草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 72-84.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025163
刘瞳1,2(
), 苏日力格null1,3, 姜娜1, 庞波1, 乌日力格null1,3, 杨陶阳1,2, 张海芳1(
), 赵建宁1,2, 杨殿林1
收稿日期:2025-04-29
修回日期:2025-08-28
出版日期:2026-05-20
发布日期:2026-03-11
通讯作者:
张海芳
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: zhanghaifang01@caas.cn基金资助:
Tong LIU1,2(
), Surilige1,3, Na JIANG1, Bo PANG1, Wurilige1,3, Tao-yang YANG1,2, Hai-fang ZHANG1(
), Jian-ning ZHAO1,2, Dian-lin YANG1
Received:2025-04-29
Revised:2025-08-28
Online:2026-05-20
Published:2026-03-11
Contact:
Hai-fang ZHANG
摘要:
狼毒大戟是典型草原有毒植物,近年来在呼伦贝尔草原快速蔓延形成危害,然而其扩散机制及生态影响尚不明晰,本研究旨在通过生态位分析探讨狼毒大戟扩散对植物群落的重构机制,以及对土壤养分的影响。结果表明,随着狼毒大戟扩散程度的增加,草地植物群落中优势物种由胡枝子(优势度25.93%)替换为狼毒大戟(优势度18.90%),狼毒大戟重度危害区植物群落生物量相较于无危害对照区显著下降27%,群落间主要植物的生态位宽度呈明显收缩,群落主要植物间生态位重叠指数平均值由0.55上升至0.65,种间竞争加剧。另一方面狼毒大戟的种群扩散显著增加了土壤全氮、速效磷、铵态氮的含量,其含量相较对照区分别显著提升41.0%、29.8%、19.8%。土壤有机质含量呈先下降后上升趋势。研究结果表明,狼毒大戟通过“肥力岛”效应重构退化草地土壤养分含量,并提升了其与群落其他植物间的竞争优势,同时降低草地生产力。因此,控制狼毒大戟的扩散并促进本土植物恢复成为草地修复的关键。
刘瞳, 苏日力格null, 姜娜, 庞波, 乌日力格null, 杨陶阳, 张海芳, 赵建宁, 杨殿林. 狼毒大戟扩散对呼伦贝尔草原植物群落演替及土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(5): 72-84.
Tong LIU, Surilige, Na JIANG, Bo PANG, Wurilige, Tao-yang YANG, Hai-fang ZHANG, Jian-ning ZHAO, Dian-lin YANG. Impacts of Euphorbia fischeriana invasion on plant community succession and soil physicochemical properties in Hulunbuir grassland[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(5): 72-84.
| 序号No. | 植物名Plant name | CK | T1 | T2 | T3 | 序号No. | 植物名Plant name | CK | T1 | T2 | T3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 柄状薹草C. pediformis | 16.63 | 16.46 | 17.33 | 17.96 | 23 | 直立黄芩Scutellaria orthocalyx | - | - | - | 1.54 |
| 2 | 线叶菊F. sibiricum | 16.98 | 12.24 | 20.33 | 15.80 | 24 | 防风Saposhnikovia divaricata | 0.49 | - | 0.73 | 0.14 |
| 3 | 胡枝子L. bicolor | 25.93 | 11.33 | 10.79 | 13.66 | 25 | 冷蒿Artemisia frigida | 0.46 | 0.30 | - | 0.48 |
| 4 | 黄芩S. baicalensis | 3.87 | 25.00 | 13.73 | 10.74 | 26 | 地榆Sanguisorba officinalis | 0.21 | 0.32 | 0.58 | - |
| 5 | 狼毒大戟E. fischeriana | - | 8.30 | 16.93 | 18.90 | 27 | 二裂叶委陵菜Potentilla bifurca | 0.28 | - | - | 0.45 |
| 6 | 瓣蕊唐松草Thalictrum petaloideum | 8.48 | 2.61 | 3.35 | 2.18 | 28 | 草地早熟禾Poa pratensis | - | - | 0.42 | 0.30 |
| 7 | 羊草Leymus chinensis | 5.58 | 6.99 | 1.51 | 1.91 | 29 | 蓬子菜Galium verum | 0.06 | 0.29 | 0.15 | 0.19 |
| 8 | 沙参Adenophora stricta | 1.59 | 3.32 | 4.50 | 3.92 | 30 | 山韭Allium senescens | 0.23 | - | 0.35 | - |
| 9 | 贝加尔针茅Stipa baicalensis | 4.50 | 3.08 | 0.27 | 0.11 | 31 | 鸦葱Takhtajaniantha austriaca | - | - | 0.11 | 0.36 |
| 10 | 棉团铁线莲Clematis hexapetala | 2.15 | 1.14 | 1.38 | 2.59 | 32 | 猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia | - | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.06 |
| 11 | 花苜蓿Medicago ruthenica | 3.57 | 2.74 | 0.36 | 0.17 | 33 | 轮叶委陵菜Potentilla verticillaris | 0.12 | 0.07 | - | 0.24 |
| 12 | 细叶白头翁Pulsatilla turczaninovii | 1.87 | 1.25 | 0.49 | 1.08 | 34 | 野鸢尾Iris dichotoma | - | - | 0.34 | - |
| 13 | 裂叶蒿Artemisia laciniata | 0.33 | 2.70 | 0.91 | 0.18 | 35 | 狗舌草Senceio campestris | 0.19 | 0.09 | - | - |
