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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 53-63.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021414

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

生草对关中地区有机猕猴桃园土壤养分及细菌群落的影响

靳旭妹(), 王莹莹, 刘崇义, 陈新义, 龙明秀(), 何树斌()   

  1. 西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院,陕西 杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-10 修回日期:2022-02-09 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-09-14
  • 通讯作者: 龙明秀,何树斌
  • 作者简介:E-mail: heshubin@nwsuaf.edu.cn
    E-mail: longmingxiu@nwsuaf.edu.cn
    靳旭妹(1996-),女,甘肃平凉人,在读硕士。E-mail: jinxumei@nwafu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟重大科技项目(LMZD202103);西北农林科技大学试验示范站基地科技创新与成果转化项目(TGZX2020-11);陕西省重点研发项目(2019ZDLNY05-03)

Effects on soil nutrients and bacterial communities of different cover crops in an organic kiwifruit orchard in the Guanzhong region of China

Xu-mei JIN(), Ying-ying WANG, Chong-yi LIU, Xin-yi CHEN, Ming-xiu LONG(), Shu-bin HE()   

  1. College of Grassland Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China
  • Received:2021-11-10 Revised:2022-02-09 Online:2022-10-20 Published:2022-09-14
  • Contact: Ming-xiu LONG,Shu-bin HE

摘要:

为探究不同生草模式对关中地区有机猕猴桃园土壤养分及细菌群落的影响,试验设置多年生黑麦草+毛苕子(Mode 1)、多年生黑麦草+草木樨(Mode 2)、多年生黑麦草+白三叶(Mode 3)及鼠茅草(Mode 4),以自然生草处理为对照(CK),观察草种生长特性、研究生草对果园耕层(0~20 cm)土壤养分影响,采用高通量测序法分析细菌群落结构。结果表明:鼠茅草越冬率最高,样地杂草株数最少。人工生草较自然生草有机质提高了6.46%~38.63%,以多年生黑麦草+毛苕子效果更为明显,且该处理提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最为显著,分别为3.37、44.17和3.46 mg·d-1·g-1。同时,与自然生草相比,多年生黑麦草+毛苕子、多年生黑麦草+草木樨和多年生黑麦草+白三叶提高了土壤细菌群落的丰富度和多样性,多年生黑麦草+毛苕子存在最多差异显著的细菌分支。综上,关中地区有机猕猴桃园种植多年生黑麦草+毛苕子在一定程度上有助于提高土壤有机质及养分含量,改善土壤微生态环境。

关键词: 果园生草, 土壤养分, 土壤细菌多样性, 16S rDNA高通量测序

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of different cover crop combinations on soil nutrients and bacterial communities in organic kiwifruit orchards in the Guanzhong area. Four cover crop combinations were tested: 1) Lolium perenne+Vicia villosa2) L. perenne+Melilotus officinalis; 3) L. perenne+Trifolium repensand 4) Vulpia myuros. Natural grass was used as the control. The growth characteristics of grass species and the effects of cover crops on soil nutrients in the orchard topsoil (0-20 cm) were observed. The bacterial community structure was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. It was found that V. myuros had the highest overwintering survival rate and the lowest number of weed plants in the plot. The soil organic matter of artificial grass was 6.46%-38.63% higher than that of natural grass. The combination L. perenne+V. villosa gave an obvious difference, and this treatment resulted in the most significant improvement in soil urease, sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activities, which were 3.37, 44.17 and 3.46 mg·g-1·d-1, respectively. Meanwhile, compared with natural grass, L. perenne+V. villosaL. perenne+M. officinalis and L. perenne+T. repens increased the richness and diversity of soil bacterial communities. L. perenne+V. villosa had the most distinct bacterial community structure. In summary, planting L. perenne+V. villosa in organic kiwifruit orchards in Guanzhong area can be recommended to help improve soil organic matter and nutrient content to a certain extent, and to improve the soil micro-ecological environment.

Key words: orchard grasses cultivation, soil nutrients, soil bacterial diversity, 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing