施磷与接种丛枝菌根真菌对苜蓿产量和磷素利用效率的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022251

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨施磷及接种丛枝菌根真菌对苜蓿干物质产量、磷含量以及土壤碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性的影响，分析接菌及施磷条件下紫花苜蓿土壤速效磷、全磷与干物质产量之间的关系，进而阐明接菌及施磷对紫花苜蓿干物质产量及各指标之间关系的影响机制。本试验采用双因素完全随机设计，设置4个施菌水平：单接种摩西管柄囊霉（Fm，T₁）、幼套球囊霉（Ge，T₂）、双接菌（Fm×Ge，T₃）及未接菌处理（CK，T₀），在施菌条件下设置4个施磷水平，分别为：施P₂O₅ 0（P₀）、50（P₁）、100（P₂）、150（P₃） mg·kg^-1，菌磷互作共16个处理，每个处理10次重复。结果表明：1）相同接菌处理，苜蓿的干物质产量、植株叶片、茎及根部磷含量、土壤pH值及碱性磷酸酶活性均随施磷量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势，均在P₂处理达到最大值，且施磷处理显著大于未施磷处理（P<0.05）。根际和非根际土壤速效磷和全磷含量均随施磷量的增加而逐渐增加，苜蓿的磷肥农学效率随施磷量的增加呈逐渐降低的趋势。2）相同施磷处理，单接菌及双接菌处理苜蓿的干物质产量、植株叶片、茎及根部磷含量、根际和非根际土壤速效磷、全磷含量、磷素利用效率及土壤中碱性磷酸酶活性均显著大于未接菌处理（P<0.05），土壤全磷及速效磷含量均在T₃处理达到最大值。双接菌处理下土壤的pH值显著小于未接菌处理（P<0.05），且在T₃处理达到最小值。因此，当施磷（P₂O₅）量为100 mg·kg^-1时，混合接种两种丛枝菌根真菌可以有效促进苜蓿植株根系对土壤中速效磷的吸收，提高磷素利用效率，进而促进苜蓿干物质产量的形成。

关键词: 苜蓿, 丛枝菌根真菌, 磷, 磷素利用效率, 磷酸酶活性

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of phosphorus application and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on dry matter yield， phosphorus content and soil alkaline phosphatase activity （AKP） of alfalfa， the soil available phosphorus and total phosphorus of alfalfa under different inoculation and phosphorus application regimes were analyzed. The relationship between alfalfa dry matter yield and inoculation and phosphorus application and the relationship between yield and various other indicators were further clarified. In this experiment， a two-factor completely randomized design was adopted. Four inoculation treatments were included： Single inoculation with Funneliformis mosseaes （Fm， T₁）， Glomus etunicatum （Ge， T₂）， double inoculation （Fm×Ge， T₃） and no fungal treatment （CK， T₀）. As the second factor， four phosphorus application levels were included： P₂O₅ 0 （P₀）， 50 （P₁）， 100 （P₂）， 150 （P₃） mg·kg^-1 making a total of 16 treatments defining the fungus-phosphorus interaction. Each treatment was repeated 10 times. It was found that： 1） With the same inoculation treatment， the dry matter yield， phosphorus content of leaves， stems and roots， soil pH value and alkaline phosphatase activity of alfalfa all initially increased first and then decreased with increasing phosphorus application. All reached the maximum value in the P₂ treatment， and the yield of the alfalfa P fertilization treatment was significantly greater than the no P fertilization treatment （P<0.05）. The content of available phosphorus and total phosphorus in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil increased gradually with increasing phosphorus application rate， and the agronomic efficiency of alfalfa phosphorus fertilizer showed a decreasing trend with increase in phosphorus application rate. 2） With the same inoculation treatment， dry matter yield， phosphorus content of plant leaves， stems and roots， rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil available phosphorus， total phosphorus content， phosphorus use efficiency， soil alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly greater than that of uninoculated treatment （P<0.05）， and the soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus contents were maximised in the T₃ treatment. The pH value of soil in the double inoculation treatment was significantly lower than that in the uninoculated treatment （P<0.05）， and reached the minimum value in the T₃ treatment. Based on these results， the phosphorus application （P₂O₅） treatment of 100 mg·kg^-1， coupled with the mixed inoculation of the two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could could be recommended and this treatment effectively promoted the absorption of available phosphorus in the soil by the roots of alfalfa plants， improved the efficiency of phosphorus use， and enhanced dry matter yield in alfalfa.

