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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 31-40.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021467

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄帚橐吾对退化高寒草地植物、土壤养分及微生物量的影响

王玉琴1(), 宋梅玲1, 周睿1, 王宏生1, 刘华2, 朱秀莲3, 马玉寿1()   

  1. 1.三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海 西宁 810016
    2.青海省草原总站,青海 西宁 810008
    3.青海省海北州海晏县草原监理工作站,青海 海北 812200
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-13 修回日期:2022-01-27 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2022-10-17
  • 通讯作者: 马玉寿
  • 作者简介:E-mail: mayushou@sina.com
    王玉琴(1988-),女,甘肃兰州人,助理研究员,博士。E-mail: gsndwangyuqin@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省科技成果转化专项(2019-SF-151)

Effects of Ligularia virgaurea on plant and soil nutrient levels and soil microbial biomass characteristics in degraded alpine grassland

Yu-qin WANG1(), Mei-ling SONG1, Rui ZHOU1, Hong-sheng WANG1, Hua LIU2, Xiu-lian ZHU3, Yu-shou MA1()   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Xining 810016,China
    2.Qinghai Provincial Grassland Station,Xining 810008,China
    3.Haiyan County Grassland Station,Haibei 812200,China
  • Received:2021-12-13 Revised:2022-01-27 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2022-10-17
  • Contact: Yu-shou MA

摘要:

黄帚橐吾作为指示高寒草甸植被退化的重要物种,研究其对草地生态系统植被、土壤以及微生物养分循环的影响,对揭示其入侵机制具有重要意义。本研究以黄帚橐吾危害区为研究对象,用化学药剂去除黄帚橐吾的竞争优势,分析黄帚橐吾危害后植被功能群养分、土壤养分以及土壤微生物量的变化。结果表明:黄帚橐吾危害后,提高了莎草科体内碳(C)含量,禾本科和豆科氮(N)含量显著升高,豆科磷(P)含量显著升高,而莎草科P含量显著降低(P<0.05),且黄帚橐吾体内C含量显著高于其他功能群(P<0.05);各功能群C/N表现为莎草科显著高于豆科和杂类草(P<0.05),C/P为莎草科显著高于其他功能群(P<0.05),同时,植物C含量与N含量、P含量负相关,N含量与P含量正相关。黄帚橐吾危害后土壤全氮含量显著升高,速效氮、全钾和速效钾含量显著降低,C/N显著降低,N/P显著升高(P<0.05)。黄帚橐吾引起土壤微生物量(MBC、MBN和MBP)的升高,使土壤微生物活性上升,MBC/MBN和MBC/MBP在危害区也高于防除区,MBN/MBP略低于防除区,说明黄帚橐吾对N的需求大于对P的需求。植物C、N、P含量及化学计量比与土壤养分和土壤微生物量及化学计量比具有一定的相关性,冗余分析(RDA)结果得到在黄帚橐吾危害区黄帚橐吾C、N、P含量与土壤养分和微生物量具有较大的相关性,且植物的P含量与土壤养分和微生物量显著相关(P<0.05),而在防除对照区内每个功能群植物对养分的需求均匀分布,可见黄帚橐吾危害后影响了草地养分的分配格局。

关键词: 黄帚橐吾, 危害, 理化性质, 化学计量

Abstract:

Ligularia virgaurea is considered to be an important indicator species of vegetation degradation in alpine meadows. A study of grassland ecosystem vegetation, soil and microbial nutrient cycling would make a significant contribution to understanding its invasion mechanism. An area with L. virgaurea invasion was studied. Chemical agents were used to remove the competitive advantage of L. virgaurea, and the subsequent changes in the nutrient levels of vegetation functional groups, soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass were measured and analyzed. We found that the carbon (C) content of Cyperaceae in the study area was increased. The nitrogen contents of Poaceae and Fabaceae and the phosphorus (P) content of Fabaceae were significantly increased, while the P content of Cyperaceae was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and C content in L. virgaurea was significantly higher than that in other functional groups (P<0.05). Across functional groups, the C∶N was significantly higher in Cyperaceae than in Fabaceae and forbs (P<0.05), and C∶P of Cyperaceae was significantly higher than that of other functional groups (P<0.05). Stoichiometrically, there was a negative correlation between C content and N or P content, and a positive correlation between N content and P content. The total nitrogen content of soil increased significantly in the study area after chemical treatment of L. virgaurea, and the contents of available nitrogen, total potassium and available potassium and the C∶N decreased significantly, while N∶P increased significantly (P<0.05). L. virgaurea caused an increase in soil microbial biomass (and also microbial C, N, and P) and increased soil microbial activity. Microbial C∶N and C∶P ratios in the study area were also higher than those in the control area, and microbial N∶P was slightly lower than that in the control area, indicating that the demand for N in L. virgaurea is greater than the demand for P. The plant contents and stoichiometric ratios of plant C, N, and P were linked to soil and soil microbial biomass nutrient levels and stoichiometric ratios. Results of a redundancy analysis showed that soil levels of C, N, and P in the study area were highly correlated with those in microbial biomass, and the P content of plants was significantly related to that of soil and microbial biomass (P<0.05), and the nutrient requirements of each functional group of plants in the control area were evenly distributed, which shows that the nutrient distribution pattern in grassland was affected by L. virgaurea.

Key words: Ligularia virgaurea, hazard, physical and chemical properties, stoichiometry