草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (7): 23-37.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022391
周晓雷1(), 杨富强2, 王明军3, 黄海霞1, 田青1,4, 周旭姣5, 赵安6, 贺万鹏1, 赵艳丽1, 姜礼红1
收稿日期:
2022-10-06
修回日期:
2022-11-21
出版日期:
2023-07-20
发布日期:
2023-05-26
通讯作者:
周晓雷
作者简介:
周晓雷(1973-),男,甘肃通渭人,教授,博士。E-mail: zhouxl@gsau.edu.cn基金资助:
Xiao-lei ZHOU1(), Fu-qiang YANG2, Ming-jun WANG3, Hai-xia HUANG1, Qing TIAN1,4, Xu-jiao ZHOU5, An ZHAO6, Wan-peng HE1, Yan-li ZHAO1, Li-hong JIANG1
Received:
2022-10-06
Revised:
2022-11-21
Online:
2023-07-20
Published:
2023-05-26
Contact:
Xiao-lei ZHOU
摘要:
特定环境下植物的生态位决定植物群落的相对稳定状态。以空间代替时间方法,采用Levins和Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度指数、Pianka和Schoener生态位重叠指数,分析青藏高原东北边缘云杉-巴山冷杉林火烧迹地4个演替阶段群落的种群生态位宽度和生态位重叠程度,并划分群落特化种和泛化种。结果表明:火烧迹地不同演替阶段的草本层主要物种的Levins和Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度指数结果基本一致,同一物种在不同演替阶段的生态位宽度存在差异,生态位宽度23 a>5 a>15 a>顶级群落(Climax)。5 a群落有2个特化种2个泛化种,15 a群落有4个特化种2个泛化种,23 a群落仅有3个特化种,Climax群落有3个特化种5个泛化种。23 a群落的高生态位重叠指数的种对数占比最小,而Climax群落有着较少低生态位重叠指数的种对数;中等生态位重叠指数的种对数占总对数比值大小顺序为Climax>5 a>15 a>23 a。通过研究分析可以得出:青藏高原东北边缘云杉-巴山冷杉林经过重度火干扰后,火烧迹地演替初期的群落(5 a)和受人为定向干扰的群落(23 a),植物生境资源丰富,各植物种的生态位宽度都相对较大、生态位重叠较小,相应地种间竞争小;演替中期(15 a),生态位重叠分离现象明显,群落中的大多数种在资源利用上具有极大的相似性,种间竞争加剧;而Climax属于顶级群落,各种的生态位宽度相对较宽,大多数植物种间生态位重叠不高,竞争较小,群落处于一个相对稳定的状态。除了Climax群落,其他各演替阶段群落所含特化种占特化种与泛化种之和比≥50%,特定的生境促使特化种的形成。适当的人为干预能够提高群落内种的生态位宽度,降低种间的生态位重叠,形成较为稳定的生态群落。
周晓雷, 杨富强, 王明军, 黄海霞, 田青, 周旭姣, 赵安, 贺万鹏, 赵艳丽, 姜礼红. 青藏高原东北边缘云杉-巴山冷杉林火烧迹地草本植物群落主要种生态位特征[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(7): 23-37.
Xiao-lei ZHOU, Fu-qiang YANG, Ming-jun WANG, Hai-xia HUANG, Qing TIAN, Xu-jiao ZHOU, An ZHAO, Wan-peng HE, Yan-li ZHAO, Li-hong JIANG. Important species’ niche characteristics of population in herbaceous communities at Picea asperata-Abies fargesii forest burned area on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(7): 23-37.
