草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 48-60.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025241
杨雪琴1(
), 李建平1,2,3(
), 陈婧1, 连佳丽1, 韩翠1, 罗叙1, 赵莹1
收稿日期:2025-06-19
修回日期:2025-08-19
出版日期:2026-05-20
发布日期:2026-03-11
通讯作者:
李建平
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: lijianpingsas@nxu.edu.cn基金资助:
Xue-qin YANG1(
), Jian-ping LI1,2,3(
), Jing CHEN1, Jia-li LIAN1, Cui HAN1, Xu LUO1, Ying ZHAO1
Received:2025-06-19
Revised:2025-08-19
Online:2026-05-20
Published:2026-03-11
Contact:
Jian-ping LI
摘要:
作为陆地生态系统碳氮汇的重要贡献者,草地生态系统在调节全球碳氮源、汇及其循环过程中具有重要作用。本研究以毛乌素沙地南缘宁夏盐池县温性荒漠草原为对象,采用遮雨棚技术和人工补水措施,模拟5个水平的降水梯度,分别为自然降水量的33%、66%、100%、133%和166%(记为R33、R66、CK、R133、R166),系统研究了2018-2024年不同降水梯度下植被-土壤碳氮储量及固持速率的变化规律。经过6年降水控制模拟试验,结果表明:1)表层(0~10 cm)土壤碳氮储量受降水变化更敏感,降水减少导致表层土壤碳氮储量随处理年限增加呈下降趋势;降水增加使表层土壤碳氮储量呈上升趋势;2)降水增加时,植被碳氮储量随处理年限的增加显著上升;3)增水处理下,植被碳储量占草地生态系统碳储量的比重随时间增加呈上升趋势,2024年达到最大占比;随着降水量的减少和处理年限的增加,草地生态系统碳氮流失加剧,降水增加使草地生态系统碳氮固持速率呈上升趋势。因此,降水增加有助于植被-土壤生态系统碳氮储量增加及固持速率提高,降水减少导致碳氮流失加剧,研究结果为深入理解草地生态系统碳氮循环过程中的关键环节对降水变化的响应规律提供了参考。
杨雪琴, 李建平, 陈婧, 连佳丽, 韩翠, 罗叙, 赵莹. 降水变化对荒漠草原生态系统碳氮储量及固持速率的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(5): 48-60.
Xue-qin YANG, Jian-ping LI, Jing CHEN, Jia-li LIAN, Cui HAN, Xu LUO, Ying ZHAO. The impact of precipitation changes on carbon and nitrogen storage and retention rates in desert steppe ecosystems[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(5): 48-60.
| 年份Year | 降水量Precipitation (mm) |
|---|---|
| 2018 | 360.0 |
| 2019 | 323.1 |
| 2020 | 205.2 |
| 2021 | 226.0 |
| 2022 | 313.2 |
| 2023 | 264.1 |
| 2024 | 332.4 |
表1 2018-2024年宁夏盐池县年降水量
Table 1 Annual precipitation of Yanchi County, Ningxia from 2018 to 2024
| 年份Year | 降水量Precipitation (mm) |
|---|---|
| 2018 | 360.0 |
| 2019 | 323.1 |
| 2020 | 205.2 |
| 2021 | 226.0 |
| 2022 | 313.2 |
| 2023 | 264.1 |
| 2024 | 332.4 |
图1 荒漠草原40年间(1981-2020年)降水概率密度函数和2018-2024年模拟降水处理变化
Fig.1 Estimated probability density function of precipitation in desert steppe for 40 years (1981-2020) and the precipitation manipulation induced statistical changes in precipitation treatment in 2018-2024
图3 降水变化对不同土层土壤有机碳储量的影响*, **和***分别表示P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001,ns表示不显著。误差线表示标准误。下同。*, ** and *** indicate significant differences at 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 levels, respectively, ns indicates not significant. The error line represents the standard error. The same below.
