草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 123-132.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024118
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
王文虎1,2(), 梁国玲1,2(), 刘文辉1,2, 王凤宇1,2, 李文1,2
收稿日期:
2024-04-10
修回日期:
2024-05-17
出版日期:
2025-02-20
发布日期:
2024-11-27
通讯作者:
梁国玲
作者简介:
E-mail: qhliangguoling@163.com基金资助:
Wen-hu WANG1,2(), Guo-ling LIANG1,2(), Wen-hui LIU1,2, Feng-yu WANG1,2, Wen LI1,2
Received:
2024-04-10
Revised:
2024-05-17
Online:
2025-02-20
Published:
2024-11-27
Contact:
Guo-ling LIANG
摘要:
为了综合评价青藏高原区老芒麦资源的特点,本研究在海晏县开展了8份老芒麦资源的农艺性状与生产性能综合评价试验,分析了不同老芒麦资源的农艺性状和产量性状特征,揭示老芒麦饲草产量的影响因素,采用TOPSIS-多准则决策模型对供试老芒麦资源的各项指标进行综合评价,以期筛选出优质的老芒麦资源。结果表明:2龄时,16-364、17-195植株较高,为108.1和109.0 cm;16-093草层高度最高、单株饲草产量最高,分别为36.8 cm,170.3 g;15-025、17-195分蘖数较多,为123和124枝·株-1。3龄时,17-195植株最高、冠幅最大,分别为122.7 cm、140.8 cm;16-093草层高度最高、单株饲草产量最高,分别为51.8 cm,234.7 g;15-025分蘖数最多,为456枝·株-1。结构方程表明,株高和分蘖数是影响老芒麦饲草产量的关键因子,TOPSIS-多准则决策模型综合评价结果表明,16-093饲草生产性能更高、更稳定,是适宜海北州种植的最佳老芒麦资源,可作为下一步品种选育的亲本材料。
王文虎, 梁国玲, 刘文辉, 王凤宇, 李文. 青藏高原区8份老芒麦资源农艺性状与生产性能综合评价[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(2): 123-132.
Wen-hu WANG, Guo-ling LIANG, Wen-hui LIU, Feng-yu WANG, Wen LI. Comprehensive evaluation of agronomic traits and yield of eight Elymus sibiricus varieties in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(2): 123-132.
种质编号 Germplasm number | 资源名 Variety name | 采集地点 Collection places | 地理位置 Geographic position | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 小生境 Microhabitat |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
15-025 | 老芒麦 E. sibiricus | 青海省大通县斜沟乡斜沟村Xiegou Village, Xiegou Town, Datong County, Qinghai Province | 101°34.77′ E, 36°58.57′ N | 2760 | 河边Riverside |
15-285 | 老芒麦 E. sibiricus | 青海省大通县向化藏族乡黄茨坡Huangcipo, Xianghua Tibetan Town, Datong County, Qinghai Province | 101°52.57′ E, 37°5.18′ N | 3100 | 路边山坡Slope of roadside |
16-093 | 老芒麦 E. sibiricus | 青海省门源县皇城蒙古族乡扎沙村Zhasha Village, Huangcheng Mongol Town, Menyuan County, Qinghai Province | 101°9.23′ E, 37°38.23′ N | 3140 | 围栏封育草场Inside of fenced meadow |
16-317 | 老芒麦 E. sibiricus | 青海省互助县边滩乡大河欠村Daheqian Village, Biantan Town, Huzhu County, Qinghai Province | 102°6.31′ E, 37°0.4′ N | 3050 | 山坡围栏封育草场Fenced meadow of slope |
16-364 | 老芒麦 E. sibiricus | 青海省大通县青林乡白土牙合村Baituyahe Village, Qinglin Town, Datong County, Qinghai Province | 101°20.29′ E, 37°6.21′ N | 2870 | 河边Riverside |
17-152 | 老芒麦 E. sibiricus | 青海省贵德县新街回族乡鱼山村Yushan Village, Xinjie Hui Town, Guide County, Qinghai Province | 101°21.57′ E, 35°41.19′ N | 3030 | 路边灌丛Shrub of roadside |
17-195 | 老芒麦 E. sibiricus | 青海省贵德县豆后浪村Douhoulang Village, Guide County, Qinghai Province | 101°13.33′ E, 36°12.18′ N | 2975 | 路边围栏内Inside the fence of roadside |
19-027 | 老芒麦 E. sibiricus | 青海省同仁县双朋西村Shuangpengxi Village, Tongren County, Qinghai Province | 102°11.38′ E, 35°34.74′ N | 2570 | 路边Roadside |
表1 试验材料及来源
Table 1 The test materials and sources
