草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 185-195.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024324
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
项凌飞1(
), 张峰举2, 麻冬梅2, 刘金龙3, 兰剑1, 邓建强1, 胡海英1, 王斌1, 蔡春江1, 马巧利1(
)
收稿日期:2024-08-26
修回日期:2024-11-11
出版日期:2025-07-20
发布日期:2025-05-12
通讯作者:
马巧利
作者简介:E-mail: mql_2008@126.com基金资助:
Ling-fei XIANG1(
), Feng-ju ZHANG2, Dong-mei MA2, Jin-long LIU3, Jian LAN1, Jian-qiang DENG1, Hai-ying HU1, Bin WANG1, Chun-jiang CAI1, Qiao-li MA1(
)
Received:2024-08-26
Revised:2024-11-11
Online:2025-07-20
Published:2025-05-12
Contact:
Qiao-li MA
摘要:
宁夏北部地区由于盐碱地分布广泛,造成土壤肥力差、肥料利用率低等问题,严重制约我国饲草安全。湖南稷子作为一种适应性广、耐盐碱性强的植物,是盐碱地改良和发展草畜产业的重要材料。为探究在盐碱地上适宜湖南稷子生长的施肥量,本试验采用“3414”设计,研究了不同施肥处理对湖南稷子生产性能及营养品质的影响。结果表明:N2P1K1(N:180 kg·hm-2;P2O5:45 kg·hm-2;K2O:30 kg·hm-2)处理的平均株高最高,为1.58 m。N2P1K1处理的鲜草和干草平均产量较不施肥处理分别显著提高了67.24%、62.09%。氮磷钾肥配施可显著提高(P<0.05)湖南稷子的营养价值,粗蛋白、粗灰分含量最高的处理均为N2P0K2(N:180 kg·hm-2;P2O5:0 kg·hm-2;K2O:60 kg·hm-2),分别为5.77%、8.75%,而相对饲喂价值与干物质消化率、总可消化养分、泌乳净能均在N0P2K2(N:0 kg·hm-2;P2O5:90 kg·hm-2;K2O:60 kg·hm-2)处理下最高。经主成分综合分析得出,在N2P1K1处理下排名最高,说明在配施N 180 kg·hm-2,P2O5 45kg·hm-2,K2O 30 kg·hm-2时,最适宜湖南稷子在宁夏北部盐碱地生长。
项凌飞, 张峰举, 麻冬梅, 刘金龙, 兰剑, 邓建强, 胡海英, 王斌, 蔡春江, 马巧利. 氮磷钾配施对盐碱地湖南稷子生产性能和营养品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(7): 185-195.
Ling-fei XIANG, Feng-ju ZHANG, Dong-mei MA, Jin-long LIU, Jian LAN, Jian-qiang DENG, Hai-ying HU, Bin WANG, Chun-jiang CAI, Qiao-li MA. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium rationing on production performance and nutritional quality of Echinochloa frumentacea in saline soil[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(7): 185-195.
| 处理Treatments | N | P2O5 | K2O |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 90 | 45 | 30 |
| 2 | 180 | 90 | 60 |
| 3 | 270 | 135 | 90 |
表1 “3414”试验各因素施肥水平
Table 1 Fertilization level of each factor in “3414” experiment (kg·hm-2)
| 处理Treatments | N | P2O5 | K2O |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 90 | 45 | 30 |
| 2 | 180 | 90 | 60 |
| 3 | 270 | 135 | 90 |
编号 Code | 处理 Treatments | 施肥量Fertilizer | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | P2O5 | K2O | ||
| 1 | N0P0K0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | N0P2K2 | 0 | 90 | 60 |
| 3 | N1P2K2 | 90 | 90 | 60 |
| 4 | N2P0K2 | 180 | 0 | 60 |
| 5 | N2P1K2 | 180 | 45 | 60 |
| 6 | N2P2K2 | 180 | 90 | 60 |
| 7 | N2P3K2 | 180 | 135 | 60 |
| 8 | N2P2K0 | 180 | 90 | 0 |
| 9 | N2P2K1 | 180 | 90 | 30 |
| 10 | N2P2K3 | 180 | 90 | 90 |
| 11 | N3P2K2 | 270 | 90 | 60 |
| 12 | N1P1K2 | 90 | 45 | 60 |
| 13 | N1P2K1 | 90 | 90 | 30 |
| 14 | N2P1K1 | 180 | 45 | 30 |
表 2 “3414”试验设计方案
Table 2 “3414” experimental design scheme (kg·hm-2)
编号 Code | 处理 Treatments | 施肥量Fertilizer | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | P2O5 | K2O | ||
| 1 | N0P0K0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | N0P2K2 | 0 | 90 | 60 |
| 3 | N1P2K2 | 90 | 90 | 60 |
| 4 | N2P0K2 | 180 | 0 | 60 |
| 5 | N2P1K2 | 180 | 45 | 60 |
| 6 | N2P2K2 | 180 | 90 | 60 |
| 7 | N2P3K2 | 180 | 135 | 60 |
| 8 | N2P2K0 | 180 | 90 | 0 |
| 9 | N2P2K1 | 180 | 90 | 30 |
| 10 | N2P2K3 | 180 | 90 | 90 |
| 11 | N3P2K2 | 270 | 90 | 60 |
| 12 | N1P1K2 | 90 | 45 | 60 |
| 13 | N1P2K1 | 90 | 90 | 30 |
| 14 | N2P1K1 | 180 | 45 | 30 |
图2 不同施肥水平对湖南稷子株高的影响不同小写字母表示不同施肥水平间差异显著(P<0.05),下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different fertilization levels (P<0.05), the same below.