Key words: alfalfa, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF）, phosphorus, phosphorus utilization efficiency, phosphatase activity

安晓霞, 张盈盈, 马春晖, 李曼, 张前兵. 施磷与接种丛枝菌根真菌对苜蓿产量和磷素利用效率的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(6): 71-84.

Xiao-xia AN, Ying-ying ZHANG, Chun-hui MA, Man LI, Qian-bing ZHANG. Effects of phosphorus application and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on alfalfa yield and phosphorus use efficiency[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(6): 71-84.

图/表 9

参考文献 35

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编号 Number	处理 Treatments	NH₄H₂PO₄ （mg·pot^-1）	CN₂H₄O （mg·pot^-1）	摩西球囊霉 F. mosseae （g·pot^-1）	幼套球囊酶 G. etunicatum （g·pot^-1）
1	T₀P₀	0.0	105.3	0	0
2	T₀P₁	35.1	70.2	0	0
3	T₀P₂	70.2	35.1	0	0
4	T₀P₃	105.3	0.0	0	0
5	T₁P₀	0.0	105.3	10	0
6	T₁P₁	35.1	70.2	10	0
7	T₁P₂	70.2	35.1	10	0
8	T₁P₃	105.3	0.0	10	0
9	T₂P₀	0.0	105.3	0	10
10	T₂P₁	35.1	70.2	0	10
11	T₂P₂	70.2	35.1	0	10
12	T₂P₃	105.3	0.0	0	10
13	T₃P₀	0.0	105.3	5	5
14	T₃P₁	35.1	70.2	5	5
15	T₃P₂	70.2	35.1	5	5
16	T₃P₃	105.3	0.0	5	5

编号 Number	处理 Treatments	NH₄H₂PO₄ （mg·pot^-1）	CN₂H₄O （mg·pot^-1）	摩西球囊霉 F. mosseae （g·pot^-1）	幼套球囊酶 G. etunicatum （g·pot^-1）
1	T₀P₀	0.0	105.3	0	0
2	T₀P₁	35.1	70.2	0	0
3	T₀P₂	70.2	35.1	0	0
4	T₀P₃	105.3	0.0	0	0
5	T₁P₀	0.0	105.3	10	0
6	T₁P₁	35.1	70.2	10	0
7	T₁P₂	70.2	35.1	10	0
8	T₁P₃	105.3	0.0	10	0
9	T₂P₀	0.0	105.3	0	10
10	T₂P₁	35.1	70.2	0	10
11	T₂P₂	70.2	35.1	0	10
12	T₂P₃	105.3	0.0	0	10
13	T₃P₀	0.0	105.3	5	5
14	T₃P₁	35.1	70.2	5	5
15	T₃P₂	70.2	35.1	5	5
16	T₃P₃	105.3	0.0	5	5

处理 Treatment	第1茬 First cut	第2茬 Second cut	第3茬 Third cut
T₀P₀	14.03±0.95Cc	16.22±0.70Bc	11.63±0.92Db
T₀P₁	21.73±0.60Ba	16.50±1.22Cc	14.57±0.51Ca
T₀P₂	18.73±0.81Db	21.67±0.51Ca	14.47±0.55Ca
T₀P₃	21.57±0.61Ba	18.13±0.90Bb	13.43±0.55Ca
T₁P₀	17.73±0.85ABc	17.05±0.78Bd	15.23±0.40Bc
T₁P₁	22.95±0.84Bb	21.67±0.51ABb	15.78±0.62Bc
T₁P₂	25.90±0.80Ba	23.85±0.65Ba	18.65±0.56ABa
T₁P₃	23.07±0.87Ab	19.30±0.69ABc	17.35±0.65ABb
T₂P₀	16.63±0.61Bc	16.89±0.64Bd	13.93±0.85Cd
T₂P₁	21.80±0.50Bb	20.50±1.06Bb	15.03±0.90BCc
T₂P₂	23.43±0.61Ca	21.90±0.72Ca	18.10±0.80Ba
T₂P₃	22.57±0.76ABab	18.17±0.76Bc	16.32±0.51Bb
T₃P₀	19.03±0.70Ac	19.00±0.66Ac	16.77±0.58Ab
T₃P₁	24.38±0.94Ab	22.47±0.55Ab	17.30±0.72Ab
T₃P₂	27.23±0.83Aa	25.87±0.68Aa	19.45±0.56Aa
T₃P₃	23.70±0.79Ab	20.13±0.75Ac	17.58±0.45Ab
Fungus treatment （T）	**	**	**
Phosphorus treatment （P）	**	**	**
Fungus phosphorus interaction （T×P）	**	**	**

