草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 126-138.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025217
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
项凌飞1(
), 张峰举2, 李跃3, 王学琴4, 刘金龙5, 马巧利1(
)
收稿日期:2025-05-29
修回日期:2025-07-21
出版日期:2026-05-20
发布日期:2026-03-11
通讯作者:
马巧利
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: mql_2008@126.com基金资助:
Ling-fei XIANG1(
), Feng-ju ZHANG2, Yue LI3, Xue-qin WANG4, Jin-long LIU5, Qiao-li MA1(
)
Received:2025-05-29
Revised:2025-07-21
Online:2026-05-20
Published:2026-03-11
Contact:
Qiao-li MA
摘要:
科学合理的种植密度是提升禾本科牧草生产效益的关键措施。然而,在宁夏银北盐碱地区,湖南稷子的适宜行距与播量配置及其对产量与质量的影响尚不明确。本研究采用双因素裂区试验设计,设置5个行距水平(20、30、40、50和60 cm)和3个播量水平(7.50、11.25和15.00 kg·hm-2),探究其对饲草和种子产量及质量的影响,为盐碱地牧草种植的精准管理提供科学依据。结果表明:行距对湖南稷子鲜草产量有极显著影响(P<0.01),在H1D2(行距20 cm、播量11.25 kg·hm-2)处理下鲜草产量最高,为36129.17 kg·hm-2;种子产量在H5D1(行距60 cm、播量7.50 kg·hm-2)处理下最高,达1631.95 kg·hm-2。H3D1(行距40 cm、播量7.50 kg·hm-2)处理的发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数最高,表明该处理下种子质量最优。行距对种子的小穗数、穗重、穗长和发芽势均有极显著影响(P<0.01),而播量对实际种子产量、发芽率和发芽势有极显著影响(P<0.01),行距和播量的交互作用对实际种子产量以及种子的各项指标均产生极显著影响(P<0.01)。相关性分析显示,行距与穗重、总穗数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与鲜草产量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);通径分析表明,总穗数对种子产量的直接贡献最大。主成分分析结果表明,H5D1处理的综合得分最高。因此,为实现盐碱地湖南稷子饲草和种子的高产,建议鲜草生产采用窄行距(20 cm)和中等播量(11.25 kg·hm-2),种子生产则以宽行距(60 cm)和低播量(7.50 kg·hm-2)为宜。
项凌飞, 张峰举, 李跃, 王学琴, 刘金龙, 马巧利. 不同行距和播量对盐碱地湖南稷子饲草及种子产量和质量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(5): 126-138.
Ling-fei XIANG, Feng-ju ZHANG, Yue LI, Xue-qin WANG, Jin-long LIU, Qiao-li MA. Effects of varied row spacings and sowing rates on forage and seed yield and quality of Echinochloa frumentacea in saline-alkali land[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(5): 126-138.
行距 Rowing spacing | 播量 Sowing rate | 株高 Plant height (m) | 茎粗 Stem diameter (mm) | 鲜草产量 Fresh yield (kg·hm-2) | 叶面积指数 Leaf area index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1 | D1 | 1.33±0.13bcd | 4.72±0.69b | 27791.67±1470.60abcd | 0.96±0.06b |
| D2 | 1.43±0.15abcd | 5.39±1.15ab | 36129.17±7555.04a | 1.01±0.05ab | |
| D3 | 1.32±0.17cd | 4.83±1.14b | 32516.25±3820.72ab | 1.16±0.07a | |
| H2 | D1 | 1.29±0.15d | 4.75±1.10b | 24271.39±2981.76abcd | 1.01±0.04ab |
| D2 | 1.52±0.24abcd | 5.01±1.00ab | 31145.19±4965.34abc | 1.02±0.07ab | |
| D3 | 1.51±0.15abcd | 5.46±0.86ab | 29459.17±1667.50abcd | 1.06±0.07ab | |
| H3 | D1 | 1.53±0.28abc | 5.43±1.41ab | 22955.92±2021.74bcd | 1.05±0.07ab |
| D2 | 1.36±0.20abcd | 4.56±1.05b | 21399.58±3391.95bcd | 0.76±0.07d | |
| D3 | 1.46±0.19abcd | 6.03±1.06a | 18027.53±3652.23d | 0.95±0.03bc | |
| H4 | D1 | 1.39±0.12abcd | 5.00±1.11ab | 19231.83±1747.12cd | 0.90±0.05bcd |
| D2 | 1.47±0.24abcd | 4.85±0.82b | 25901.83±4565.96abcd | 1.00±0.04ab | |
| D3 | 1.45±0.29abcd | 5.36±0.90ab | 19231.83±4058.73cd | 0.79±0.05cd | |
| H5 | D1 | 1.58±0.18a | 5.21±0.78ab | 23159.72±2598.85bcd | 1.04±0.04ab |
| D2 | 1.56±0.35ab | 5.12±1.24ab | 23067.08±4008.17bcd | 0.95±0.05bc | |
