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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 74-85.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023362

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

豫北地区18个秋播饲用燕麦品种抗倒伏特性及生产性能评价

桑瑞娟1(), 崔超杰4(), 何云5, 张晓霞6, 姚晋1, 董春阳1, 孙浩1,2,3, 史莹华1,2,3, 朱晓艳1,2,3, 李德锋1,2,3()   

  1. 1.河南农业大学动物科技学院,河南 郑州 450046
    2.河南省草地资源创新与利用重点实验室,河南 郑州 450046
    3.河南省牧草工程技术研究中心,河南 郑州 450046
    4.青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东 青岛 266109
    5.河南科技学院动物科学学院,河南 新乡 453003
    6.河南省畜牧技术推广总站,河南 郑州 450008
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-26 修回日期:2023-10-30 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-05-13
  • 通讯作者: 李德锋
  • 作者简介:E-mail: Leadephone@126.com
    桑瑞娟(2000-),女,河南周口人,在读硕士。E-mail: sang0950@163.com
    崔超杰(1999-),男,山东菏泽人,本科。E-mail: 15621157890@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省科技攻关计划项目(222102110133);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34)

Lodging resistance and production performance of 18 autumn-sown forage oat varieties in northern Henan Province

Rui-juan SANG1(), Chao-jie CUI4(), Yun HE5, Xiao-xia ZHANG6, Jin YAO1, Chun-yang DONG1, Hao SUN1,2,3, Ying-hua SHI1,2,3, Xiao-yan ZHU1,2,3, De-feng LI1,2,3()   

  1. 1.College of Animal Science and Technology,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China
    2.Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources,Zhengzhou 450046,China
    3.Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center,Zhengzhou 450046,China
    4.College of Resources and Environment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China
    5.College of Animal Science,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,China
    6.Henan Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station,Zhengzhou 450008,China
  • Received:2023-09-26 Revised:2023-10-30 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-05-13
  • Contact: De-feng LI

摘要:

为了解秋播饲用燕麦在豫北地区的抗倒伏特性和生产性能,本研究测定了18个品种的干草产量、分蘖数、越冬率和不同时期倒伏率,分析了燕麦倒伏与株高、穗位高及茎秆形态的关系。结果表明:80%的燕麦品种从抽穗期开始倒伏,乳熟中期收获时倒伏率为10.0%~95.0%,其中,贝利和大富豪两个品种倒伏率较低;第1节和第2节茎粗、第2节干重等反映茎秆强度的指标与倒伏率呈显著负相关(P<0.05);18个燕麦品种生育期为182~207 d,干草产量、株高、越冬率和返青期分蘖数分别为11.99~20.46 t·hm-2、1.11~1.52 m、83.7%~96.6%和5.3~8.5个·株-1,贝利、爱沃和燕王3个品种干草产量较高,达20 t·hm-2。综合抗倒伏特性、干草产量和营养品质,本研究认为贝利、燕王和大富豪3个品种适宜在豫北地区秋播种植。

关键词: 饲用燕麦, 抗倒伏性, 生产性能, 越冬率

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to compare the lodging resistance and production performance of 18 autumn-sown forage oat (Avena sativa) varieties in northern Henan Province. A field study was conducted to determine the lodging incidence at different growth stages, hay yield, tillering characteristics, and winter survival of 18 oat varieties. Then, the relationships between lodging and plant height, ear height, and stem morphology were evaluated. The results showed that: 80% of oat varieties began to show lodging from the heading stage, and the lodging incidence ranged from 10% to 95% at the mid-milk maturity stage. Among the 18 varieties, ‘Baler’ and ‘Millionaire’ had the lowest lodging incidence. The lodging incidence was negatively correlated with stem morphological indexes including stem base diameter (1st and 2nd internode diameters) and 2nd internode dry weight (P<0.05). The 18 varieties were able to complete the entire growth and development process in the experimental area, and the growth period ranged from 182 to 207 days. Among the 18 varieties, the number of tillers at the greening stage, hay yield, plant height, and winter survival rate ranged from 5.3 to 8.5 per plant, 11.99 to 20.46 t·ha-1, 1.11 to 1.52 m, and 83.7% to 96.6%, respectively. The hay yields of ‘Baler’, ‘Everleaf’, and ‘Forage Plus’ were significantly higher than those of other varieties, and the hay yield of these three varieties exceeded 20 t·ha-1. Based on a multivariate evaluation of lodging resistance, hay yield, and nutritional quality, ‘Baler’, ‘Forage Plus’, and ‘Millionaire’ were identified as suitable varieties for autumn sowing in northern Henan Province.

Key words: forage oat, lodging resistance, production performance, winter survival rate