处理 Treatment	第1茬 First cut	第2茬 Second cut	第3茬 Third cut
T₀P₀	14.03±0.95Cc	16.22±0.70Bc	11.63±0.92Db
T₀P₁	21.73±0.60Ba	16.50±1.22Cc	14.57±0.51Ca
T₀P₂	18.73±0.81Db	21.67±0.51Ca	14.47±0.55Ca
T₀P₃	21.57±0.61Ba	18.13±0.90Bb	13.43±0.55Ca
T₁P₀	17.73±0.85ABc	17.05±0.78Bd	15.23±0.40Bc
T₁P₁	22.95±0.84Bb	21.67±0.51ABb	15.78±0.62Bc
T₁P₂	25.90±0.80Ba	23.85±0.65Ba	18.65±0.56ABa
T₁P₃	23.07±0.87Ab	19.30±0.69ABc	17.35±0.65ABb
T₂P₀	16.63±0.61Bc	16.89±0.64Bd	13.93±0.85Cd
T₂P₁	21.80±0.50Bb	20.50±1.06Bb	15.03±0.90BCc
T₂P₂	23.43±0.61Ca	21.90±0.72Ca	18.10±0.80Ba
T₂P₃	22.57±0.76ABab	18.17±0.76Bc	16.32±0.51Bb
T₃P₀	19.03±0.70Ac	19.00±0.66Ac	16.77±0.58Ab
T₃P₁	24.38±0.94Ab	22.47±0.55Ab	17.30±0.72Ab
T₃P₂	27.23±0.83Aa	25.87±0.68Aa	19.45±0.56Aa
T₃P₃	23.70±0.79Ab	20.13±0.75Ac	17.58±0.45Ab
Fungus treatment （T）	**	**	**
Phosphorus treatment （P）	**	**	**
Fungus phosphorus interaction （T×P）	**	**	**

