草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 112-124.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023113
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2023-04-11
修回日期:
2023-06-14
出版日期:
2024-02-20
发布日期:
2023-12-12
通讯作者:
刘晓静
作者简介:
E-mail: liuxj@gsau.edu.cn基金资助:
Ying TANG(), Xiao-jing LIU(), Ya-jiao ZHAO, Lin DONG
Received:
2023-04-11
Revised:
2023-06-14
Online:
2024-02-20
Published:
2023-12-12
Contact:
Xiao-jing LIU
摘要:
为精细化调控不同地区紫花苜蓿青贮乳酸菌及青贮品质,采用单分子实时测序技术对甘肃不同地区紫花苜蓿叶面附生乳酸菌及青贮乳酸菌群落结构进行全面分析,并探讨影响其变化的因素。结果表明,甘肃不同地区紫花苜蓿自然青贮过程中乳酸菌的群落结构具有区域性的分布特征,在河西干旱灌区,以植物乳杆菌为主;在陇中、陇东干旱半干旱雨养区以植物乳酸菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌和戊糖片球菌为主;在雨水充沛湿热的陇南地区,以乳酸片球菌和戊糖片球菌为主;在高寒的甘南州地区,以植物乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌为主。通过冗余分析发现,紫花苜蓿附生乳酸菌群落对青贮乳酸菌群落组成影响最大(解释度为88.27%),其中乳酸杆菌属、片球菌属起主要作用。同时,影响紫花苜蓿附生乳酸菌分布的因素程度大小为年平均气温>年平均降水量>平均相对湿度>年平均日照时数>海拔>纬度>经度。综上所述,不同区域由于其温度和降水的不同改变了紫花苜蓿附生乳酸菌的组成及丰度,进而使紫花苜蓿青贮时乳酸菌的群落结构发生改变。因此,区域性气候条件通过决定紫花苜蓿附生乳酸菌种类,是主导青贮乳酸菌群落呈区域性分布特征的驱动因素。
唐璎, 刘晓静, 赵雅姣, 董霖. 甘肃不同区域青贮紫花苜蓿乳酸菌群落特征及其驱动因子研究[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(2): 112-124.
Ying TANG, Xiao-jing LIU, Ya-jiao ZHAO, Lin DONG. Characteristics and driving factors of lactic acid bacteria communities in silage made from alfalfa in different regions of Gansu Province[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(2): 112-124.
采样点 Sampling sites | 编号 Number | 经度 Longitude(E, °) | 纬度 Latitudes (N, °) | 海拔 Elevation (m) | 年平均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP,mm) | 平均相对湿度 Mean annual humidness (MAH,%) | 年平均气温 Mean annual temperature (MAT,℃) | 年平均日照时数 Average annual sunshine duration (SD,h) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
陇南市文县 Wen County, Longnan City | LW | 104.68 | 32.94 | 1135 | 1000 | 79.32 | 25.0 | 1800 |
陇南市陇县Long County, Longnan City | LL | 104.92 | 33.40 | 1024 | 800 | 76.08 | 23.7 | 2033 |
庆阳市环县 Huan County, Qingyang City | QH | 107.33 | 37.07 | 1555 | 408 | 59.43 | 13.9 | 2518 |
庆阳市西峰区Xifeng District, Qingyang City | QX | 107.88 | 36.63 | 1421 | 527 | 62.31 | 13.7 | 2457 |
平凉市崇信县 Chongxin County, Pingliang City | PC | 107.05 | 35.27 | 1406 | 450 | 60.42 | 13.1 | 2175 |
平凉市泾川县 Jingchuan County, Pingliang City | PJ | 107.38 | 35.31 | 1395 | 555 | 70.20 | 14.4 | 2274 |
天水市武山县 Wushan County, Tianshui City | TW | 104.88 | 34.69 | 1542 | 400 | 59.27 | 15.1 | 2290 |
天水市秦州区 Qinzhou District, Tianshui City | TQ | 105.69 | 34.60 | 1650 | 491 | 64.34 | 14.0 | 2032 |
定西市安定区 Anding District, Dingxi City | DA | 104.57 | 35.57 | 1335 | 430 | 47.38 | 15.3 | 2500 |
定西市通渭县 Tongwei County, Dingxi City | DT | 105.27 | 35.24 | 1470 | 380 | 43.75 | 15.7 | 2250 |
白银市会宁县 Huining County, Baiyin City | BH | 105.08 | 35.72 | 1650 | 407 | 42.81 | 13.2 | 2027 |