演替阶段Succession stages | 林场 Forest station | 林火发生年Year of forest fire | 火灾强度 Fire intensity | 管护措施 Management and protection measures | 坡向 Aspect | 坡度 Slope (°) | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 土壤类型 Soil type | 土层深度 Depth of soil layer (cm) | 群落组成及优势种 Composition and dominant species of herbaceous community |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 a | 达拉Dala | 2016 | 高强度火烧High fire intensity | 封禁Closure | 北North、东北Northeast | 30~44 | 2581~2870 | 棕壤Brown soil | 40~200 | 31科63属76种,优势种有密生薹草、总状橐吾、婆婆纳和草地风毛菊。76 species 63 genus in 31 families, dominant species include C. crebra, L. botryodes, Veronica polita and Saussurea amara. |
15 a | 益哇Yiwa | 2005 | 高强度火烧High fire intensity | 封禁Closure | 北North、东北Northeast、西北Northwest、东East | 22~52 | 2981~3390 | 灰棕壤Gray brown soil | 49~107 | 21科41属46种,优势种有密生薹草、高山冷蕨、唐古拉婆婆纳和野草莓。46 species 41 genus in 21 families, dominant species include C. crebra, C. montana, Veronica vandellioides and F. vesca. |
23 a | 那盖Nagai | 1997 | 高强度火烧High fire intensity | 封禁,但在2011年清除枯落物1次Closure, litters cleared out in 2011 | 北North、东北Northeast、西北Northwest | 27~38 | 2680~3100 | 灰棕壤Gray brown soil | 52~210 | 22科34属39种,优势种有密生薹草、高山冷蕨、藜和猪殃殃。39 species 34 genus in 22 families, dominant species include C. crebra, C. montana, Chenopodium album and Galium spurium. |
顶级群落 Climax community | 益哇、达拉、那盖Yiwa, Dala and Nagai | 无No | 无No | 封禁Closure | 北North、东北Northeast、西北Northwest、东East | 21~54 | 2575~3410 | 棕壤、灰棕壤Brown soil,gray brown soil | 36~308 | 29科54属65种,优势种有密生薹草、高山冷蕨、高山露珠草和中华蹄盖蕨。65 species 54 genus in 29 families, dominant species include C. crebra, C. montana, Circaea alpina and Athyrium sinense. |
表1 不同演替阶段草本植物群落组成及样地的基本概况
Table 1 Basic situation of herbaceous communities and the sampling sites at different succession stages
演替阶段Succession stages | 林场 Forest station | 林火发生年Year of forest fire | 火灾强度 Fire intensity | 管护措施 Management and protection measures | 坡向 Aspect | 坡度 Slope (°) | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 土壤类型 Soil type | 土层深度 Depth of soil layer (cm) | 群落组成及优势种 Composition and dominant species of herbaceous community |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 a | 达拉Dala | 2016 | 高强度火烧High fire intensity | 封禁Closure | 北North、东北Northeast | 30~44 | 2581~2870 | 棕壤Brown soil | 40~200 | 31科63属76种,优势种有密生薹草、总状橐吾、婆婆纳和草地风毛菊。76 species 63 genus in 31 families, dominant species include C. crebra, L. botryodes, Veronica polita and Saussurea amara. |
15 a | 益哇Yiwa | 2005 | 高强度火烧High fire intensity | 封禁Closure | 北North、东北Northeast、西北Northwest、东East | 22~52 | 2981~3390 | 灰棕壤Gray brown soil | 49~107 | 21科41属46种,优势种有密生薹草、高山冷蕨、唐古拉婆婆纳和野草莓。46 species 41 genus in 21 families, dominant species include C. crebra, C. montana, Veronica vandellioides and F. vesca. |
23 a | 那盖Nagai | 1997 | 高强度火烧High fire intensity | 封禁,但在2011年清除枯落物1次Closure, litters cleared out in 2011 | 北North、东北Northeast、西北Northwest | 27~38 | 2680~3100 | 灰棕壤Gray brown soil | 52~210 | 22科34属39种,优势种有密生薹草、高山冷蕨、藜和猪殃殃。39 species 34 genus in 22 families, dominant species include C. crebra, C. montana, Chenopodium album and Galium spurium. |