处理 Treatment	苜蓿叶片磷含量 Phosphorus content in alfalfa leaves （mg·kg^-1）			苜蓿茎磷含量 Phosphorus content in alfalfa stem （mg·kg^-1）
处理 Treatment	第1茬First cut	第2茬Second cut	第3茬Third cut	第1茬First cut	第2茬Second cut	第3茬Third cut
T₀P₀	0.203±0.008Ba	0.252±0.007Cb	0.219±0.006Bb	0.155±0.003Abc	0.146±0.009Bc	0.111±0.003Bb
T₀P₁	0.210±0.005Ba	0.270±0.008Db	0.284±0.014Ba	0.175±0.002Ba	0.182±0.003Cb	0.141±0.013BCa
T₀P₂	0.207±0.008Da	0.388±0.007Ba	0.277±0.002Ba	0.167±0.008Cab	0.216±0.010Ba	0.151±0.003Ca
T₀P₃	0.204±0.009Ca	0.383±0.018Ba	0.233±0.008Cb	0.150±0.007Cc	0.207±0.001Ba	0.143±0.003Ca
T₁P₀	0.216±0.002ABb	0.297±0.001Bc	0.233±0.006Bb	0.161±0.008Ac	0.184±0.003Ac	0.119±0.005Bc
T₁P₁	0.254±0.009Aa	0.350±0.006Cb	0.240±0.007Cb	0.169±0.008Bbc	0.216±0.004ABb	0.149±0.005Bb
T₁P₂	0.232±0.002Cb	0.378±0.015Ba	0.288±0.007Ba	0.193±0.010ABa	0.237±0.006Aa	0.190±0.007Ba
T₁P₃	0.226±0.011Bb	0.377±0.011Ba	0.281±0.006Ba	0.179±0.005Bab	0.219±0.006ABb	0.186±0.005Aa
T₂P₀	0.209±0.004ABb	0.286±0.013Bc	0.223±0.009Bc	0.153±0.007Ab	0.196±0.001Ac	0.114±0.002Bc
T₂P₁	0.245±0.010Aa	0.374±0.019Bb	0.249±0.004Cb	0.176±0.009Ba	0.208±0.008Bbc	0.134±0.003Cb
T₂P₂	0.255±0.002Ba	0.389±0.001ABa	0.271±0.011Ba	0.191±0.004Ba	0.232±0.009Aa	0.156±0.004Ca
T₂P₃	0.254±0.008Aa	0.368±0.016Bb	0.266±0.011Ba	0.178±0.009Ba	0.211±0.002Bb	0.152±0.008Ca
T₃P₀	0.225±0.009Ab	0.328±0.003Ab	0.277±0.007Ac	0.164±0.005Ac	0.199±0.004Ac	0.146±0.003Ac
T₃P₁	0.241±0.008Ab	0.391±0.016Aa	0.304±0.005Ab	0.197±0.004Ab	0.228±0.003Aab	0.167±0.007Ab
T₃P₂	0.292±0.006Aa	0.399±0.001Aa	0.333±0.008Aa	0.220±0.010Aab	0.216±0.007Bb	0.207±0.001Aa
T₃P₃	0.231±0.007Bb	0.389±0.014Aa	0.325±0.006Aa	0.207±0.007Aa	0.230±0.007Aa	0.172±0.006Bb
T	**	**	**	**	**	**
P	**	**	**	**	**	**
T×P	**	**	**	**	**	**
处理 Treatment	苜蓿根部磷含量 Phosphorus content in alfalfa roots （mg·kg^-1）			磷肥农学效率 Agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilizer （%）
处理 Treatment	第1茬First cut	第2茬Second cut	第3茬Third cut	磷肥农学效率 Agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilizer （%）
T₀P₀	0.173±0.006Bc	0.182±0.003Cc	0.144±0.003Cb	—
T₀P₁	0.224±0.006Aa	0.216±0.008Cb	0.178±0.001Ba	24.26±1.20Aa
T₀P₂	0.198±0.006Cb	0.245±0.006Ca	0.170±0.004Da	14.43±0.70Bb
T₀P₃	0.190±0.002Db	0.231±0.010Ca	0.172±0.006Ca	8.33±0.41Ac
T₁P₀	0.201±0.008Ac	0.217±0.006Bc	0.151±0.003Cd	—
T₁P₁	0.216±0.004Ab	0.265±0.009ABa	0.170±0.003Bc	23.07±1.67Aa
T₁P₂	0.240±0.009ABa	0.271±0.001Ba	0.181±0.004Cb	20.43±1.08Aa
T₁P₃	0.222±0.004Bb	0.246±0.004Bb	0.196±0.003Ba	7.19±0.39Ab
T₂P₀	0.204±0.004Ab	0.212±0.005Bb	0.162±0.004Bc	—
T₂P₁	0.214±0.006Ab	0.253±0.005Ba	0.175±0.004Bb	21.96±1.13Aa
T₂P₂	0.234±0.006Ba	0.267±0.010Ba	0.199±0.007Ba	17.76±0.85ABb
T₂P₃	0.205±0.004Cb	0.255±0.007Ba	0.180±0.006Cb	7.11±0.37Ac
T₃P₀	0.212±0.007Ac	0.243±0.004Ac	0.188±0.003Ac	—
T₃P₁	0.227±0.004Ab	0.273±0.006Ab	0.215±0.008Ab	20.78±1.07Aa
T₃P₂	0.253±0.006Aa	0.304±0.004Aa	0.233±0.003Aa	19.72±0.77Aa
T₃P₃	0.241±0.012Aa	0.295±0.013Aa	0.219±0.006Ab	4.90±0.31Ab
T	**	**	**	NS
P	**	**	**	**
T×P	**	NS	**	*