Fig.2 Effect of different fertilization levels on plant height of E. frumentacea
图5 施肥对湖南稷子抽穗期粗蛋白、粗灰分、粗脂肪和相对饲喂价值的影响
Fig.5 Effect of fertilization on crude protein, crude ash, ether extract and relative feed value at heading stage of E. frumentacea
图6 施肥对湖南稷子抽穗期干物质采食量、干物质消化率、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、总可消化养分和泌乳净能的影响
Fig.6 Effect of fertilization on dry matter intake, dry matter digestibility, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, total digestible nutrient and net energy for lactation at heading stage of E. frumentacea
图7 相关性分析Ph: 株高Plant height; SPAD: 叶绿素相对含量Relative chlorophyll content; DM: 干草产量Hay yield; CP: 粗蛋白Crude protein; Ash: 粗灰分Crude ash; EE: 粗脂肪Ether extract; RFV: 相对饲喂价值Relative feeding value; NDF: 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber; ADF: 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber; DMI: 干物质采食量Dry matter intake; DDM: 干物质消化率Dry matter digestibility; TDN: 总可消化养分Total digestible nutrients; NEL: 泌乳净能Net energy for lactation. *: P<0.05.
Fig.7 Correlation analysis
项目 Items | 主成分Principal component | 项目 Items | 主成分Principal component | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | III | I | II | III | ||
| 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 0.986 | -0.020 | -0.114 | 粗灰分Crude ash | 0.809 | 0.299 | -0.355 |
| 总可消化养分Total digestible nutrients | -0.986 | 0.019 | 0.115 | 株高Plant height | 0.790 | 0.035 | 0.219 |
| 泌乳净能Net energy for lactation | -0.986 | 0.020 | 0.114 | 粗蛋白Crude protein | 0.414 | 0.783 | -0.295 |
| 干物质消化率Dry matter digestibility | -0.986 | 0.020 | 0.114 | 叶绿素相对含量Relative chlorophyll content | 0.272 | 0.637 | 0.343 |
| 相对饲喂价值Relative feeding value | -0.984 | 0.110 | 0.041 | 粗脂肪Ether extract | 0.155 | 0.261 | 0.750 |
| 干物质采食量Dry matter intake | -0.967 | 0.172 | 0.001 | 特征值Eigenvalue | 9.666 | 1.312 | 1.196 |
| 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 0.964 | -0.193 | -0.002 | 方差贡献率Variance contribution rate (%) | 69.041 | 9.368 | 8.542 |
| 鲜草产量Fresh grass yield | 0.850 | -0.188 | 0.273 | 累积贡献率Accumulative contribution rate (%) | 69.041 | 78.409 | 86.951 |
| 干草产量Hay yield | 0.819 | -0.133 | 0.355 | ||||
表3 各因子载荷值主成分特征值和累计贡献率
Table 3 Feature vector of each factor, principal component eigenvalue and accumulative contribution rate
项目 Items | 主成分Principal component | 项目 Items | 主成分Principal component | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | II | III | I | II | III | ||
| 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 0.986 | -0.020 | -0.114 | 粗灰分Crude ash | 0.809 | 0.299 | -0.355 |