顶级群落 Climax community | 益哇、达拉、那盖Yiwa, Dala and Nagai | 无No | 无No | 封禁Closure | 北North、东北Northeast、西北Northwest、东East | 21~54 | 2575~3410 | 棕壤、灰棕壤Brown soil,gray brown soil | 36~308 | 29科54属65种,优势种有密生薹草、高山冷蕨、高山露珠草和中华蹄盖蕨。65 species 54 genus in 29 families, dominant species include C. crebra, C. montana, Circaea alpina and Athyrium sinense. |
序号No. | 种 Species | 5 a | 15 a | 23 a | 顶级群落Climax | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Levins | Shannon | Levins | Shannon | Levins | Shannon | Levins | Shannon | ||
1 | 密生薹草C. crebra | 15.18 | 2.83 | 13.35 | 2.72 | 3.65 | 1.92 | 3.72 | 1.35 |
2 | 椭圆叶花锚Halenia elliptica | 12.25 | 2.70 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
3 | 白叶蒿Artemisia leucophylla | 10.67 | 2.50 | — | — | 4.28 | 1.52 | — | — |
4 | 青蒿Artemisia caruifolia | 6.10 | 1.87 | 5.53 | 1.81 | — | — | — | — |
5 | 艾Artemisia argyi | — | — | 6.26 | 2.04 | — | — | — | — |
6 | 总状橐吾L. botryodes | 9.59 | 2.45 | 8.81 | 2.42 | 3.28 | 1.47 | 3.79 | 1.44 |
7 | 掌叶橐吾Ligularia przewalskii | 5.86 | 1.94 | 2.68 | 1.12 | 2.89 | 1.08 | — | — |
8 | 箭叶橐吾Ligularia sagitta | 7.37 | 2.13 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
9 | 婆婆纳V. polita | 7.51 | 2.26 | 6.28 | 1.98 | — | — | 8.86 | 2.28 |
10 | 变豆菜Sanicula chinensis | 9.27 | 2.36 | 2.54 | 1.07 | — | — | — | — |
11 | 猪殃殃G. spurium | 9.99 | 2.36 | — | — | 14.84 | 2.73 | 8.79 | 2.26 |
12 | 草地风毛菊S. amara | 6.31 | 2.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
13 | 大耳叶风毛菊Saussurea macrota | — | — | 2.92 | 1.29 | — | — | — | — |
14 | 川甘风毛菊Saussurea acroura | — | — | — | — | 2.13 | 0.90 | — | — |
15 | 草玉梅Anemone rivularis | 6.40 | 2.10 | — | — | — | — | 5.99 | 1.97 |
16 | 三脉紫菀Aster trinervius subsp. ageratoides | 6.54 | 2.00 | 2.71 | 1.27 | — | — | 6.61 | 1.96 |
17 | 长瓣铁线莲Clematis macropetala | 6.76 | 1.98 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
18 | 平车前Plantago depressa | 5.74 | 1.89 | — | — | 8.06 | 2.17 | — | — |
19 | 车前Plantago asiatica | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6.40 | 1.95 |
20 | 单叶细辛Asarum himalaicum | 5.07 | 1.84 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
21 | 珠子参Panax japonicus var. major | 7.14 | 2.03 | 7.45 | 2.14 | 3.57 | 1.33 | — | — |
22 | 高山冷蕨C. montana | 6.42 | 1.96 | 9.25 | 2.44 | 9.05 | 2.27 | 6.09 | 1.92 |
23 | 中华蹄盖蕨A. sinense | 6.07 | 1.92 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
24 | 烟管头草Carpesium cernuum | 6.37 | 1.89 | 4.41 | 1.62 | — | — | — | — |
25 | 狭穗八宝Hylotelephium angustum | — | — | 9.56 | 2.50 | — | — | — | — |
26 | 接骨草Sambucus chinensis | — | — | 7.38 | 2.20 | — | — | — | — |
27 | 茜草Rubia cordifolia | — | — | 4.56 | 1.81 | — | — | 7.69 | 2.11 |
28 | 尼泊尔蓼Polygonum nepalense | — | — | 10.13 | 2.63 | — | — | — | — |
29 | 腺点柔毛蓼Polygonum sparsipilosum | — | — | 10.66 | 2.54 | — | — | — | — |
30 | 珠芽蓼Polygonum viviparum | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10.97 | 2.55 |
31 | 升麻Cimicifuga foetida | — | — | — | — | 5.00 | 1.70 | — | — |
32 | 单穗升麻C. simplex | — | — | 5.20 | 1.85 | — | — | 8.00 | 2.14 |
33 | 唐古拉婆婆纳V. vandellioides | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5.39 | 1.89 |
34 | 秦艽Gentiana macrophylla | — | — | 5.11 | 1.74 | — | — | — | — |
35 | 老鹳草Geranium wilfordii | — | — | 4.11 | 1.57 | — | — | — | — |
36 | 委陵菜Potentilla chinensis | — | — | — | — | 4.37 | 1.66 | — | — |