白银市靖远县 Jingyuan County, Baiyin City | BJ | 104.71 | 36.54 | 1758 | 340 | 40.31 | 13.9 | 2696 |
兰州市榆中县 Yuzhong County, Lanzhou City | LY | 104.09 | 35.87 | 1519 | 327 | 53.13 | 16.3 | 2446 |
兰州新区 Lanzhou New District,Lanzhou City | LX | 103.25 | 36.73 | 1710 | 360 | 52.70 | 14.3 | 2600 |
武威市凉州区 Liangzhou District, Wuwei City | WL | 102.61 | 37.94 | 2600 | 160 | 39.15 | 10.7 | 2968 |
武威市民勤县 Minqin County, Wuwei City | WM | 103.08 | 38.62 | 2400 | 113 | 44.25 | 9.8 | 3134 |
金昌市永昌县东寨镇Dongzhai Town, Yongchang County, Jinchang City | JDZ | 101.73 | 38.20 | 2440 | 185 | 54.37 | 9.4 | 3100 |
金昌市永昌县水源镇Shuiyuan Town, Yongchang County, Jinchang City | JS | 101.64 | 38.39 | 2494 | 125 | 50.32 | 8.4 | 3028 |
张掖市高台县Gaotai County, Zhangye City | ZG | 99.84 | 40.14 | 2200 | 112 | 42.34 | 8.1 | 3088 |
张掖市肃南县Sunan County, Zhangye City | ZS | 99.57 | 39.06 | 2850 | 126 | 40.35 | 7.5 | 3329 |
张掖市民乐县Minle County, Zhangye City | ZM | 100.85 | 38.43 | 2708 | 388 | 38.31 | 7.5 | 2957 |
酒泉市金塔县Jinta County, Jiuquan City | JJ | 98.92 | 39.97 | 2275 | 147 | 30.47 | 6.3 | 3321 |
酒泉市瓜州县Guazhou County, Jiuquan City | JG | 95.77 | 42.51 | 2177 | 45 | 31.39 | 6.8 | 3200 |
酒泉市玉门市Yumen City, Jiuquan City | JY | 97.58 | 39.81 | 2600 | 63 | 30.06 | 6.9 | 3166 |
酒泉市敦煌Dunhuang City, Jiuquan City | JD | 94.71 | 41.11 | 2139 | 42 | 28.63 | 5.9 | 3246 |
嘉峪关市Jiayuguan City | JYG | 98.50 | 39.71 | 2648 | 85 | 29.48 | 5.2 | 3000 |
甘南州迭部县Diebu County, Gannan Prefecture | GD | 103.23 | 34.08 | 3055 | 434 | 60.21 | 12.5 | 2242 |
甘南州夏河县 Xiahe County, Gannan Prefecture | GX | 102.46 | 34.21 | 3400 | 516 | 57.21 | 10.6 | 2296 |
临夏州积石山县 Jishishan County, Linxia Prefecture | LJ | 102.85 | 34.74 | 3047 | 560 | 62.19 | 10.5 | 2323 |
表1 甘肃不同区域采样点气候因子
Table 1 Climate factors of sampling sites in different regions of Gansu
采样点 Sampling sites | 编号 Number | 经度 Longitude(E, °) | 纬度 Latitudes (N, °) | 海拔 Elevation (m) | 年平均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP,mm) | 平均相对湿度 Mean annual humidness (MAH,%) | 年平均气温 Mean annual temperature (MAT,℃) | 年平均日照时数 Average annual sunshine duration (SD,h) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
陇南市文县 Wen County, Longnan City | LW | 104.68 | 32.94 | 1135 | 1000 | 79.32 | 25.0 | 1800 |
陇南市陇县Long County, Longnan City | LL | 104.92 | 33.40 | 1024 | 800 | 76.08 | 23.7 | 2033 |
庆阳市环县 Huan County, Qingyang City | QH | 107.33 | 37.07 | 1555 | 408 | 59.43 | 13.9 | 2518 |
庆阳市西峰区Xifeng District, Qingyang City | QX | 107.88 | 36.63 | 1421 | 527 | 62.31 | 13.7 | 2457 |
平凉市崇信县 Chongxin County, Pingliang City | PC | 107.05 | 35.27 | 1406 | 450 | 60.42 | 13.1 | 2175 |
平凉市泾川县 Jingchuan County, Pingliang City | PJ | 107.38 | 35.31 | 1395 | 555 | 70.20 | 14.4 | 2274 |
天水市武山县 Wushan County, Tianshui City | TW | 104.88 | 34.69 | 1542 | 400 | 59.27 | 15.1 | 2290 |
