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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 1-18.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023185

• 研究论文 •    

1980-2020年贵州省草地空间分布格局演变及驱动力分析

余万洋1(), 陈怡帆1, 方发永1, 张金鑫2(), 李舟3, 赵龙山1()   

  1. 1.贵州大学林学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
    2.中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所,国家林业和草原局草原研究中心,北京 100091
    3.贵州大学动物科学学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-31 修回日期:2023-06-28 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2023-11-23
  • 通讯作者: 张金鑫,赵龙山
  • 作者简介:longshanzh@163.com
    E-mail: zhang_jin_xin@163.com
    余万洋(1996-),男,贵州六盘水人,在读博士。E-mail: wanyangyu2022@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省林业科研项目(黔林科合[2022]23号);贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑[2022]一般202)资助

An analysis of grassland spatial distribution and driving forces of patterns of change in grassland distribution in Guizhou Province from 1980 to 2020

Wan-yang YU1(), Yi-fan CHEN1, Fa-yong FANG1, Jin-xin ZHANG2(), Zhou LI3, Long-shan ZHAO1()   

  1. 1.College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China
    2.Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Grassland Research Center,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091,China
    3.College of Animal Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China
  • Received:2023-05-31 Revised:2023-06-28 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2023-11-23
  • Contact: Jin-xin ZHANG,Long-shan ZHAO

摘要:

草地在喀斯特地区石漠化治理和畜牧业发展中发挥重要作用,探明草地空间分布格局演变特征及其驱动力,对维护区域草地生态功能,实现可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究基于土地利用数据集,分析贵州省1980-2020年草地空间转移特征,将景观格局与空间自相关相结合,深入识别草地空间分布格局演化规律及有效管理区域,并利用地理探测器量化草地空间分布格局演变的驱动力。结果表明:1)40年来,贵州省草地面积变化可划分为增长期(1980-2000年)、衰退期(2000-2015年)、恢复期(2015-2020年)3个阶段,草地面积总体上减少了176.88 km2。发生变化区域集中在西部与南部地区,以草地和林地、耕地之间的转移为主,草地总体空间分布格局表现出“西部与南部高,东部与北部低”的特征;2)草地整体景观破碎程度增加,聚合度降低,形状趋于复杂,区县尺度的草地斑块更破碎和分散,但形状更规则;3)草地全局空间自相关程度减弱,局部自相关存在高-高聚集和低-高聚集的空间聚类现象,且集中分布在西部与南部地区;4)草地空间分布格局主要受自然因素的影响,海拔是主导因子,解释力最高,为42.9%。双因子的交互作用可增强对草地空间分布格局的解释力,海拔与牧业产值、年平均气温、人口密度、GDP均存在较强的交互作用,在海拔主导的草地总体分布格局下,区域间社会经济因素的不同和变化显著影响草地空间分布格局的演变,同时地区政策起重要导向作用。

关键词: 草地, 空间分布动态, 景观格局, 空间自相关, 驱动因素, 贵州省

Abstract:

Grassland plays an important role in controlling rocky desertification and supporting animal husbandry in karst areas. Information about grassland spatial distribution patterns and driving forces of change in grassland patterns in karst areas is important for planning maintenance of regional grassland ecological functions and achieving sustainable development. Based on land-use datasets, in this study, we analyzed the spatial patterns and changes of grassland distribution in Guizhou Province from 1980 to 2020. Combined the landscape pattern and spatial autocorrelation to deeply identified the evolution law of grassland spatial distribution patterns and effective management areas. And quantified the driving forces of the spatial distribution patterns evolution of grassland by using geographic detector. It was found that: 1)In the past 40 years, the change of grassland area in Guizhou Province can be divided into three stages: a growth period (1980-2000), a decline period (2000-2015) and a recovery period (2015-2020), with an overall decrease from 1980 to 2020 of 176.88 km2. The areas that have undergone changes mainly occurred in the western and southern regions of Guizhou Province, with the main changes being transfer between grassland, forest, and cultivated land. The overall spatial occurrence of grassland could be summarized as “high in the west and south, low in the east and north”. 2)Over time from 1980 to 2020, the degree of fragmentation of grassland increased, the degree of aggregation decreased, and the shape tended to become complex. Grassland patches at the county level are more fragmented and scattered, but their shapes are more regular, than at provincial level. 3)The Anselin Local Moran’s I tool was used to assess the uniformity of aggregation. Using this analytical approach, the spatial clustering patterns of high-high aggregation and low-high aggregation, concentrated in the western and southern regions, were detected. 4)The spatial distribution pattern of grassland was affected mainly by natural factors, among which elevation was the dominant factor, explaining up to 42.9% of data variation for grassland spatial distribution. The power of elevation to explain grassland spatial distribution pattern was enhanced by considering other factors as statistically interacting with elevation, in particular livestock industry output, mean annual temperature, density of population and GDP. Under the overall distribution pattern of grassland dominated by elevation, the differences and changes in social and economic factors between regions significantly affected the evolution of grassland spatial distribution patterns, and regional policies also played an important guiding role.

Key words: grassland, spatial distribution dynamics, landscape pattern, spatial autocorrelation, driving factors, Guizhou Province