种质编号 Germplasm number | 资源名 Variety name | 采集地点 Collection places | 地理位置 Geographic position | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 小生境 Microhabitat |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
15-025 | 老芒麦 E. sibiricus | 青海省大通县斜沟乡斜沟村Xiegou Village, Xiegou Town, Datong County, Qinghai Province | 101°34.77′ E, 36°58.57′ N | 2760 | 河边Riverside |
15-285 | 老芒麦 E. sibiricus | 青海省大通县向化藏族乡黄茨坡Huangcipo, Xianghua Tibetan Town, Datong County, Qinghai Province | 101°52.57′ E, 37°5.18′ N | 3100 | 路边山坡Slope of roadside |
16-093 | 老芒麦 E. sibiricus | 青海省门源县皇城蒙古族乡扎沙村Zhasha Village, Huangcheng Mongol Town, Menyuan County, Qinghai Province | 101°9.23′ E, 37°38.23′ N | 3140 | 围栏封育草场Inside of fenced meadow |
16-317 | 老芒麦 E. sibiricus | 青海省互助县边滩乡大河欠村Daheqian Village, Biantan Town, Huzhu County, Qinghai Province | 102°6.31′ E, 37°0.4′ N | 3050 | 山坡围栏封育草场Fenced meadow of slope |
16-364 | 老芒麦 E. sibiricus | 青海省大通县青林乡白土牙合村Baituyahe Village, Qinglin Town, Datong County, Qinghai Province | 101°20.29′ E, 37°6.21′ N | 2870 | 河边Riverside |
17-152 | 老芒麦 E. sibiricus | 青海省贵德县新街回族乡鱼山村Yushan Village, Xinjie Hui Town, Guide County, Qinghai Province | 101°21.57′ E, 35°41.19′ N | 3030 | 路边灌丛Shrub of roadside |
17-195 | 老芒麦 E. sibiricus | 青海省贵德县豆后浪村Douhoulang Village, Guide County, Qinghai Province | 101°13.33′ E, 36°12.18′ N | 2975 | 路边围栏内Inside the fence of roadside |
19-027 | 老芒麦 E. sibiricus | 青海省同仁县双朋西村Shuangpengxi Village, Tongren County, Qinghai Province | 102°11.38′ E, 35°34.74′ N | 2570 | 路边Roadside |
图1 不同老芒麦资源农艺性状与饲草产量特征图中小写字母表示2龄时老芒麦资源间差异显著,大写字母表示3龄时老芒麦资源间差异显著(P<0.05)。Lowercase letters indicate the significant differences among the E. sibiricus varieties at the 2-year, capital letters indicate the significant differences among the E. sibiricus varieties at the 3-year (P<0.05).
Fig. 1 Agronomic traits and forage yield characteristics of different E. sibiricus varieties
项目 Item | 处理 Treatments | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 Degree of freedom | 均方 Mean square | F | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
株高 Plant height | 年份 Years | 6096.441 | 2 | 3048.220 | 367.025 | 0.000 |
资源 Varieties | 7153.887 | 7 | 1021.984 | 123.053 | 0.000 | |
年份×资源Years×varieties | 7090.420 | 14 | 506.459 | 60.981 | 0.000 | |
叶长 Leaf length | 年份 Years | 239.878 | 2 | 119.939 | 1.669 | 0.193 |
资源 Varieties | 729.866 | 7 | 104.267 | 1.451 | 0.191 | |
年份×资源Years×varieties | 912.317 | 14 | 65.166 | 0.907 | 0.553 | |
叶宽 Leaf width | 年份 Years | 2.743 | 2 | 1.371 | 65.911 | 0.000 |
资源 Varieties | 3.785 | 7 | 0.541 | 25.991 | 0.000 | |
年份×资源Years×varieties | 0.542 | 14 | 0.039 | 1.860 | 0.037 | |
冠幅 Crown breadth | 年份 Years | 13704.681 | 2 | 6852.340 | 535.397 | 0.000 |
资源 Varieties | 34802.944 | 7 | 4971.849 | 388.468 | 0.000 | |
年份×资源Years×varieties | 6656.431 | 14 | 475.459 | 37.149 | 0.000 | |
草层高度 Grass height | 年份 Years | 3763.191 | 2 | 1881.595 | 856.487 | 0.000 |
资源 Varieties | 7603.707 | 7 | 1086.244 | 494.450 | 0.000 | |