天水市秦州区 Qinzhou District, Tianshui City | TQ | 105.69 | 34.60 | 1650 | 491 | 64.34 | 14.0 | 2032 |
定西市安定区 Anding District, Dingxi City | DA | 104.57 | 35.57 | 1335 | 430 | 47.38 | 15.3 | 2500 |
定西市通渭县 Tongwei County, Dingxi City | DT | 105.27 | 35.24 | 1470 | 380 | 43.75 | 15.7 | 2250 |
白银市会宁县 Huining County, Baiyin City | BH | 105.08 | 35.72 | 1650 | 407 | 42.81 | 13.2 | 2027 |
白银市靖远县 Jingyuan County, Baiyin City | BJ | 104.71 | 36.54 | 1758 | 340 | 40.31 | 13.9 | 2696 |
兰州市榆中县 Yuzhong County, Lanzhou City | LY | 104.09 | 35.87 | 1519 | 327 | 53.13 | 16.3 | 2446 |
兰州新区 Lanzhou New District,Lanzhou City | LX | 103.25 | 36.73 | 1710 | 360 | 52.70 | 14.3 | 2600 |
武威市凉州区 Liangzhou District, Wuwei City | WL | 102.61 | 37.94 | 2600 | 160 | 39.15 | 10.7 | 2968 |
武威市民勤县 Minqin County, Wuwei City | WM | 103.08 | 38.62 | 2400 | 113 | 44.25 | 9.8 | 3134 |
金昌市永昌县东寨镇Dongzhai Town, Yongchang County, Jinchang City | JDZ | 101.73 | 38.20 | 2440 | 185 | 54.37 | 9.4 | 3100 |
金昌市永昌县水源镇Shuiyuan Town, Yongchang County, Jinchang City | JS | 101.64 | 38.39 | 2494 | 125 | 50.32 | 8.4 | 3028 |
张掖市高台县Gaotai County, Zhangye City | ZG | 99.84 | 40.14 | 2200 | 112 | 42.34 | 8.1 | 3088 |
张掖市肃南县Sunan County, Zhangye City | ZS | 99.57 | 39.06 | 2850 | 126 | 40.35 | 7.5 | 3329 |
张掖市民乐县Minle County, Zhangye City | ZM | 100.85 | 38.43 | 2708 | 388 | 38.31 | 7.5 | 2957 |
酒泉市金塔县Jinta County, Jiuquan City | JJ | 98.92 | 39.97 | 2275 | 147 | 30.47 | 6.3 | 3321 |
酒泉市瓜州县Guazhou County, Jiuquan City | JG | 95.77 | 42.51 | 2177 | 45 | 31.39 | 6.8 | 3200 |
酒泉市玉门市Yumen City, Jiuquan City | JY | 97.58 | 39.81 | 2600 | 63 | 30.06 | 6.9 | 3166 |
酒泉市敦煌Dunhuang City, Jiuquan City | JD | 94.71 | 41.11 | 2139 | 42 | 28.63 | 5.9 | 3246 |
嘉峪关市Jiayuguan City | JYG | 98.50 | 39.71 | 2648 | 85 | 29.48 | 5.2 | 3000 |
甘南州迭部县Diebu County, Gannan Prefecture | GD | 103.23 | 34.08 | 3055 | 434 | 60.21 | 12.5 | 2242 |
甘南州夏河县 Xiahe County, Gannan Prefecture | GX | 102.46 | 34.21 | 3400 | 516 | 57.21 | 10.6 | 2296 |
临夏州积石山县 Jishishan County, Linxia Prefecture | LJ | 102.85 | 34.74 | 3047 | 560 | 62.19 | 10.5 | 2323 |
采样点 Sampling sites | 紫花苜蓿品种 Alfalfa varieties | 样品来源 Sample source | 可溶性碳水化合物Soluble carbohydrates (WSC) | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP) | 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF) | 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
陇南市文县LW | 甘农5号 Gannong No.5 | 甘肃生源牧业有限责任公司Gansu Shengyuan Animal Husbandry Co, Ltd. | 38.10bc | 184.34d | 345.06a | 454.41a |
陇南市陇县LL | 甘农5号Gannong No.5 | 陇南市美达牧业有限责任公司Longnan Meida Herding Co, Ltd. | 32.17c | 190.26d | 308.75b | 401.26bc |
庆阳市环县QH | 陇东苜蓿Longdong alfalfa | 庆城牧草合作社Qingcheng Forage Cooperative | 39.49b | 206.02cd | 283.42bc | 383.27c |