37 | 毛金腰Chrysosplenium pilosum | — | — | — | — | 5.62 | 1.81 | — | — |
38 | 长梗金腰Chrysosplenium axillare | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9.03 | 2.29 |
39 | 莛子藨Triosteum pinnatifidum | — | — | — | — | 5.33 | 1.73 | — | — |
40 | 林荫千里光Senecio nemorensis | — | — | — | — | 4.44 | 1.54 | — | — |
41 | 高山露珠草C. alpina | — | — | — | — | 3.70 | 1.42 | 5.85 | 1.87 |
42 | 甘青剪股颖Agrostis hugoniana | — | — | — | — | 4.84 | 1.59 | — | — |
43 | 酢浆草Oxalis corniculata | — | — | — | — | 2.69 | 1.17 | — | — |
44 | 亚欧唐松草Thalictrum minus | — | — | — | — | 2.91 | 1.08 | — | — |
45 | 歪头菜Vicia unijuga | — | — | — | — | 2.57 | 1.01 | 6.45 | 1.96 |
46 | 茖葱Allium victorialis | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9.57 | 2.44 |
47 | 北方拉拉藤Galium boreale | — | — | — | — | 5.32 | 1.79 | — | — |
48 | 小银莲花Anemone exigua | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7.38 | 2.10 |
49 | 糙苏Phlomis umbrosa | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8.26 | 2.20 |
50 | 路边青Geum aleppicum | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7.58 | 2.09 |
51 | 窃衣Torilis scabra | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8.00 | 2.14 |
52 | 野草莓F. vesca | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5.05 | 1.79 |
53 | 短毛独活Heracleum moellendorffii | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7.11 | 2.01 |
表2 火烧迹地草本层优势物种生态位宽度
Table 2 Niche breadth of dominant species in the herbaceous layer at burned area
序号No. | 种 Species | 5 a | 15 a | 23 a | 顶级群落Climax | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Levins | Shannon | Levins | Shannon | Levins | Shannon | Levins | Shannon | ||
1 | 密生薹草C. crebra | 15.18 | 2.83 | 13.35 | 2.72 | 3.65 | 1.92 | 3.72 | 1.35 |
2 | 椭圆叶花锚Halenia elliptica | 12.25 | 2.70 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
3 | 白叶蒿Artemisia leucophylla | 10.67 | 2.50 | — | — | 4.28 | 1.52 | — | — |
4 | 青蒿Artemisia caruifolia | 6.10 | 1.87 | 5.53 | 1.81 | — | — | — | — |
5 | 艾Artemisia argyi | — | — | 6.26 | 2.04 | — | — | — | — |
6 | 总状橐吾L. botryodes | 9.59 | 2.45 | 8.81 | 2.42 | 3.28 | 1.47 | 3.79 | 1.44 |
7 | 掌叶橐吾Ligularia przewalskii | 5.86 | 1.94 | 2.68 | 1.12 | 2.89 | 1.08 | — | — |
8 | 箭叶橐吾Ligularia sagitta | 7.37 | 2.13 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
9 | 婆婆纳V. polita | 7.51 | 2.26 | 6.28 | 1.98 | — | — | 8.86 | 2.28 |
10 | 变豆菜Sanicula chinensis | 9.27 | 2.36 | 2.54 | 1.07 | — | — | — | — |
11 | 猪殃殃G. spurium | 9.99 | 2.36 | — | — | 14.84 | 2.73 | 8.79 | 2.26 |
12 | 草地风毛菊S. amara | 6.31 | 2.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
13 | 大耳叶风毛菊Saussurea macrota | — | — | 2.92 | 1.29 | — | — | — | — |
14 | 川甘风毛菊Saussurea acroura | — | — | — | — | 2.13 | 0.90 | — | — |
15 | 草玉梅Anemone rivularis | 6.40 | 2.10 | — | — | — | — | 5.99 | 1.97 |
16 | 三脉紫菀Aster trinervius subsp. ageratoides | 6.54 | 2.00 | 2.71 | 1.27 | — | — | 6.61 | 1.96 |
17 | 长瓣铁线莲Clematis macropetala | 6.76 | 1.98 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
18 | 平车前Plantago depressa | 5.74 | 1.89 | — | — | 8.06 | 2.17 | — | — |
19 | 车前Plantago asiatica | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6.40 | 1.95 |
20 | 单叶细辛Asarum himalaicum | 5.07 | 1.84 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