年份×资源Years×varieties | 1254.059 | 14 | 89.576 | 40.774 | 0.000 | |
分蘖数 Number of tillers | 年份 Years | 902876.462 | 2 | 451438.231 | 40691.750 | 0.000 |
资源 Varieties | 413301.818 | 7 | 59043.117 | 5322.030 | 0.000 | |
年份×资源Years×varieties | 119406.677 | 14 | 8529.048 | 768.792 | 0.000 | |
单株草产量 Yield per plant | 年份 Years | 170269.347 | 2 | 85134.674 | 4335.925 | 0.000 |
资源 Varieties | 136282.549 | 7 | 19468.936 | 991.556 | 0.000 | |
年份×资源Years×varieties | 15022.431 | 14 | 1073.031 | 54.650 | 0.000 |
表2 年份和资源对老芒麦农艺性状与饲草产量影响的双因素方差分析
Table 2 Two-factor variance analysis of years and varieties on agronomic traits and forage yield of E. sibiricus
项目 Item | 处理 Treatments | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 Degree of freedom | 均方 Mean square | F | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
株高 Plant height | 年份 Years | 6096.441 | 2 | 3048.220 | 367.025 | 0.000 |
资源 Varieties | 7153.887 | 7 | 1021.984 | 123.053 | 0.000 | |
年份×资源Years×varieties | 7090.420 | 14 | 506.459 | 60.981 | 0.000 | |
叶长 Leaf length | 年份 Years | 239.878 | 2 | 119.939 | 1.669 | 0.193 |
资源 Varieties | 729.866 | 7 | 104.267 | 1.451 | 0.191 | |
年份×资源Years×varieties | 912.317 | 14 | 65.166 | 0.907 | 0.553 | |
叶宽 Leaf width | 年份 Years | 2.743 | 2 | 1.371 | 65.911 | 0.000 |
资源 Varieties | 3.785 | 7 | 0.541 | 25.991 | 0.000 | |
年份×资源Years×varieties | 0.542 | 14 | 0.039 | 1.860 | 0.037 | |
冠幅 Crown breadth | 年份 Years | 13704.681 | 2 | 6852.340 | 535.397 | 0.000 |
资源 Varieties | 34802.944 | 7 | 4971.849 | 388.468 | 0.000 | |
年份×资源Years×varieties | 6656.431 | 14 | 475.459 | 37.149 | 0.000 | |
草层高度 Grass height | 年份 Years | 3763.191 | 2 | 1881.595 | 856.487 | 0.000 |
资源 Varieties | 7603.707 | 7 | 1086.244 | 494.450 | 0.000 | |
年份×资源Years×varieties | 1254.059 | 14 | 89.576 | 40.774 | 0.000 | |
分蘖数 Number of tillers | 年份 Years | 902876.462 | 2 | 451438.231 | 40691.750 | 0.000 |
资源 Varieties | 413301.818 | 7 | 59043.117 | 5322.030 | 0.000 | |
年份×资源Years×varieties | 119406.677 | 14 | 8529.048 | 768.792 | 0.000 | |
单株草产量 Yield per plant | 年份 Years | 170269.347 | 2 | 85134.674 | 4335.925 | 0.000 |
资源 Varieties | 136282.549 | 7 | 19468.936 | 991.556 | 0.000 | |
年份×资源Years×varieties | 15022.431 | 14 | 1073.031 | 54.650 | 0.000 |
图2 不同老芒麦资源农艺性状与饲草产量Mantel test相关性分析
Fig. 2 Mantel test correlation analysis between agronomic traits and forage yield of different E. sibiricus varieties
图5 结构方程模型分析年份和资源对单株饲草产量的影响路径(a)及各因子的标准化效应值(b)图中实线和虚线箭头分别表示显著正和负的路径关系。数值为标准化路径系数。*表示在0.05水平上差异显著,**表示在0.01水平上差异显著,***表示在0.001水平上差异显著。Solid and dashed arrows represent significantly positive or negative effects at the 0.05 level, respectively. The standard path coefficients were shown on arrows. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
Fig. 5 Structural equation model analyzed the influence paths of years and varieties on forage yield per plant (a) and the standardized effect values of each factor (b)
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