Fig.3 Impact of precipitation changes on soil organic carbon storage in different soil layers
降水梯度 Precipitation gradient | 土层深度Soil depth (cm) | 土壤有机碳固持速率 Soil organic carbon sequestration rate (g·m-2·a-1) | 土壤全氮固持速率 Soil total nitrogen sequestration rate (g·m-2·a-1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-2021 | 2021-2024 | 2018-2024 | 2018-2021 | 2021-2024 | 2018-2024 | ||
| R33 | 0~10 | -1.66±0.03b | -0.64±0.06a | -1.15±0.02ab | -0.19±0.00a | -0.27±0.01a | -0.23±0.00a |
| 10~20 | 0.53±0.04a | -3.56±0.08c | -1.51±0.04b | 0.03±0.00b | 0.20±0.01a | 0.10±0.00b | |
| 20~30 | -0.39±0.05a | -0.73±0.03a | -0.56±0.02a | -0.09±0.01a | -0.10±0.00a | -0.09±0.00a | |
| R66 | 0~10 | -1.36±0.04b | -0.61±0.02a | -0.99±0.03ab | -0.27±0.03a | -0.13±0.00a | -0.20±0.01a |
| 10~20 | -1.56±0.04a | -1.54±0.03a | -1.55±0.02a | -0.46±0.01a | -0.18±0.01a | -0.27±0.01a | |
| 20~30 | 0.01±0.06a | -1.49±0.09b | -0.75±0.02ab | -0.15±0.00a | -0.12±0.00a | -0.13±0.00a | |
| CK | 0~10 | -0.26±0.02b | 0.39±0.02a | 0.17±0.02ab | -0.09±0.01b | 0.07±0.00a | 0.02±0.00ab |
| 10~20 | 0.48±0.04a | -0.05±0.04a | 0.32±0.02a | 0.07±0.01a | -0.50±0.02c | -0.22±0.01b | |
| 20~30 | 1.11±0.06a | 0.22±0.01a | 0.65±0.04a | 0.08±0.01a | -0.05±0.00a | 0.02±0.00a | |
| R133 | 0~10 | 1.69±0.03c | 3.57±0.01a | 2.63±0.02b | 0.16±0.01b | 0.35±0.01a | 0.26±0.01ab |
| 10~20 | -0.61±0.03c | 3.02±0.05a | 1.32±0.01b | 0.16±0.01a | 0.09±0.01a | 0.12±0.00a | |
| 20~30 | 1.16±0.02a | 1.33±0.07a | 1.24±0.05a | 0.02±0.00a | 0.04±0.01a | 0.01±0.00a | |
| R166 | 0~10 | 1.96±0.08c | 5.56±0.05a | 3.76±0.03b | 0.27±0.01a | 0.05±0.01b | 0.16±0.01ab |
| 10~20 | -0.79±0.07c | 5.20±0.02a | 2.39±0.03b | 0.06±0.01a | 0.14±0.01a | 0.07±0.00a | |
| 20~30 | 1.25±0.04b | 2.32±0.04a | 1.78±0.01ab | 0.10±0.00a | 0.12±0.01a | 0.12±0.00a | |
表2 降水变化对土壤有机碳、全氮固持速率的影响
Table 2 Impact of precipitation changes on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen sequestration rates
降水梯度 Precipitation gradient | 土层深度Soil depth (cm) | 土壤有机碳固持速率 Soil organic carbon sequestration rate (g·m-2·a-1) | 土壤全氮固持速率 Soil total nitrogen sequestration rate (g·m-2·a-1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-2021 | 2021-2024 | 2018-2024 | 2018-2021 | 2021-2024 | 2018-2024 | ||
| R33 | 0~10 | -1.66±0.03b | -0.64±0.06a | -1.15±0.02ab | -0.19±0.00a | -0.27±0.01a | -0.23±0.00a |
| 10~20 | 0.53±0.04a | -3.56±0.08c | -1.51±0.04b | 0.03±0.00b | 0.20±0.01a | 0.10±0.00b | |
| 20~30 | -0.39±0.05a | -0.73±0.03a | -0.56±0.02a | -0.09±0.01a | -0.10±0.00a | -0.09±0.00a | |
| R66 | 0~10 | -1.36±0.04b | -0.61±0.02a | -0.99±0.03ab | -0.27±0.03a | -0.13±0.00a | -0.20±0.01a |