21 | 珠子参Panax japonicus var. major | 7.14 | 2.03 | 7.45 | 2.14 | 3.57 | 1.33 | — | — |
22 | 高山冷蕨C. montana | 6.42 | 1.96 | 9.25 | 2.44 | 9.05 | 2.27 | 6.09 | 1.92 |
23 | 中华蹄盖蕨A. sinense | 6.07 | 1.92 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
24 | 烟管头草Carpesium cernuum | 6.37 | 1.89 | 4.41 | 1.62 | — | — | — | — |
25 | 狭穗八宝Hylotelephium angustum | — | — | 9.56 | 2.50 | — | — | — | — |
26 | 接骨草Sambucus chinensis | — | — | 7.38 | 2.20 | — | — | — | — |
27 | 茜草Rubia cordifolia | — | — | 4.56 | 1.81 | — | — | 7.69 | 2.11 |
28 | 尼泊尔蓼Polygonum nepalense | — | — | 10.13 | 2.63 | — | — | — | — |
29 | 腺点柔毛蓼Polygonum sparsipilosum | — | — | 10.66 | 2.54 | — | — | — | — |
30 | 珠芽蓼Polygonum viviparum | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10.97 | 2.55 |
31 | 升麻Cimicifuga foetida | — | — | — | — | 5.00 | 1.70 | — | — |
32 | 单穗升麻C. simplex | — | — | 5.20 | 1.85 | — | — | 8.00 | 2.14 |
33 | 唐古拉婆婆纳V. vandellioides | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5.39 | 1.89 |
34 | 秦艽Gentiana macrophylla | — | — | 5.11 | 1.74 | — | — | — | — |
35 | 老鹳草Geranium wilfordii | — | — | 4.11 | 1.57 | — | — | — | — |
36 | 委陵菜Potentilla chinensis | — | — | — | — | 4.37 | 1.66 | — | — |
37 | 毛金腰Chrysosplenium pilosum | — | — | — | — | 5.62 | 1.81 | — | — |
38 | 长梗金腰Chrysosplenium axillare | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9.03 | 2.29 |
39 | 莛子藨Triosteum pinnatifidum | — | — | — | — | 5.33 | 1.73 | — | — |
40 | 林荫千里光Senecio nemorensis | — | — | — | — | 4.44 | 1.54 | — | — |
41 | 高山露珠草C. alpina | — | — | — | — | 3.70 | 1.42 | 5.85 | 1.87 |
42 | 甘青剪股颖Agrostis hugoniana | — | — | — | — | 4.84 | 1.59 | — | — |
43 | 酢浆草Oxalis corniculata | — | — | — | — | 2.69 | 1.17 | — | — |
44 | 亚欧唐松草Thalictrum minus | — | — | — | — | 2.91 | 1.08 | — | — |
45 | 歪头菜Vicia unijuga | — | — | — | — | 2.57 | 1.01 | 6.45 | 1.96 |
46 | 茖葱Allium victorialis | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9.57 | 2.44 |
47 | 北方拉拉藤Galium boreale | — | — | — | — | 5.32 | 1.79 | — | — |
48 | 小银莲花Anemone exigua | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7.38 | 2.10 |
49 | 糙苏Phlomis umbrosa | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8.26 | 2.20 |
50 | 路边青Geum aleppicum | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7.58 | 2.09 |
51 | 窃衣Torilis scabra | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8.00 | 2.14 |
52 | 野草莓F. vesca | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5.05 | 1.79 |
53 | 短毛独活Heracleum moellendorffii | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7.11 | 2.01 |
群落 Community | 物种 Species | 生态位宽度 指数实际值 Observed | 重排模拟后生态位宽度指数零分布均值Mean.simulated | 95%置信区间下限LowCI | 95%置信区间上限UppCI | 划分结果 Sign | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Levins | Shannon | Levins | Shannon | Levins | Shannon | Levins | Shannon | Levins | Shannon | ||
5 a | 椭圆叶花锚H. elliptica | 12.25 | 2.70 | 8.43 | 2.28 | 5.33 | 1.93 | 11.65 | 2.57 | 泛化种Generalist | 泛化种Generalist |
婆婆纳V. polita | 7.51 | 2.26 | 11.87 | 2.61 | 8.62 | 2.38 | 14.70 | 2.79 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
平车前P. depressa | 5.74 | 1.89 | 9.01 | 2.34 | 5.90 | 2.00 | 12.02 | 2.61 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
