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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 139-149.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023165

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

美国WL系列不同秋眠级苜蓿品种在南疆的生产性能与适应性评价

李妍1,2(), 马富龙1,2, 韩路1,2, 王海珍3()   

  1. 1.塔里木大学农学院,新疆 阿拉尔 843300
    2.塔里木大学南疆绿洲农业资源与环境研究中心,新疆 阿拉尔 843300
    3.塔里木大学园艺与林学学院,新疆 阿拉尔 843300
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-17 修回日期:2023-06-19 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2023-12-27
  • 通讯作者: 王海珍
  • 作者简介:E-mail: whzzky@163.com
    李妍(1998-),女,安徽宿州人,在读硕士。E-mail: 1695169541@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0501407)

Productivity and adaptability of ‘WL’ alfalfa varieties with different fall dormancy in the extremely arid region of Southern Xinjiang

Yan LI1,2(), Fu-long MA1,2, Lu HAN1,2, Hai-zhen WANG3()   

  1. 1.College of Agronomy,Tarim University,Alaer 843300,China
    2.The Research Center of Oasis Agricultural Resources and Environment in Southern Xinjiang,Tarim University,Alaer 843300,China
    3.College of Horticulture and Forestry,Tarim University,Alaer 843300,China
  • Received:2023-05-17 Revised:2023-06-19 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2023-12-27
  • Contact: Hai-zhen WANG

摘要:

为筛选出适宜新疆南部干旱区种植的紫花苜蓿品种,以美国‘WL’系列6个不同秋眠级苜蓿品种作为研究对象,连续3年调查不同品种的生育期、越冬率、生长速率与初花期的鲜、干草产量、株高、叶茎比、干鲜比,并采用灰色关联度分析法进行综合评价。结果表明:WL358返青最早,WL712最晚;生长速率以WL440最快,WL168最慢,分别为2.30和1.98 cm·d-1。不同品种的株高随种植年限依次递增,随刈割次数依次递减;各茬生长期(至初花期)逐渐缩短,生长速率加快,3年平均株高以WL440最高(90.73 cm),品种间株高无显著差异(除WL343外)。各年份不同茬次叶茎比呈递增趋势,叶茎比以WL168最高(0.69),干鲜比以WL525最高(0.23)。鲜、干草产量随种植年限逐渐增大;3年平均鲜、干草产量均以WL358最高,分别为98.21与21.26 t·hm-2,WL168鲜草产量(76.37 t·hm-2)与WL525干草产量(16.37 t·hm-2)最低。分析结果表明,影响干草产量的各因子依次为生长速率、鲜草产量、干鲜比、株高、单株干重、叶茎比;6个参试品种的综合评价结果为WL358>WL440>WL168>WL343>WL712>WL525。分析认为WL358品种的综合表现好,适宜在南疆地区种植。

关键词: 极端干旱区, 紫花苜蓿, 秋眠级, 生长速率, 生产性能, 适应性

Abstract:

To select alfalfa varieties that can grow well in southern Xinjiang, which is an extremely arid area, six ‘WL’ alfalfa varieties with different fall dormancy levels were screened in a 3-year field trial. Their growth characteristics, overwintering rate, regeneration time, leaf∶stem and hay∶fresh ratios, and fresh and hay yields of the early bloom stage were determined over 3 consecutive years. Then, a grey correlation analysis was conducted to determine which factors made the largest contributions to hay yield. The results showed that WL358 was the earliest and WL712 was the latest to regenerate each season. The growth rate was fastest in WL440 (2.30 cm·d-1) and slowest in WL168 (1.98 cm·d-1). The plant height increased during the 3 growing years and decreased with increased frequency of cutting. The growth period gradually shortened from the first cutting to fourth cutting (initial flowering stage), whereas the growth rate accelerated. The highest average plant height was in WL440 (90.73 cm) over the 3 years, but there was no significant difference in plant height among all the other varieties except for WL343. The leaf∶stem ratio from the first cutting to fourth cutting showed an increasing trend in each year; WL168 had the highest leaf∶stem ratio (0.69) and WL525 had the highest dry∶fresh ratio (0.23). The fresh and hay yields increased gradually over the 3 growing years, and did not differ significantly among the six varieties (P>0.05). The highest average fresh and hay yields over the 3 years were in WL358 (98.21 t·ha-1 and 21.26 t·ha-1, respectively). The lowest fresh yield was in WL168 (76.37 t·ha-1) and the lowest hay yield was in WL525 (16.37 t·ha-1). The results of the grey correlation analysis showed that the factors affecting hay yield were growth rate, fresh yield, dry∶fresh ratio, plant height, dry weight per plant and leaf∶stem ratio. The six varieties were ranked, from highest comprehensive evaluation score to lowest, as follows: WL358>WL440>WL168>WL343>WL712>WL525. Therefore, WL358 showed the best comprehensive performance and was identified as a cultivar suitable for cultivation in southern Xinjiang.

Key words: extreme arid area, alfalfa, fall dormancy, growth rate, production performance, adaptability