| 10~20 | -1.56±0.04a | -1.54±0.03a | -1.55±0.02a | -0.46±0.01a | -0.18±0.01a | -0.27±0.01a | |
| 20~30 | 0.01±0.06a | -1.49±0.09b | -0.75±0.02ab | -0.15±0.00a | -0.12±0.00a | -0.13±0.00a | |
| CK | 0~10 | -0.26±0.02b | 0.39±0.02a | 0.17±0.02ab | -0.09±0.01b | 0.07±0.00a | 0.02±0.00ab |
| 10~20 | 0.48±0.04a | -0.05±0.04a | 0.32±0.02a | 0.07±0.01a | -0.50±0.02c | -0.22±0.01b | |
| 20~30 | 1.11±0.06a | 0.22±0.01a | 0.65±0.04a | 0.08±0.01a | -0.05±0.00a | 0.02±0.00a | |
| R133 | 0~10 | 1.69±0.03c | 3.57±0.01a | 2.63±0.02b | 0.16±0.01b | 0.35±0.01a | 0.26±0.01ab |
| 10~20 | -0.61±0.03c | 3.02±0.05a | 1.32±0.01b | 0.16±0.01a | 0.09±0.01a | 0.12±0.00a | |
| 20~30 | 1.16±0.02a | 1.33±0.07a | 1.24±0.05a | 0.02±0.00a | 0.04±0.01a | 0.01±0.00a | |
| R166 | 0~10 | 1.96±0.08c | 5.56±0.05a | 3.76±0.03b | 0.27±0.01a | 0.05±0.01b | 0.16±0.01ab |
| 10~20 | -0.79±0.07c | 5.20±0.02a | 2.39±0.03b | 0.06±0.01a | 0.14±0.01a | 0.07±0.00a | |
| 20~30 | 1.25±0.04b | 2.32±0.04a | 1.78±0.01ab | 0.10±0.00a | 0.12±0.01a | 0.12±0.00a | |
| 降水梯度Precipitation gradient | 部位 Compartment | 植被碳固持速率 Vegetation carbon sequestration rate (g·m-2·a-1) | 植被氮固持速率 Vegetation nitrogen sequestration rate (g·m-2·a-1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-2021 | 2021-2024 | 2018-2024 | 2018-2021 | 2021-2024 | 2018-2024 | ||
| R33 | 地上Aboveground | -1.58±0.11a | -2.33±0.21b | -1.95±0.14ab | -0.09±0.00a | -0.10±0.01a | -0.10±0.00a |
| 地下Underground | 0.83±0.15a | -4.15±0.10c | -1.66±0.07b | -0.04±0.00a | -0.15±0.00c | -0.09±0.00b | |
| R66 | 地上Aboveground | -0.93±0.25a | -1.69±0.21b | -1.31±0.13ab | 0.09±0.00a | -0.16±0.00c | -0.04±0.00b |
| 地下Underground | 2.77±0.10a | -1.99±0.19c | 0.39±0.06b | 0.11±0.03a | -0.12±0.02c | 0.00±0.01b | |
| CK | 地上Aboveground | 2.08±0.26a | -0.93±0.25c | 0.58±0.01b | 0.01±0.01a | -0.21±0.00c | -0.10±0.00b |
| 地下Underground | 0.54±0.21c | 3.43±0.13a | 1.99±0.15b | 0.05±0.00a | -0.10±0.01c | -0.02±0.00b | |
| R133 | 地上Aboveground | 6.72±0.11a | 1.02±0.24c | 3.87±0.09b | 0.27±0.01a | 0.01±0.00c | 0.14±0.00b |
| 地下Underground | 10.10±0.09a | 6.30±0.70c | 8.20±0.37b | 0.41±0.01a | 0.07±0.02c | 0.22±0.02b | |
| R166 | 地上Aboveground | 6.50±0.19a | 3.59±0.22c | 5.05±0.21b | 0.30±0.01a | -0.03±0.01c | 0.14±0.00b |
| 地下Underground | 9.48±0.26c | 15.82±0.16a | 12.65±0.21b | 0.48±0.08a | 0.28±0.10a | 0.38±0.01a | |
表3 降水变化对植被碳氮固持速率的影响
Table 3 Impact of precipitation changes on vegetation carbon and nitrogen sequestration rate
| 降水梯度Precipitation gradient | 部位 Compartment | 植被碳固持速率 Vegetation carbon sequestration rate (g·m-2·a-1) | 植被氮固持速率 Vegetation nitrogen sequestration rate (g·m-2·a-1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-2021 | 2021-2024 | 2018-2024 | 2018-2021 | 2021-2024 | 2018-2024 | ||