| D3 | 1.38±0.15abcd | 4.93±0.74ab | 20565.83±2048.56bcd | 1.05±0.03ab | |
| 显著性检验(F值) Significance test (F value) | |||||
| 行距Rowing spacing (H) | 0.68NS | 0.44NS | 5.43** | 2.53NS | |
| 播量Sowing rate (D) | 0.27NS | 0.44NS | 1.78NS | 0.70NS | |
| 行距×播量H×D | 0.79NS | 0.90NS | 0.53NS | 2.04NS | |
表1 行距和播量对湖南稷子农艺性状的影响
Table1 Effects of row spacing and seeding rate on agronomic traits of E. frumentacea
行距 Rowing spacing | 播量 Sowing rate | 株高 Plant height (m) | 茎粗 Stem diameter (mm) | 鲜草产量 Fresh yield (kg·hm-2) | 叶面积指数 Leaf area index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1 | D1 | 1.33±0.13bcd | 4.72±0.69b | 27791.67±1470.60abcd | 0.96±0.06b |
| D2 | 1.43±0.15abcd | 5.39±1.15ab | 36129.17±7555.04a | 1.01±0.05ab | |
| D3 | 1.32±0.17cd | 4.83±1.14b | 32516.25±3820.72ab | 1.16±0.07a | |
| H2 | D1 | 1.29±0.15d | 4.75±1.10b | 24271.39±2981.76abcd | 1.01±0.04ab |
| D2 | 1.52±0.24abcd | 5.01±1.00ab | 31145.19±4965.34abc | 1.02±0.07ab | |
| D3 | 1.51±0.15abcd | 5.46±0.86ab | 29459.17±1667.50abcd | 1.06±0.07ab | |
| H3 | D1 | 1.53±0.28abc | 5.43±1.41ab | 22955.92±2021.74bcd | 1.05±0.07ab |
| D2 | 1.36±0.20abcd | 4.56±1.05b | 21399.58±3391.95bcd | 0.76±0.07d | |
| D3 | 1.46±0.19abcd | 6.03±1.06a | 18027.53±3652.23d | 0.95±0.03bc | |
| H4 | D1 | 1.39±0.12abcd | 5.00±1.11ab | 19231.83±1747.12cd | 0.90±0.05bcd |
| D2 | 1.47±0.24abcd | 4.85±0.82b | 25901.83±4565.96abcd | 1.00±0.04ab | |
| D3 | 1.45±0.29abcd | 5.36±0.90ab | 19231.83±4058.73cd | 0.79±0.05cd | |
| H5 | D1 | 1.58±0.18a | 5.21±0.78ab | 23159.72±2598.85bcd | 1.04±0.04ab |
| D2 | 1.56±0.35ab | 5.12±1.24ab | 23067.08±4008.17bcd | 0.95±0.05bc | |
| D3 | 1.38±0.15abcd | 4.93±0.74ab | 20565.83±2048.56bcd | 1.05±0.03ab | |
| 显著性检验(F值) Significance test (F value) | |||||
| 行距Rowing spacing (H) | 0.68NS | 0.44NS | 5.43** | 2.53NS | |
| 播量Sowing rate (D) | 0.27NS | 0.44NS | 1.78NS | 0.70NS | |
| 行距×播量H×D | 0.79NS | 0.90NS | 0.53NS | 2.04NS | |
处理 Treatment | 小穗数 Spikelet number | 总穗数 Total spike number | 穗重 Spike weight | 穗长 Spike length | 千粒重 Thousand-grain weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 行距H | 5.428** | 1.702NS | 10.760** | 9.296** | 0.218NS |
| 播量D | 1.776NS | 0.366NS | 0.839NS | 0.734NS | 0.561NS |
| 行距×播量H×D | 0.53NS | 0.750NS | 0.454NS | 9.445** | 0.776NS |
表2 行距与播量对湖南稷子种子产量相关因子影响的方差分析
Table 2 Variance analysis of the effects of row spacing and seeding rate on seed yield related factors of E. frumentacea
处理 Treatment | 小穗数 Spikelet number | 总穗数 Total spike number | 穗重 Spike weight | 穗长 Spike length | 千粒重 Thousand-grain weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 行距H | 5.428** | 1.702NS | 10.760** | 9.296** | 0.218NS |
| 播量D | 1.776NS | 0.366NS | 0.839NS | 0.734NS | 0.561NS |
| 行距×播量H×D | 0.53NS | 0.750NS | 0.454NS | 9.445** | 0.776NS |
图1 不同行距与播量对湖南稷子产量构成因子的影响不同小写字母表示不同行距、播量处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different row spacing and sowing rate treatments (P<0.05). The same below.