珠子参P. japonicus var. major | 7.14 | 2.03 | 4.10 | 1.49 | 2.17 | 0.94 | 6.25 | 1.89 | 泛化种Generalist | 泛化种Generalist | |
猪殃殃G. spurium | 9.99 | 6.86 | 3.81 | 9.86 | 泛化种Generalist | ||||||
15 a | 腺点柔毛蓼P. sparsipilosum | 10.66 | 2.54 | 7.34 | 2.14 | 4.48 | 1.79 | 10.46 | 2.46 | 泛化种Generalist | 泛化种Generalist |
茜草R. cordifolia | 4.56 | 1.81 | 7.98 | 2.23 | 4.95 | 1.87 | 11.11 | 2.52 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
珠子参P. japonicus var. major | 7.45 | 2.13 | 4.85 | 1.69 | 2.68 | 1.21 | 7.25 | 2.10 | 泛化种Generalist | 泛化种Generalist | |
三脉紫菀A. trinervius subsp. ageratoides | 2.71 | 1.27 | 5.97 | 1.92 | 3.34 | 1.45 | 8.87 | 2.29 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
大耳叶风毛菊S. macrota | 2.92 | 1.29 | 5.61 | 1.86 | 3.07 | 1.38 | 8.34 | 2.24 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
变豆菜S. chinensis | 2.54 | 1.07 | 5.72 | 1.88 | 3.27 | 1.45 | 8.34 | 2.23 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
23 a | 猪殃殃G. spurium | 14.84 | 2.73 | 6.00 | 1.94 | 3.32 | 1.49 | 8.75 | 2.30 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist |
平车前P. depressa | 8.06 | 2.17 | 4.78 | 1.69 | 2.45 | 1.11 | 7.29 | 2.11 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
莛子藨T. pinnatifidum | 5.33 | 1.73 | 2.83 | 1.08 | 1.28 | 0.38 | 4.57 | 1.67 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
Climax | 珠芽蓼P. viviparum | 10.97 | 2.55 | 7.56 | 2.16 | 4.74 | 1.78 | 10.30 | 2.46 | 泛化种Generalist | 泛化种Generalist |
猪殃殃G. spurium | 8.79 | 2.26 | 5.82 | 1.89 | 3.39 | 1.47 | 8.60 | 2.25 | 泛化种Generalist | 泛化种Generalist | |
单穗升麻C. simplex | 8.00 | 2.14 | 3.92 | 1.45 | 2.00 | 0.87 | 6.00 | 1.86 | 泛化种Generalist | 泛化种Generalist | |
草玉梅A. rivularis | 5.99 | 1.97 | 9.80 | 2.42 | 6.99 | 2.17 | 12.68 | 2.65 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
茜草R. cordifolia | 7.69 | 2.11 | 4.64 | 1.64 | 2.47 | 1.14 | 7.14 | 2.07 | 泛化种Generalist | 泛化种Generalist | |
野草莓F. vesca | 5.05 | 1.79 | 8.02 | 2.23 | 5.15 | 1.87 | 11.06 | 2.52 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
短毛独活H. moellendorffii | 7.11 | 2.01 | 4.32 | 1.56 | 2.37 | 1.04 | 6.40 | 1.98 | 泛化种Generalist | 泛化种Generalist | |
高山露珠草C. alpina | 5.85 | 1.87 | 9.74 | 2.42 | 6.89 | 2.15 | 12.62 | 2.65 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
高山冷蕨C. montana | 1.92 | 2.32 | 2.00 | 2.59 | 特化种Specialist | ||||||
茖葱A. victorialis | 2.44 | 2.04 | 1.68 | 2.36 | 泛化种Generalist |
表3 火烧迹地草本层优势物种特化种与泛化种
Table 3 Specialized species and generalized species of dominant species in the herbaceous layer at burned areas
群落 Community | 物种 Species | 生态位宽度 指数实际值 Observed | 重排模拟后生态位宽度指数零分布均值Mean.simulated | 95%置信区间下限LowCI | 95%置信区间上限UppCI | 划分结果 Sign | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Levins | Shannon | Levins | Shannon | Levins | Shannon | Levins | Shannon | Levins | Shannon | ||
5 a | 椭圆叶花锚H. elliptica | 12.25 | 2.70 | 8.43 | 2.28 | 5.33 | 1.93 | 11.65 | 2.57 | 泛化种Generalist | 泛化种Generalist |
婆婆纳V. polita | 7.51 | 2.26 | 11.87 | 2.61 | 8.62 | 2.38 | 14.70 | 2.79 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
平车前P. depressa | 5.74 | 1.89 | 9.01 | 2.34 | 5.90 | 2.00 | 12.02 | 2.61 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