| 总可消化养分Total digestible nutrients | -0.986 | 0.019 | 0.115 | 株高Plant height | 0.790 | 0.035 | 0.219 |
| 泌乳净能Net energy for lactation | -0.986 | 0.020 | 0.114 | 粗蛋白Crude protein | 0.414 | 0.783 | -0.295 |
| 干物质消化率Dry matter digestibility | -0.986 | 0.020 | 0.114 | 叶绿素相对含量Relative chlorophyll content | 0.272 | 0.637 | 0.343 |
| 相对饲喂价值Relative feeding value | -0.984 | 0.110 | 0.041 | 粗脂肪Ether extract | 0.155 | 0.261 | 0.750 |
| 干物质采食量Dry matter intake | -0.967 | 0.172 | 0.001 | 特征值Eigenvalue | 9.666 | 1.312 | 1.196 |
| 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 0.964 | -0.193 | -0.002 | 方差贡献率Variance contribution rate (%) | 69.041 | 9.368 | 8.542 |
| 鲜草产量Fresh grass yield | 0.850 | -0.188 | 0.273 | 累积贡献率Accumulative contribution rate (%) | 69.041 | 78.409 | 86.951 |
| 干草产量Hay yield | 0.819 | -0.133 | 0.355 | ||||
| 材料Materials | Y1 | Y2 | Y3 | Y | 排名Ranking | 材料Materials | Y1 | Y2 | Y3 | Y | 排名Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N0P0K0 | -3.51 | 0.35 | -1.37 | -2.51 | 13 | N2P2K0 | -0.02 | -0.60 | 0.54 | -0.03 | 9 |
| N0P2K2 | -7.05 | 0.48 | 0.23 | -4.80 | 14 | N2P2K1 | 0.89 | -0.28 | 0.25 | 0.61 | 8 |
| N1P2K2 | -1.64 | -0.22 | -0.18 | -1.17 | 10 | N2P2K3 | 1.57 | -0.41 | 0.02 | 1.05 | 5 |
| N2P1K1 | 4.18 | 3.16 | -0.30 | 3.15 | 1 | N3P2K2 | 2.90 | -0.65 | -1.30 | 1.83 | 3 |
| N2P1K2 | 0.98 | -0.97 | 1.20 | 0.69 | 7 | N1P1K2 | -2.31 | -0.82 | 1.07 | -1.58 | 11 |
| N2P2K2 | 0.65 | 1.22 | 2.42 | 0.77 | 6 | N1P2K1 | -2.60 | 0.61 | -1.57 | -1.87 | 12 |
| N2P3K2 | 2.49 | -0.48 | -0.55 | 1.63 | 4 | N2P0K2 | 3.47 | -1.39 | -0.46 | 2.22 | 2 |
表4 不同处理公因子值及综合排名
Table 4 Common factor values and comprehensive ranking of different treatments
| 材料Materials | Y1 | Y2 | Y3 | Y | 排名Ranking | 材料Materials | Y1 | Y2 | Y3 | Y | 排名Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N0P0K0 | -3.51 | 0.35 | -1.37 | -2.51 | 13 | N2P2K0 | -0.02 | -0.60 | 0.54 | -0.03 | 9 |
| N0P2K2 | -7.05 | 0.48 | 0.23 | -4.80 | 14 | N2P2K1 | 0.89 | -0.28 | 0.25 | 0.61 | 8 |
| N1P2K2 | -1.64 | -0.22 | -0.18 | -1.17 | 10 | N2P2K3 | 1.57 | -0.41 | 0.02 | 1.05 | 5 |
| N2P1K1 | 4.18 | 3.16 | -0.30 | 3.15 | 1 | N3P2K2 | 2.90 | -0.65 | -1.30 | 1.83 | 3 |
| N2P1K2 | 0.98 | -0.97 | 1.20 | 0.69 | 7 | N1P1K2 | -2.31 | -0.82 | 1.07 | -1.58 | 11 |
| N2P2K2 | 0.65 | 1.22 | 2.42 | 0.77 | 6 | N1P2K1 | -2.60 | 0.61 | -1.57 | -1.87 | 12 |
| N2P3K2 | 2.49 | -0.48 | -0.55 | 1.63 | 4 | N2P0K2 | 3.47 | -1.39 | -0.46 | 2.22 | 2 |
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