Fig.1 Effects of different row spacing and sowing rate on yield component factors of E. frumentacea
处理 Treatment | 实际种子产量 Actual seed yield | 发芽率 Germination rate | 发芽势 Germination potential | 发芽指数 Germination index | 活力指数 Vigour index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 行距H | 1.046NS | 3.492* | 8.498** | 1.206NS | 1.840NS |
| 播量D | 9.794** | 13.364** | 11.676** | 5.326* | 3.555* |
| 行距×播量H×D | 6.611** | 5.827** | 16.411** | 3.961** | 9.132** |
表3 不同行距与播量对湖南稷子种子产量和质量影响的方差分析
Table 3 Variance analysis of effects of different row spacing and seeding rate on seed yield and quality of E. frumentacea
处理 Treatment | 实际种子产量 Actual seed yield | 发芽率 Germination rate | 发芽势 Germination potential | 发芽指数 Germination index | 活力指数 Vigour index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 行距H | 1.046NS | 3.492* | 8.498** | 1.206NS | 1.840NS |
| 播量D | 9.794** | 13.364** | 11.676** | 5.326* | 3.555* |
| 行距×播量H×D | 6.611** | 5.827** | 16.411** | 3.961** | 9.132** |
图4 行距和播量对湖南稷子农艺性状、产量及种子质量的相关性分析PH: 株高Plant height; ST: 茎粗Stem diameter; FY: 鲜草产量Fresh yield; LAI: 叶面积指数Leaf area index; SN: 小穗数Spikelet number; TSN: 总穗数Total spike number; SW: 穗重Spike weight; SL: 穗长Spike length; TGW: 千粒重Thousand-grain weight; GR: 发芽率Germination rate; GP: 发芽势Germination potential; GI: 发芽指数Germination index; VI: 活力指数Vigour index; ASY: 实际种子产量Actual seed yield; H: 行距Row spacing; D: 播量Sowing rate. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01.
