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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 171-185.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023192

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

石仙桃与细叶石仙桃叶绿体基因组解析及其系统发育

刘保财1,2,3(), 胡学博2, 张武君1,3, 赵云青1,3, 黄颖桢1,3, 陈菁瑛1,3()   

  1. 1.福建省农业科学院作物研究所,福建 福州 350003
    2.华中农业大学植物科技学院,湖北 武汉 430070
    3.福建省农业科学院药用植物研究中心,福建 福州 350003
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-09 修回日期:2023-08-04 出版日期:2024-04-20 发布日期:2024-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 陈菁瑛
  • 作者简介:E-mail: cjy6601@163.com
    刘保财(1985-),男,河南林州人,博士。E-mail: 626813844@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    福建省属公益类项目(2020R1034003);福建省人民政府协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021003);福建省农业科学院科技创新团队(CXTD2021014-2);“一带一路”国家传统草药实物库及图片信息库建设(2018FY100702)

Chloroplast genome assembly and phylogenetic analysis of Pholidota chinensis and Pholidota cantonensis

Bao-cai LIU1,2,3(), Xue-bo HU2, Wu-jun ZHANG1,3, Yun-qing ZHAO1,3, Ying-zhen HUANG1,3, Jing-ying CHEN1,3()   

  1. 1.Institute of Crop Sciences,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350003,China
    2.College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China
    3.Research Center for Medicinal Plant,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350003,China
  • Received:2023-06-09 Revised:2023-08-04 Online:2024-04-20 Published:2024-01-15
  • Contact: Jing-ying CHEN

摘要:

石仙桃和细叶石仙桃均为珍稀濒危的附生兰,两者叶绿体基因组特征及其系统发育报道较少,本研究旨在揭示石仙桃和细叶石仙桃叶绿体基因组特征及其系统发育。2022年5月取驯化栽培的石仙桃和细叶石仙桃幼嫩叶片,基于Illumina测序平台分别获得石仙桃和细叶石仙桃叶绿体序列,用GetOrganelle组装、CPGAVAS2注释,利用生物信息学方法开展重复序列、密码子偏好性、四分体边界等叶绿体特征分析,并从NCBI上下载相关的序列开展基因组比较与系统发育分析。石仙桃叶绿体基因组大小为159122 bp(GC含量为37.41%),细叶石仙桃叶绿体基因组大小为158798 bp(GC含量为37.47%),两者均包括大单拷贝区(LSC)、小单拷贝区(SSC)和反向重复序列(IRa/IRb)。石仙桃与细叶石仙桃均注释了113个基因,其中编码蛋白质的基因79个,石仙桃中编码79个蛋白质基因使用22968个密码子,编码亮氨酸的UUA相对同义密码子使用频次(RSCU)达到1.90;细叶石仙桃中编码79个蛋白质的基因使用22923个密码子,编码亮氨酸UUA的RSCU达到1.91。石仙桃叶绿体基因组中共有44个简单序列重复(SSR)、47个散在重复、26个串联重复;细叶石仙桃有32个SSR、25个散在重复、30个串联重复。石仙桃属6个物种的四分体边界及共线性无大片段变化,但存在核苷酸多态性,trnK-UUU、trnQ-UUG、rpl16等基因可作为物种的分子标记候选基因。系统分析明确了石仙桃和细叶石仙桃等石仙桃属物种与蜂腰兰和流苏贝母亲缘关系较近,并同处于附生兰的分支中,叶绿体基因组大片段倒置等可能是兰科适应生活习性改变的原因之一。本研究明确了石仙桃和细叶石仙桃叶绿体基因组特征,探讨了其系统发育及兰科生活习性与叶绿体基因组之间的关系,为进一步分类和分子标记开发等相关研究奠定了基础。

关键词: 石仙桃, 细叶石仙桃, 叶绿体, 基因组, 系统发育, 附生

Abstract:

Pholidota chinensis and Pholidota cantonensis are rare and endangered epiphytic orchids. Little is known about their chloroplast genome sequences and phylogeny, so the aim of this study was to reveal their chloroplast genome characteristics and phylogenetic relationships. Young leaves of domesticated P. chinensis and P. cantonensis were collected in May 2022, and DNA was extracted and then sequenced using the Illumina sequencing platform. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that the chloroplast genomes included repetitive sequences and quartet boundaries, and showed codon biases. Chloroplast DNA sequences from related species were downloaded from the NCBI for genome comparison and phylogeny analyses. The chloroplast genomes of P. chinensis and P. cantonensis were 159122 bp (37.41% GC content) and 158798 bp (37.47% GC content) in length, respectively. They both included a large single-copy region (LSC), a small single-copy region (SSC), and an inverted repeat sequence (IRa/IRb). The relative synonymous codon usage of UUA encoding leucine reached 1.90 in P. chinensis and 1.91 in P. cantonensis. The chloroplast genome of P. chinensis had 44 simple sequence repeats, 47 scattered repeats, and 26 tandem repeats. The chloroplast genome of P. cantonensis had 32 simple sequence repeats, 25 scattered repeats, and 30 tandem repeats. The quartet boundaries and covariance of the six species in the Pholidota showed no large block variations, but some nucleotide polymorphisms were detected. Genes including trnK-UUU, trnQ-UUG, and rpl16 were identified as candidate genes for molecular markers of these species. A systematic analysis clarified that, although P. chinensis and P. cantonensis are in the genus Pholidota, they are more closely related to Bulleyia yunnanensis and Coelogyne fimbriata, and are located on the same branch of epiphytic orchids in the phylogenetic tree. The inversion of large segments of the chloroplast genome might be one of the reasons for the different growth habits of members of the Orchidaceae, and their ability to adapt to different habitats. The results of this study reveal the characteristics of the chloroplast genomes of P. chinensis and P. cantonensis, and provide new information about the relationship between their phylogeny and growth habits. These findings lay the foundation for further research on the classification of members of the Orchidaceae, as well as for molecular marker development and other related research.

Key words: Pholidota chinensis, Pholidota cantonensis, chloroplasts, genome, phylogeny, epiphytes