珠子参P. japonicus var. major | 7.14 | 2.03 | 4.10 | 1.49 | 2.17 | 0.94 | 6.25 | 1.89 | 泛化种Generalist | 泛化种Generalist | |
猪殃殃G. spurium | 9.99 | 6.86 | 3.81 | 9.86 | 泛化种Generalist | ||||||
15 a | 腺点柔毛蓼P. sparsipilosum | 10.66 | 2.54 | 7.34 | 2.14 | 4.48 | 1.79 | 10.46 | 2.46 | 泛化种Generalist | 泛化种Generalist |
茜草R. cordifolia | 4.56 | 1.81 | 7.98 | 2.23 | 4.95 | 1.87 | 11.11 | 2.52 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
珠子参P. japonicus var. major | 7.45 | 2.13 | 4.85 | 1.69 | 2.68 | 1.21 | 7.25 | 2.10 | 泛化种Generalist | 泛化种Generalist | |
三脉紫菀A. trinervius subsp. ageratoides | 2.71 | 1.27 | 5.97 | 1.92 | 3.34 | 1.45 | 8.87 | 2.29 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
大耳叶风毛菊S. macrota | 2.92 | 1.29 | 5.61 | 1.86 | 3.07 | 1.38 | 8.34 | 2.24 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
变豆菜S. chinensis | 2.54 | 1.07 | 5.72 | 1.88 | 3.27 | 1.45 | 8.34 | 2.23 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
23 a | 猪殃殃G. spurium | 14.84 | 2.73 | 6.00 | 1.94 | 3.32 | 1.49 | 8.75 | 2.30 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist |
平车前P. depressa | 8.06 | 2.17 | 4.78 | 1.69 | 2.45 | 1.11 | 7.29 | 2.11 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
莛子藨T. pinnatifidum | 5.33 | 1.73 | 2.83 | 1.08 | 1.28 | 0.38 | 4.57 | 1.67 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
Climax | 珠芽蓼P. viviparum | 10.97 | 2.55 | 7.56 | 2.16 | 4.74 | 1.78 | 10.30 | 2.46 | 泛化种Generalist | 泛化种Generalist |
猪殃殃G. spurium | 8.79 | 2.26 | 5.82 | 1.89 | 3.39 | 1.47 | 8.60 | 2.25 | 泛化种Generalist | 泛化种Generalist | |
单穗升麻C. simplex | 8.00 | 2.14 | 3.92 | 1.45 | 2.00 | 0.87 | 6.00 | 1.86 | 泛化种Generalist | 泛化种Generalist | |
草玉梅A. rivularis | 5.99 | 1.97 | 9.80 | 2.42 | 6.99 | 2.17 | 12.68 | 2.65 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
茜草R. cordifolia | 7.69 | 2.11 | 4.64 | 1.64 | 2.47 | 1.14 | 7.14 | 2.07 | 泛化种Generalist | 泛化种Generalist | |
野草莓F. vesca | 5.05 | 1.79 | 8.02 | 2.23 | 5.15 | 1.87 | 11.06 | 2.52 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
短毛独活H. moellendorffii | 7.11 | 2.01 | 4.32 | 1.56 | 2.37 | 1.04 | 6.40 | 1.98 | 泛化种Generalist | 泛化种Generalist | |
高山露珠草C. alpina | 5.85 | 1.87 | 9.74 | 2.42 | 6.89 | 2.15 | 12.62 | 2.65 | 特化种Specialist | 特化种Specialist | |
高山冷蕨C. montana | 1.92 | 2.32 | 2.00 | 2.59 | 特化种Specialist | ||||||
茖葱A. victorialis | 2.44 | 2.04 | 1.68 | 2.36 | 泛化种Generalist |
图3 5 a演替阶段群落主要种生态位重叠半矩阵图左图Schoener,右图Pianka。图中生态位重叠指数越大,圆圈越大,颜色向深红色渐变;系数趋近于0时,生态位重叠指数越小,圆圈越小,颜色向深蓝色渐变。下同。The left picture is Schoener. The right picture is Pianka. The larger the niche overlap index, the larger the circle, and the color gradually changes to dark red. When the coefficient approaches 0, the niche overlap index decreases and the color changes to dark blue. The same below. 三脉紫菀A. trinervius subsp. Ageratoides; 3: 青蒿A. caruifolia; 4: 白叶蒿A. leucophylla; 7: 总状橐吾L. botryodes; 8: 掌叶橐吾L. przewalskii; 9: 箭叶橐吾 L. sagitta; 10: 烟管头草 C. cernuum; 14: 草地风毛菊S. amara; 20: 草玉梅A. rivularis; 24: 长瓣铁线莲 C. macropetala; 40: 平车前P. depressa; 41: 婆婆纳V. polita; 52: 密生薹草C. crebra; 56: 椭圆叶花锚H. elliptica; 57: 单叶细辛A. himalaicum; 60: 猪殃殃G. spurium; 63: 变豆菜S. chinensis; 68: 珠子参P. japonicus var. major; 74: 高山冷蕨C. montana; 75: 中华蹄盖蕨A. sinense.