Fig.4 Correlation analysis of row spacing and sowing rate on agronomic traits, yield and seed quality of E. frumentacea
因子 Factor | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient | 直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient | 间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| →X1 | →X2 | →X3 | →X4 | →X5 | 合计Total | |||
| X1 | -0.155 | -0.790 | 0.029 | -0.067 | 0.717 | -0.043 | 0.636 | |
| X2 | 0.647 | 0.950 | -0.024 | -0.432 | 0.083 | 0.069 | -0.304 | |
| X3 | 0.393 | -0.539 | -0.098 | 0.077 | 0.222 | 0.046 | 0.247 | |
| X4 | 0.859 | 0.850 | -0.666 | 0.093 | -0.141 | -0.046 | -0.760 | |
| X5 | 0.387 | 0.146 | 0.233 | 0.448 | -0.171 | -0.270 | 0.240 | |
表4 湖南稷子种子产量与构成因素的通径分析
Table 4 Path analysis of seed yield and component factors of E. frumentacea
因子 Factor | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient | 直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient | 间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| →X1 | →X2 | →X3 | →X4 | →X5 | 合计Total | |||
| X1 | -0.155 | -0.790 | 0.029 | -0.067 | 0.717 | -0.043 | 0.636 | |
| X2 | 0.647 | 0.950 | -0.024 | -0.432 | 0.083 | 0.069 | -0.304 | |
| X3 | 0.393 | -0.539 | -0.098 | 0.077 | 0.222 | 0.046 | 0.247 | |
| X4 | 0.859 | 0.850 | -0.666 | 0.093 | -0.141 | -0.046 | -0.760 | |
| X5 | 0.387 | 0.146 | 0.233 | 0.448 | -0.171 | -0.270 | 0.240 | |
项目 Items | 主成分Principal component | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | Ⅴ | |
| 株高Plant height | 0.914 | -0.288 | 0.222 | -0.016 | 0.026 |
| 茎粗Stem diameter | 0.629 | -0.341 | -0.521 | 0.173 | 0.271 |
| 鲜草产量Fresh yield | 0.134 | 0.855 | 0.112 | -0.008 | 0.368 |
| 叶面积指数Leaf area index | 0.270 | 0.563 | 0.053 | 0.526 | 0.325 |
| 小穗数Spikelet number | 0.521 | -0.666 | -0.440 | -0.042 | 0.114 |
| 总穗数Total spike number | 0.036 | -0.537 | 0.771 | 0.007 | 0.189 |
| 穗重Spike weight | 0.239 | -0.577 | 0.659 | 0.060 | -0.256 |
| 穗长Spike length | 0.766 | -0.471 | -0.220 | 0.084 | 0.145 |
| 千粒重Thousand-grain weight | -0.344 | -0.088 | 0.703 | 0.100 | -0.067 |
| 实际种子产量Actual seed yield | 0.307 | 0.050 | 0.776 | -0.157 | 0.482 |
| 发芽率Germination rate | 0.629 | 0.441 | 0.022 | -0.586 | -0.167 |
| 发芽势Germination potential | 0.444 | 0.201 | 0.167 | 0.618 | -0.532 |
| 发芽指数Germination index | 0.761 | 0.398 | 0.142 | -0.338 | -0.331 |
| 活力指数Vigour index | 0.716 | 0.504 | 0.162 | 0.197 | -0.035 |
| 特征值Eigenvalue | 4.135 | 3.190 | 2.778 | 1.232 | 1.110 |
| 方差贡献率Variance contribution rate (%) | 29.536 | 22.789 | 19.843 | 8.803 | 7.930 |
| 累积贡献率Accumulative contribution rate (%) | 29.536 | 52.325 | 72.168 | 80.971 | 88.901 |
表5 各因子载荷值与主成分特征值和累积贡献率
Table 5 Loading values of each factor, principal component eigenvalue and accumulative contribution rate
项目 Items | 主成分Principal component | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | Ⅴ | |
| 株高Plant height | 0.914 | -0.288 | 0.222 | -0.016 | 0.026 |
| 茎粗Stem diameter | 0.629 | -0.341 | -0.521 | 0.173 | 0.271 |
| 鲜草产量Fresh yield | 0.134 | 0.855 | 0.112 | -0.008 | 0.368 |
| 叶面积指数Leaf area index | 0.270 | 0.563 | 0.053 | 0.526 | 0.325 |
| 小穗数Spikelet number | 0.521 | -0.666 | -0.440 | -0.042 | 0.114 |