庆阳市西峰区QX | 陇东苜蓿Longdong alfalfa | 甘肃陇东克劳沃草业有限公司Gansu Longdong Crawford Grass Industry Co, Ltd. | 30.40c | 208.21cd | 210.78d | 362.53cd |
平凉市崇信县PC | 陇东苜蓿Longdong alfalfa | 崇信宏达草业公司Chongxin Hongda Grass Industry Co, Ltd. | 34.93bc | 210.63bcd | 255.59c | 341.29d |
平凉市泾川县PJ | 陇东苜蓿Longdong alfalfa | 泾川县丰达草业有限责任公司Jingchuan Fengda Grass Industry Co, Ltd. | 36.21bc | 214.36bc | 260.47bc | 352.18d |
天水市武山县TW | 陇东苜蓿Longdong alfalfa | 武山县乐牧饲草有限公司Wushan Lemu Forage Co, Ltd. | 37.20bc | 209.35cd | 265.72bc | 364.19cd |
天水市秦州区TQ | 陇东苜蓿Longdong alfalfa | 秦远种养殖农民专业合作社Qinyuan Breeding Farmers Cooperative | 40.23b | 221.27abc | 279.68bc | 368.21cd |
定西市安定区DA | 陇中苜蓿Longzhong alfalfa | 定西民祥草业有限公司 Dingxi Minxiang Grass Industry Co, Ltd. | 52.33a | 217.36bc | 251.83c | 349.84d |
定西市通渭县DT | 陇中苜蓿Longzhong alfalfa | 通渭鸿泰牧业公司 Tongwei Hongtai Herding Company | 42.19b | 211.48bcd | 264.62bc | 353.83d |
白银市会宁县BH | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 甘肃会丰牧草产业有限公司 Gansu Huifeng Pasture Industry Co, Ltd. | 39.21bc | 223.37ab | 242.36c | 332.90de |
白银市靖远县BJ | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 新西部草业发展有限公司 New West Grass Development Co, Ltd. | 43.39ab | 218.38bc | 256.78c | 347.35d |
兰州市榆中县LY | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 甘肃杨柳牧草饲料公司 Gansu Yangliu Herbage Feeding Company | 48.19ab | 227.28ab | 230.40cd | 320.48e |
兰州新区LX | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 秦川农业投资发展有限公司Qinchuan Agricultural Investment Development Co, Ltd. | 46.24ab | 223.82ab | 259.49bc | 337.24de |
武威市凉州区WL | 甘农3号Gannong No.3 | 甘肃亚盛田园牧歌草业有限公司 Gansu Yasheng Field and Pasture Grass Co, Ltd. | 42.18b | 205.21cd | 307.39b | 427.26b |
武威市民勤县WM | 甘农3号Gannong No.3 | 民勤新希望草产品开发公司Minqin New Hope Grass Development Company | 38.21bc | 197.38d | 318.45ab | 433.27ab |
金昌市永昌县东寨镇JDZ | 甘农3号Gannong No.3 | 甘肃中农草业科技有限公司Gansu Zhongnong Grass Technology Co, Ltd. | 50.13a | 234.47a | 282.72bc | 372.37cd |
金昌市永昌县水源镇JS | 甘农3号Gannong No.3 | 甘肃杨柳青牧草饲料开发有限公司Gansu Yangliuqing Forage Development Co, Ltd. | 48.31ab | 229.17ab | 295.64abc | 389.26bc |
张掖市高台县ZG | 甘农3号Gannong No.3 | 高台大业公司Gaotai Daye Corporation | 52.39a | 226.17ab | 273.60bc | 380.94c |
张掖市肃南县ZS | 甘农3号Gannong No.3 | 张掖大业草畜产业发展有限责任公司Zhangye Daye Grass and Animal Industry Development Co, Ltd. | 40.14b | 203.62cd | 336.74a | 449.35a |
张掖市民乐县ZM | 甘农3号Gannong No.3 | 民乐龙腾饲草料加工厂 Minle Longteng Forage Processing Plant | 55.29a | 209.35cd | 319.80ab | 410.69bc |
酒泉市金塔县JJ | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 酒泉亚盛田园牧歌草业有限公司Jiuquan Yasheng Field and Pasture Co, Ltd. | 52.18a | 214.30bc | 277.20bc | 360.28cd |
酒泉市瓜州县JG | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 酒泉大业牧草饲料有限责任公司Jiuquan Daye Pasture Feed Co, Ltd. | 53.11a | 215.63bc | 283.48bc | 373.92cd |