| R33 | 地上Aboveground | -1.58±0.11a | -2.33±0.21b | -1.95±0.14ab | -0.09±0.00a | -0.10±0.01a | -0.10±0.00a |
| 地下Underground | 0.83±0.15a | -4.15±0.10c | -1.66±0.07b | -0.04±0.00a | -0.15±0.00c | -0.09±0.00b | |
| R66 | 地上Aboveground | -0.93±0.25a | -1.69±0.21b | -1.31±0.13ab | 0.09±0.00a | -0.16±0.00c | -0.04±0.00b |
| 地下Underground | 2.77±0.10a | -1.99±0.19c | 0.39±0.06b | 0.11±0.03a | -0.12±0.02c | 0.00±0.01b | |
| CK | 地上Aboveground | 2.08±0.26a | -0.93±0.25c | 0.58±0.01b | 0.01±0.01a | -0.21±0.00c | -0.10±0.00b |
| 地下Underground | 0.54±0.21c | 3.43±0.13a | 1.99±0.15b | 0.05±0.00a | -0.10±0.01c | -0.02±0.00b | |
| R133 | 地上Aboveground | 6.72±0.11a | 1.02±0.24c | 3.87±0.09b | 0.27±0.01a | 0.01±0.00c | 0.14±0.00b |
| 地下Underground | 10.10±0.09a | 6.30±0.70c | 8.20±0.37b | 0.41±0.01a | 0.07±0.02c | 0.22±0.02b | |
| R166 | 地上Aboveground | 6.50±0.19a | 3.59±0.22c | 5.05±0.21b | 0.30±0.01a | -0.03±0.01c | 0.14±0.00b |
| 地下Underground | 9.48±0.26c | 15.82±0.16a | 12.65±0.21b | 0.48±0.08a | 0.28±0.10a | 0.38±0.01a | |
降水梯度 Precipitation gradient | 生态系统碳固持速率 Ecosystem carbon sequestration rate (g·m-2·a-1) | 生态系统氮固持速率 Ecosystem nitrogen sequestration rate (g·m-2·a-1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-2021 | 2021-2024 | 2018-2024 | 2018-2021 | 2021-2024 | 2018-2024 | |
| R33 | -2.31±0.37a | -11.40±1.70c | -6.84±0.74b | -0.39±0.03a | -0.41±0.02a | -0.41±0.01a |
| R66 | -1.10±0.20a | -7.33±1.02c | -4.21±0.58b | -0.67±0.37a | -0.65±0.20a | -0.64±0.07a |
| CK | 3.50±0.77a | 3.05±0.46a | 3.37±0.64a | 0.13±0.15a | -0.80±0.13c | -0.31±0.11b |
| R133 | 19.26±0.47a | 15.24±1.71b | 17.26±1.03ab | 1.01±0.21a | 0.57±0.13b | 0.75±0.03ab |
| R166 | 18.66±1.74c | 32.48±0.78a | 25.62±1.18b | 1.21±0.06a | 0.51±0.23c | 0.86±0.09b |
表4 降水变化对生态系统碳氮固持速率的影响
Table 4 Impact of precipitation changes on ecosystem carbon and nitrogen sequestration rate
降水梯度 Precipitation gradient | 生态系统碳固持速率 Ecosystem carbon sequestration rate (g·m-2·a-1) | 生态系统氮固持速率 Ecosystem nitrogen sequestration rate (g·m-2·a-1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-2021 | 2021-2024 | 2018-2024 | 2018-2021 | 2021-2024 | 2018-2024 | |
| R33 | -2.31±0.37a | -11.40±1.70c | -6.84±0.74b | -0.39±0.03a | -0.41±0.02a | -0.41±0.01a |
| R66 | -1.10±0.20a | -7.33±1.02c | -4.21±0.58b | -0.67±0.37a | -0.65±0.20a | -0.64±0.07a |
| CK | 3.50±0.77a | 3.05±0.46a | 3.37±0.64a | 0.13±0.15a | -0.80±0.13c | -0.31±0.11b |
| R133 | 19.26±0.47a | 15.24±1.71b | 17.26±1.03ab | 1.01±0.21a | 0.57±0.13b | 0.75±0.03ab |
| R166 | 18.66±1.74c | 32.48±0.78a | 25.62±1.18b | 1.21±0.06a | 0.51±0.23c | 0.86±0.09b |
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