| 总穗数Total spike number | 0.036 | -0.537 | 0.771 | 0.007 | 0.189 |
| 穗重Spike weight | 0.239 | -0.577 | 0.659 | 0.060 | -0.256 |
| 穗长Spike length | 0.766 | -0.471 | -0.220 | 0.084 | 0.145 |
| 千粒重Thousand-grain weight | -0.344 | -0.088 | 0.703 | 0.100 | -0.067 |
| 实际种子产量Actual seed yield | 0.307 | 0.050 | 0.776 | -0.157 | 0.482 |
| 发芽率Germination rate | 0.629 | 0.441 | 0.022 | -0.586 | -0.167 |
| 发芽势Germination potential | 0.444 | 0.201 | 0.167 | 0.618 | -0.532 |
| 发芽指数Germination index | 0.761 | 0.398 | 0.142 | -0.338 | -0.331 |
| 活力指数Vigour index | 0.716 | 0.504 | 0.162 | 0.197 | -0.035 |
| 特征值Eigenvalue | 4.135 | 3.190 | 2.778 | 1.232 | 1.110 |
| 方差贡献率Variance contribution rate (%) | 29.536 | 22.789 | 19.843 | 8.803 | 7.930 |
| 累积贡献率Accumulative contribution rate (%) | 29.536 | 52.325 | 72.168 | 80.971 | 88.901 |
| 处理Treatment | Y1 | Y2 | Y3 | Y4 | Y5 | Y | 排名Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1D1 | -2.243 | 1.426 | 0.149 | 0.263 | -0.451 | -0.361 | 9 |
| H1D2 | 0.844 | 2.487 | -0.147 | 0.705 | 0.695 | 1.017 | 3 |
| H1D3 | -1.342 | 3.386 | -0.682 | -0.500 | 0.874 | 0.298 | 8 |
| H2D1 | -3.678 | -0.062 | -1.049 | 1.259 | 0.144 | -1.335 | 15 |
| H2D2 | 1.235 | -0.071 | 1.383 | -1.026 | 2.306 | 0.805 | 4 |
| H2D3 | 2.252 | 1.737 | -1.737 | -0.341 | -0.223 | 0.752 | 5 |
| H3D1 | 3.355 | 0.693 | -0.924 | 1.022 | -1.232 | 1.078 | 2 |
| H3D2 | -1.733 | 0.045 | 0.802 | -2.953 | -1.152 | -0.780 | 11 |
| H3D3 | 1.031 | -2.789 | -3.386 | -0.239 | 1.393 | -1.028 | 13 |
| H4D1 | -1.997 | -1.316 | -0.311 | 0.850 | -0.048 | -0.990 | 12 |
| H4D2 | 0.432 | 0.552 | 2.043 | -0.022 | -0.522 | 0.692 | 6 |
| H4D3 | -0.831 | -2.769 | -0.669 | -0.837 | -0.359 | -1.250 | 14 |
| H5D1 | 1.589 | -1.578 | 3.663 | 0.698 | 0.818 | 1.083 | 1 |
| H5D2 | 2.396 | -0.738 | -0.239 | -0.256 | -1.600 | 0.386 | 7 |
| H5D3 | -1.311 | -1.002 | 1.105 | 1.378 | -0.644 | -0.367 | 10 |
表6 不同处理公因子值及综合排名
Table 6 Common factor values and comprehensive ranking of different treatments
| 处理Treatment | Y1 | Y2 | Y3 | Y4 | Y5 | Y | 排名Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1D1 | -2.243 | 1.426 | 0.149 | 0.263 | -0.451 | -0.361 | 9 |
| H1D2 | 0.844 | 2.487 | -0.147 | 0.705 | 0.695 | 1.017 | 3 |
| H1D3 | -1.342 | 3.386 | -0.682 | -0.500 | 0.874 | 0.298 | 8 |
| H2D1 | -3.678 | -0.062 | -1.049 | 1.259 | 0.144 | -1.335 | 15 |
| H2D2 | 1.235 | -0.071 | 1.383 | -1.026 | 2.306 | 0.805 | 4 |
| H2D3 | 2.252 | 1.737 | -1.737 | -0.341 | -0.223 | 0.752 | 5 |
| H3D1 | 3.355 | 0.693 | -0.924 | 1.022 | -1.232 | 1.078 | 2 |
| H3D2 | -1.733 | 0.045 | 0.802 | -2.953 | -1.152 | -0.780 | 11 |
| H3D3 | 1.031 | -2.789 | -3.386 | -0.239 | 1.393 | -1.028 | 13 |
| H4D1 | -1.997 | -1.316 | -0.311 | 0.850 | -0.048 | -0.990 | 12 |
| H4D2 | 0.432 | 0.552 | 2.043 | -0.022 | -0.522 | 0.692 | 6 |
| H4D3 | -0.831 | -2.769 | -0.669 | -0.837 | -0.359 | -1.250 | 14 |
| H5D1 | 1.589 | -1.578 | 3.663 | 0.698 | 0.818 | 1.083 | 1 |
| H5D2 | 2.396 | -0.738 | -0.239 | -0.256 | -1.600 | 0.386 | 7 |
| H5D3 | -1.311 | -1.002 | 1.105 | 1.378 | -0.644 | -0.367 | 10 |
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