酒泉市玉门市JY | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 玉门大业草业有限公司Yumen Daye Grass Industry Co, Ltd. | 42.56b | 212.08bcd | 300.44b | 406.28bc |
酒泉市敦煌JD | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 酒泉大业牧草饲料有限责任公司Jiuquan Daye Pasture Feed Co, Ltd. | 38.17bc | 224.73ab | 317.24ab | 412.52bc |
嘉峪关市JYG | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 甘肃中农盛世农业科技有限公司Gansu Zhongnong Shengshi Agricultural Technology Co, Ltd. | 37.29bc | 220.29abc | 315.36ab | 438.47ab |
甘南州迭部县GD | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 迭部县草业公司Diebu County Grass Industry Company | 41.29b | 228.58ab | 230.09cd | 324.82e |
甘南州夏河县GX | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 夏河县永杰草畜有限责任公司Xiahe County Yongjie Grass Animal Limited Liability Company | 24.12d | 196.43d | 328.51ab | 450.30a |
临夏州积石山县LJ | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 积石山兴禹草业公司Jishishan Xingyu Grass Industry Co, Ltd. | 28.29d | 200.41cd | 323.17ab | 440.38ab |
表2 甘肃不同区域紫花苜蓿原料特性
Table 2 Characteristics of alfalfa raw materials in different regions of Gansu (g·kg-1 DM)
采样点 Sampling sites | 紫花苜蓿品种 Alfalfa varieties | 样品来源 Sample source | 可溶性碳水化合物Soluble carbohydrates (WSC) | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP) | 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF) | 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
陇南市文县LW | 甘农5号 Gannong No.5 | 甘肃生源牧业有限责任公司Gansu Shengyuan Animal Husbandry Co, Ltd. | 38.10bc | 184.34d | 345.06a | 454.41a |
陇南市陇县LL | 甘农5号Gannong No.5 | 陇南市美达牧业有限责任公司Longnan Meida Herding Co, Ltd. | 32.17c | 190.26d | 308.75b | 401.26bc |
庆阳市环县QH | 陇东苜蓿Longdong alfalfa | 庆城牧草合作社Qingcheng Forage Cooperative | 39.49b | 206.02cd | 283.42bc | 383.27c |
庆阳市西峰区QX | 陇东苜蓿Longdong alfalfa | 甘肃陇东克劳沃草业有限公司Gansu Longdong Crawford Grass Industry Co, Ltd. | 30.40c | 208.21cd | 210.78d | 362.53cd |
平凉市崇信县PC | 陇东苜蓿Longdong alfalfa | 崇信宏达草业公司Chongxin Hongda Grass Industry Co, Ltd. | 34.93bc | 210.63bcd | 255.59c | 341.29d |
平凉市泾川县PJ | 陇东苜蓿Longdong alfalfa | 泾川县丰达草业有限责任公司Jingchuan Fengda Grass Industry Co, Ltd. | 36.21bc | 214.36bc | 260.47bc | 352.18d |
天水市武山县TW | 陇东苜蓿Longdong alfalfa | 武山县乐牧饲草有限公司Wushan Lemu Forage Co, Ltd. | 37.20bc | 209.35cd | 265.72bc | 364.19cd |
天水市秦州区TQ | 陇东苜蓿Longdong alfalfa | 秦远种养殖农民专业合作社Qinyuan Breeding Farmers Cooperative | 40.23b | 221.27abc | 279.68bc | 368.21cd |
定西市安定区DA | 陇中苜蓿Longzhong alfalfa | 定西民祥草业有限公司 Dingxi Minxiang Grass Industry Co, Ltd. | 52.33a | 217.36bc | 251.83c | 349.84d |
定西市通渭县DT | 陇中苜蓿Longzhong alfalfa | 通渭鸿泰牧业公司 Tongwei Hongtai Herding Company | 42.19b | 211.48bcd | 264.62bc | 353.83d |
白银市会宁县BH | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 甘肃会丰牧草产业有限公司 Gansu Huifeng Pasture Industry Co, Ltd. | 39.21bc | 223.37ab | 242.36c | 332.90de |
