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草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 1-15.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024148

• 研究论文 •    

宁夏罗山山地草原植被群落特征及其空间分异

龚昕1,3,4(), 霍新茹1,3,4, 李雯1,3,4, 杨彦东1,3,4, 刘超2, 秦伟春2, 沈艳1,3,4, 王国会1,3,4, 马红彬1,3,4()   

  1. 1.宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏 银川 750021
    2.罗山国家级自然保护区管理局,宁夏 吴忠 751900
    3.宁夏大学农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021
    4.宁夏大学宁夏草牧业工程技术研究中心,宁夏 银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-29 修回日期:2024-07-01 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2024-11-27
  • 通讯作者: 马红彬
  • 作者简介:E-mail: ma_hb@nxu.edu.cn
    龚昕(2001-),男,宁夏银川人,在读硕士。E-mail: 12023131544@stu.nxu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏重点研发计划项目(2021BEG02009);罗山2023年中央财政林业改革发展资金草原生态修复治理补助项目,宁夏自然科学基金项目(2023AAC03043);宁夏重点研发计划(2023BEG02039)

Vegetation community characteristics and spatial differentiation in mountain grassland in Luoshan, Ningxia

Xin GONG1,3,4(), Xin-ru HUO1,3,4, Wen LI1,3,4, Yan-dong YANG1,3,4, Chao LIU2, Wei-chun QIN2, Yan SHEN1,3,4, Guo-hui WANG1,3,4, Hong-bin MA1,3,4()   

  1. 1.College of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    2.Luoshan National Nature Reserve Administration,Wuzhong 751900,China
    3.Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P. R. China,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    4.Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
  • Received:2024-04-29 Revised:2024-07-01 Online:2025-02-20 Published:2024-11-27
  • Contact: Hong-bin MA

摘要:

宁夏罗山国家级自然保护区是宁夏中部干旱带上唯一的水源涵养林区和区域绿色生态保护屏障,对该地区生物多样性保护、防治土壤侵蚀、维护生态安全具有重要作用,但目前对罗山草地植物群落特征鲜有报道,其草原植被群落特征及其与环境因子的关系还不清晰。本研究以罗山自然保护区草原为对象,研究了不同海拔和不同类型草地植物群落组成、多样性特征的空间分异规律及植被群落特征与环境因子的关系。结果表明:1) 罗山自然保护区草地植物群落由一、二年生草本、多年生草本和灌木、半灌木组成,其中多年生草本占比最大;荒漠草原与典型草原植物群落以禾本科和杂类草为主,草甸草原以杂类草为主;随着海拔的升高,除群落地上生物量外,所调查植被数量特征符合“中间高度膨胀”理论,在海拔1600~2100 m时均达到峰值。2) 草地植物Margarlef丰富度指数与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数随着海拔的升高,在2000~2100 m的草原样地达到最高,呈现先增加后减小的“单峰型”变化趋势(P<0.05);Simpson优势度指数与Pielou均匀度指数随海拔升高变化不显著(P>0.05);保护区草甸草原、典型草原和荒漠草原3种草原类型间物种多样性差异不明显。3) 年降水量、海拔、土壤全氮含量、土壤全磷含量、日均气温是影响研究区草地植被特征的重要环境因子,其中年降水量、海拔是主要环境因子,土壤全氮含量、土壤全磷含量以及日均气温是次要环境因子。研究为进一步了解罗山自然保护区草地植被分布特征提供了基础。

关键词: 植被群落特征, 物种多样性, 海拔, 空间分异, 环境因子

Abstract:

The Ningxia Luoshan National Nature Reserve is the only water conservation forest area and regional green ecological protection barrier in the arid zone of central Ningxia. This reserve plays an important role in the protection of biodiversity, the prevention of soil erosion, and in ecological security. However, few studies have focused on the characteristics of the grassland plant community in Luoshan, or on the relationship between the characteristics of the grassland vegetation community and environmental factors. In this study, we analyzed the grassland plant community in the Luoshan Nature Reserve. We analyzed the composition of the plant community and its spatial differentiation, and the diversity characteristics of different types of grasslands and those at different altitudes. We also explored the relationship between the characteristics of the vegetation community and environmental factors. The results showed that: 1) The grassland plant community in Luoshan Nature Reserve was composed of annual and biennial herbs, perennial herbs, shrubs, and semi-shrubs, and perennial herbs accounted for the largest proportion of the community. The plant communities of desert steppe and typical grassland were dominated by grasses and weeds, while meadow steppe plant communities were dominated by weeds. As the altitude increased, except for the above-ground biomass of the community, the quantitative characteristics of the surveyed vegetation conformed to the ‘intermediate height expansion’ theory, and showed maximum values in the altitude range of 1600-2100 m. 2) As the altitude increased, the Margarlef richness index and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of grassland plants increased to a certain point, reaching the highest values in the grassland sample plots at 2000-2100 m. This trend was unimodal, with the initial increase followed by a decrease (P<0.05). Simpson’s dominance index and Pielou’s evenness index did not change significantly with increasing altitude (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in species diversity among the meadow steppe, the typical steppe, and the desert steppe. 3) Annual precipitation, altitude, total soil nitrogen content, total soil phosphorus content, and average daily air temperature were important environmental factors that affected grassland vegetation characteristics in the study area. Among the environmental factors, annual precipitation and altitude were the main environmental factors affecting grassland vegetation, whereas total soil nitrogen content, total soil phosphorus content, and average daily air temperature were secondary environmental factors. The results of this study provide a basis for a deeper understanding of the distribution characteristics of grassland vegetation in the Luoshan Nature Reserve.

Key words: vegetation community characteristics, species diversity, altitude, spatial differentiation law, environmental factor