Fig.3 Lower matrix niche overlap in the herbaceous layer at 5 years succession stage
图4 15 a演替阶段群落主要种生态位重叠半矩阵图1: 艾A. argyi; 2: 青蒿A. caruifolia; 3: 大耳叶风毛菊 S. macrota; 5: 三脉紫菀A. trinervius subsp. ageratoides; 7: 烟管头草C. cernuum; 9: 掌叶橐吾L. przewalskii; 10: 总状橐吾L. botryodes; 12: 变豆菜S. chinensis; 19: 高山冷蕨C. montana; 25: 单穗升麻C. simplex; 26: 接骨草S. chinensis; 28: 老鹳草G. wilfordii; 31: 密生薹草C. crebra; 32: 尼泊尔蓼P. nepalense; 33: 腺点柔毛蓼P. sparsipilosum; 36: 茜草R. cordifolia; 38: 秦艽G. macrophylla; 40: 唐古拉婆婆纳V. vandellioides; 41: 狭穗八宝H. angustum; 46: 珠子参P. japonicus var. major.
Fig.4 Lower matrix niche overlap in the herbaceous layer at 15 years succession stage
图5 23 a演替阶段群落主要种生态位重叠半矩阵图2: 川甘风毛菊S. acroura; 3: 掌叶橐吾L. przewalskii; 4: 总状橐吾L. botryodes; 6: 白叶蒿A. leucophylla; 10: 林荫千里光S. nemorensis; 13: 委陵菜P. chinensis; 15: 高山露珠草C. alpina; 16: 毛金腰C. pilosum; 17: 升麻C. foetida; 18: 亚欧唐松草T. minus; 20: 歪头菜 V. unijuga; 21: 珠子参 P. japonicus var. major; 22: 猪殃殃G. spurium; 24: 北方拉拉藤G. boreale; 28: 甘青剪股颖A. hugoniana; 30: 密生薹草C. crebra; 33: 莛子藨T. pinnatifidum; 34: 酢浆草O. corniculata; 36: 平车前P. depressa; 37: 高山冷蕨 C. montana.
Fig.5 Lower matrix niche overlap in the herbaceous layer at 23 years succession stage
图6 Climax演替阶段群落主要种生态位重叠半矩阵图8: 三脉紫菀A. trinervius subsp. ageratoides; 10: 野草莓F. vesca; 11: 路边青G. aleppicum; 13: 珠芽蓼P. viviparum; 18: 单穗升麻C. simplex; 21: 小银莲花A. exigua; 22: 草玉梅A. rivularis; 26: 短毛独活H. moellendorffii; 30: 窃衣T. scabra; 32: 婆婆纳V. polita; 33: 唐古拉婆婆纳V. vandellioides; 34: 车前P. asiatica; 37: 糙苏 P. umbrosa; 40: 长梗金腰C. axillare; 42: 猪殃殃G. spurium; 44: 茜草R. cordifolia; 52: 高山露珠草C. alpina; 53: 高山冷蕨C. montana; 60: 歪头菜V. unijuga; 63: 茖葱A. victorialis.
Fig.6 Lower matrix of niche overlap in the herbaceous layer at Climax succession stage
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