白银市靖远县BJ | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 新西部草业发展有限公司 New West Grass Development Co, Ltd. | 43.39ab | 218.38bc | 256.78c | 347.35d |
兰州市榆中县LY | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 甘肃杨柳牧草饲料公司 Gansu Yangliu Herbage Feeding Company | 48.19ab | 227.28ab | 230.40cd | 320.48e |
兰州新区LX | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 秦川农业投资发展有限公司Qinchuan Agricultural Investment Development Co, Ltd. | 46.24ab | 223.82ab | 259.49bc | 337.24de |
武威市凉州区WL | 甘农3号Gannong No.3 | 甘肃亚盛田园牧歌草业有限公司 Gansu Yasheng Field and Pasture Grass Co, Ltd. | 42.18b | 205.21cd | 307.39b | 427.26b |
武威市民勤县WM | 甘农3号Gannong No.3 | 民勤新希望草产品开发公司Minqin New Hope Grass Development Company | 38.21bc | 197.38d | 318.45ab | 433.27ab |
金昌市永昌县东寨镇JDZ | 甘农3号Gannong No.3 | 甘肃中农草业科技有限公司Gansu Zhongnong Grass Technology Co, Ltd. | 50.13a | 234.47a | 282.72bc | 372.37cd |
金昌市永昌县水源镇JS | 甘农3号Gannong No.3 | 甘肃杨柳青牧草饲料开发有限公司Gansu Yangliuqing Forage Development Co, Ltd. | 48.31ab | 229.17ab | 295.64abc | 389.26bc |
张掖市高台县ZG | 甘农3号Gannong No.3 | 高台大业公司Gaotai Daye Corporation | 52.39a | 226.17ab | 273.60bc | 380.94c |
张掖市肃南县ZS | 甘农3号Gannong No.3 | 张掖大业草畜产业发展有限责任公司Zhangye Daye Grass and Animal Industry Development Co, Ltd. | 40.14b | 203.62cd | 336.74a | 449.35a |
张掖市民乐县ZM | 甘农3号Gannong No.3 | 民乐龙腾饲草料加工厂 Minle Longteng Forage Processing Plant | 55.29a | 209.35cd | 319.80ab | 410.69bc |
酒泉市金塔县JJ | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 酒泉亚盛田园牧歌草业有限公司Jiuquan Yasheng Field and Pasture Co, Ltd. | 52.18a | 214.30bc | 277.20bc | 360.28cd |
酒泉市瓜州县JG | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 酒泉大业牧草饲料有限责任公司Jiuquan Daye Pasture Feed Co, Ltd. | 53.11a | 215.63bc | 283.48bc | 373.92cd |
酒泉市玉门市JY | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 玉门大业草业有限公司Yumen Daye Grass Industry Co, Ltd. | 42.56b | 212.08bcd | 300.44b | 406.28bc |
酒泉市敦煌JD | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 酒泉大业牧草饲料有限责任公司Jiuquan Daye Pasture Feed Co, Ltd. | 38.17bc | 224.73ab | 317.24ab | 412.52bc |
嘉峪关市JYG | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 甘肃中农盛世农业科技有限公司Gansu Zhongnong Shengshi Agricultural Technology Co, Ltd. | 37.29bc | 220.29abc | 315.36ab | 438.47ab |
甘南州迭部县GD | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 迭部县草业公司Diebu County Grass Industry Company | 41.29b | 228.58ab | 230.09cd | 324.82e |
甘南州夏河县GX | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 夏河县永杰草畜有限责任公司Xiahe County Yongjie Grass Animal Limited Liability Company | 24.12d | 196.43d | 328.51ab | 450.30a |
临夏州积石山县LJ | 中苜1号Zhongmu No.1 | 积石山兴禹草业公司Jishishan Xingyu Grass Industry Co, Ltd. | 28.29d | 200.41cd | 323.17ab | 440.38ab |
图1 甘肃不同区域青贮紫花苜蓿乳酸菌群落组成A:属水平 (青贮48 d后) Genus level (after 48 d of silage). B:种水平 (青贮48 d后) Species level (after 48 d of silage).
