指数 Shannon index | 0.326** | 0.187* | ||||
甲螨亚目 Oribatida | 0.229* | 0.190* | 0.231* | |||
中气门亚目 Mesostigmata | 0.246** | 0.189* | ||||
前气门亚目 Prostigmata | ||||||
原?目 Poduromorpha | ||||||
长角?目 Entomobryomorph | 0.213* | |||||
同翅目 Homoptera |
表3 土壤节肢动物及主要类群与环境因子的多元回归分析
Table 3 The multiple regression analysis on the relationships among the soil arthropod communities, major groups and environmental factors
项目Item | pH | 有机质SOM | 全氮TN | 全磷TP | 地上生物量AB | 群落盖度CO |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
个体密度 Abundance | 0.334** | 0.215* | ||||
类群数 Group number | 0.356** | 0.209* | ||||
多样性指数 Shannon index | 0.326** | 0.187* | ||||
甲螨亚目 Oribatida | 0.229* | 0.190* | 0.231* | |||
中气门亚目 Mesostigmata | 0.246** | 0.189* | ||||
前气门亚目 Prostigmata | ||||||
原?目 Poduromorpha | ||||||
长角?目 Entomobryomorph | 0.213* | |||||
同翅目 Homoptera |
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