Fig. 1 Community composition of lactic acid bacteria in alfalfa silage in different regions of Gansu
组别 Group | 检测乳酸菌物种数 Detection of Lactobacillus species count | 乳酸菌数 Number of Lactobacillus (Log10 CFU·g-1 FW) | 香农指数 Shannon-Wiener index | 辛普森指数 Simpson’s diversity index | Chao1指数 Chao1 index | 覆盖率 Rate of coverage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L0 | 7 | 4.21c | 4.36cd | 0.64d | 997.6c | 0.95 |
L48 | 7 | 8.36a | 3.65de | 0.76bc | 561.5e | 0.93 |
Q0 | 13 | 3.14d | 6.11b | 0.93ab | 1811.6ab | 0.94 |
Q48 | 9 | 6.72ab | 4.27cd | 0.86ab | 1223.6bc | 0.96 |
P0 | 15 | 3.50cd | 6.58ab | 0.94a | 1979.4ab | 0.95 |
P48 | 10 | 6.89ab | 5.03c | 0.87ab | 1293.4bc | 0.96 |
T0 | 19 | 3.32cd | 7.14a | 0.96a | 2133.6a | 0.97 |
T48 | 9 | 7.06ab | 4.23cd | 0.81b | 1063.4c | 0.95 |
D0 | 14 | 2.83e | 6.42ab | 0.96a | 1342.4bc | 0.96 |
D48 | 8 | 4.26c | 4.01d | 0.73c | 995.7c | 0.96 |
B0 | 13 | 2.90e | 7.24a | 0.92ab | 1063.4c | 0.98 |
B48 | 12 | 4.02c | 5.37bc | 0.88ab | 885.5cd | 0.99 |
LZ0 | 14 | 3.28d | 6.36ab | 0.89ab | 1354.5bc | 0.97 |
LZ48 | 10 | 5.36bc | 4.79cd | 0.75bc | 998.6c | 0.95 |
W0 | 12 | 3.57cd | 5.46bc | 0.85b | 2135.0a | 0.96 |
W48 | 11 | 7.02ab | 4.35cd | 0.81b | 1621.6b | 0.96 |
J0 | 19 | 3.20d | 7.31a | 0.97a | 2354.7a | 0.94 |
J48 | 13 | 6.73ab | 3.42e | 0.85b | 2036.7a | 0.95 |
Z0 | 16 | 3.50cd | 6.68ab | 0.91ab | 1416.7bc | 0.96 |
Z48 | 12 | 7.25ab | 5.61bc | 0.89ab | 993.5c | 0.98 |
JQ0 | 13 | 3.73cd | 6.14b | 0.93ab | 1128.3c | 0.97 |
JQ48 | 11 | 7.31a | 4.47cd | 0.77bc | 835.2cd | 0.97 |
JY0 | 10 | 3.94c | 5.25c | 0.87ab | 973.2c | 0.96 |
JY48 | 7 | 7.57a | 3.91d | 0.72c | 562.3e | 0.95 |
G0 | 14 | 3.86c | 6.22b | 0.93ab | 1128.3c | 0.96 |
G48 | 12 | 6.78ab | 4.48cd | 0.81b | 892.4cd | 0.97 |
LX0 | 11 | 3.62cd | 5.02c | 0.84b | 753.8d | 0.97 |
LX48 | 12 | 6.09b | 5.23c | 0.68cd | 663.5de | 0.98 |
表3 甘肃不同区域紫花苜蓿青贮乳酸菌Alpha多样性指数
Table 3 Alpha diversity index of alfalfa silage lactic acid bacteria in different regions of Gansu
组别 Group | 检测乳酸菌物种数 Detection of Lactobacillus species count | 乳酸菌数 Number of Lactobacillus (Log10 CFU·g-1 FW) | 香农指数 Shannon-Wiener index | 辛普森指数 Simpson’s diversity index | Chao1指数 Chao1 index | 覆盖率 Rate of coverage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L0 | 7 | 4.21c | 4.36cd | 0.64d | 997.6c | 0.95 |
L48 | 7 | 8.36a | 3.65de | 0.76bc | 561.5e | 0.93 |
Q0 | 13 | 3.14d | 6.11b | 0.93ab | 1811.6ab | 0.94 |
Q48 | 9 | 6.72ab | 4.27cd | 0.86ab | 1223.6bc | 0.96 |
P0 | 15 | 3.50cd | 6.58ab | 0.94a | 1979.4ab | 0.95 |
P48 | 10 | 6.89ab | 5.03c | 0.87ab | 1293.4bc | 0.96 |
T0 | 19 | 3.32cd | 7.14a | 0.96a | 2133.6a | 0.97 |
T48 | 9 | 7.06ab | 4.23cd | 0.81b | 1063.4c | 0.95 |
D0 | 14 | 2.83e | 6.42ab | 0.96a | 1342.4bc | 0.96 |
D48 | 8 | 4.26c | 4.01d | 0.73c | 995.7c | 0.96 |
B0 | 13 | 2.90e | 7.24a | 0.92ab | 1063.4c | 0.98 |
B48 | 12 | 4.02c | 5.37bc | 0.88ab | 885.5cd | 0.99 |
LZ0 | 14 | 3.28d | 6.36ab | 0.89ab | 1354.5bc | 0.97 |
LZ48 | 10 | 5.36bc | 4.79cd | 0.75bc | 998.6c | 0.95 |
W0 | 12 | 3.57cd | 5.46bc | 0.85b | 2135.0a | 0.96 |
W48 | 11 | 7.02ab | 4.35cd | 0.81b | 1621.6b | 0.96 |
J0 | 19 | 3.20d | 7.31a | 0.97a | 2354.7a | 0.94 |
J48 | 13 | 6.73ab | 3.42e | 0.85b | 2036.7a | 0.95 |
Z0 | 16 | 3.50cd | 6.68ab | 0.91ab | 1416.7bc | 0.96 |
Z48 | 12 | 7.25ab | 5.61bc | 0.89ab | 993.5c | 0.98 |
JQ0 | 13 | 3.73cd | 6.14b | 0.93ab | 1128.3c | 0.97 |
JQ48 | 11 | 7.31a | 4.47cd | 0.77bc | 835.2cd | 0.97 |
JY0 | 10 | 3.94c | 5.25c | 0.87ab | 973.2c | 0.96 |
JY48 | 7 | 7.57a | 3.91d | 0.72c | 562.3e | 0.95 |
G0 | 14 | 3.86c | 6.22b | 0.93ab | 1128.3c | 0.96 |
G48 | 12 | 6.78ab | 4.48cd | 0.81b | 892.4cd | 0.97 |
LX0 | 11 | 3.62cd | 5.02c | 0.84b | 753.8d | 0.97 |
LX48 | 12 | 6.09b | 5.23c | 0.68cd | 663.5de | 0.98 |
图2 青贮紫花苜蓿乳酸菌群落与影响因子冗余分析蓝色线为解释变量,黑色线为响应变量。Lactobacillus (B)表示附生乳酸杆菌属。Lactobacillus (S)表示青贮紫花苜蓿中乳酸杆菌属,其他乳酸菌属标注相同。Blue lines are explanatory variables, black lines are response variables. Lactobacillus (B) denotes epiphytic Lactobacillus spp. Lactobacillus (S) denotes Lactobacillus spp. in alfalfa silage. Other Lactobacillus spp. are labeled the same. Longitude:经度。Latitudes:纬度。Elevation:海拔。MAP:年平均降水量Annual average precipitation。MAH:平均相对湿度Average relative humidity。MAT:年平均气温Annual average temperature。SD:年平均日照时数Annual average sunshine duration。WSC:可溶性碳水化合物Soluble carbohydrates。CP:粗蛋白Crude protein。ADF:酸性洗涤纤Acid detergent fiber。NDF:中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber。下同 The same below.
Fig. 2 Redundancy analysis of lactic acid bacteria community of alfalfa silage and influencing factor
图3 甘肃不同区域紫花苜蓿原料附生乳酸菌群落组成A:属水平 (附生乳酸菌) Genus level (Lactobacillus epiphyticus). B:种水平 (附生乳酸菌) Species level (Lactobacillus epiphyticus).
Fig. 3 Community composition of Lactobacillus epiphyticus of alfalfa raw materials in different regions of Gansu
图4 甘肃不同地区乳酸菌群落聚类与气候区域拟合图相同颜色的点为乳酸菌群落结构相似程度高,聚为一类。英文字母代表采样点。甘肃省标准地图审图号:GS(2019)3266号。 Points with the same color are lactic acid bacteria with high structural similarity and clustered into one category. Letters indicate sampling point numbers. Gansu Province standard map review number: GS (2019) 3266.
Fig.4 Clustering of lactic acid bacteria communities in different regions of Gansu with climate region fitting
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