| 14 | 北柴胡Bupleurum chinense | 0.59 | 0.39 | 1.87 | 1.35 | 36 | 羽茅Achnatherum sibiricum | - | - | - | 0.28 |
| 15 | 囊花鸢尾Iris ventricosa | 0.58 | 0.96 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 37 | 星毛委陵菜Potentilla acaulis | - | - | - | 0.27 |
| 16 | 菊叶委陵菜Potentilla tanacetifolia | 1.11 | 0.77 | 1.25 | 0.46 | 38 | 柳叶婆婆纳Veronica linariifolia | - | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.05 |
| 17 | 牧马豆Thermopsis lanceolata | 1.21 | 0.70 | - | 1.21 | 39 | 大头委陵菜Potentilla conferta | 0.21 | - | - | - |
| 18 | 北麻花头Serratula komarovii | 2.47 | 0.36 | - | 0.12 | 40 | 洽草Koeleria macrantha | - | - | - | 0.16 |
| 19 | 大黄花Cymbaria daurica | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.23 | 1.25 | 41 | 石竹Dianthus chinensis | 0.10 | - | - | - |
| 20 | 多叶棘豆Oxytropis myriophylla | 0.51 | 0.73 | 0.57 | 0.14 | 42 | 粗根鸢尾Iris tigridia | 0.09 | - | - | - |
| 21 | 大野豌豆Vicia sinogigantea | 0.46 | 0.75 | 0.14 | 0.39 | 43 | 柳穿鱼Linaria vulgaris | - | - | - | 0.05 |
| 22 | 大针茅Stipa grandis | 0.63 | 0.64 | - | 0.30 |
表1 狼毒大戟不同危害度处理下植物群落优势度
Table 1 Dominance of plant community under different infestation levels of E. fischeriana (%)
| 序号No. | 植物名Plant name | CK | T1 | T2 | T3 | 序号No. | 植物名Plant name | CK | T1 | T2 | T3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 柄状薹草C. pediformis | 16.63 | 16.46 | 17.33 | 17.96 | 23 | 直立黄芩Scutellaria orthocalyx | - | - | - | 1.54 |
| 2 | 线叶菊F. sibiricum | 16.98 | 12.24 | 20.33 | 15.80 | 24 | 防风Saposhnikovia divaricata | 0.49 | - | 0.73 | 0.14 |
| 3 | 胡枝子L. bicolor | 25.93 | 11.33 | 10.79 | 13.66 | 25 | 冷蒿Artemisia frigida | 0.46 | 0.30 | - | 0.48 |
| 4 | 黄芩S. baicalensis | 3.87 | 25.00 | 13.73 | 10.74 | 26 | 地榆Sanguisorba officinalis | 0.21 | 0.32 | 0.58 | - |
| 5 | 狼毒大戟E. fischeriana | - | 8.30 | 16.93 | 18.90 | 27 | 二裂叶委陵菜Potentilla bifurca | 0.28 | - | - | 0.45 |
| 6 | 瓣蕊唐松草Thalictrum petaloideum | 8.48 | 2.61 | 3.35 | 2.18 | 28 | 草地早熟禾Poa pratensis | - | - | 0.42 | 0.30 |
| 7 | 羊草Leymus chinensis | 5.58 | 6.99 | 1.51 | 1.91 | 29 | 蓬子菜Galium verum | 0.06 | 0.29 | 0.15 | 0.19 |
| 8 | 沙参Adenophora stricta | 1.59 | 3.32 | 4.50 | 3.92 | 30 | 山韭Allium senescens | 0.23 | - | 0.35 | - |
| 9 | 贝加尔针茅Stipa baicalensis | 4.50 | 3.08 | 0.27 | 0.11 | 31 | 鸦葱Takhtajaniantha austriaca | - | - | 0.11 | 0.36 |
| 10 | 棉团铁线莲Clematis hexapetala | 2.15 | 1.14 | 1.38 | 2.59 | 32 | 猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia | - | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.06 |
| 11 | 花苜蓿Medicago ruthenica | 3.57 | 2.74 | 0.36 | 0.17 | 33 | 轮叶委陵菜Potentilla verticillaris | 0.12 | 0.07 | - | 0.24 |
| 12 | 细叶白头翁Pulsatilla turczaninovii | 1.87 | 1.25 | 0.49 | 1.08 | 34 | 野鸢尾Iris dichotoma | - | - | 0.34 | - |
| 13 | 裂叶蒿Artemisia laciniata | 0.33 | 2.70 | 0.91 | 0.18 | 35 | 狗舌草Senceio campestris | 0.19 | 0.09 | - | - |
| 14 | 北柴胡Bupleurum chinense | 0.59 | 0.39 | 1.87 | 1.35 | 36 | 羽茅Achnatherum sibiricum | - | - | - | 0.28 |
| 15 | 囊花鸢尾Iris ventricosa | 0.58 | 0.96 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 37 | 星毛委陵菜Potentilla acaulis | - | - | - | 0.27 |
| 16 | 菊叶委陵菜Potentilla tanacetifolia | 1.11 | 0.77 | 1.25 | 0.46 | 38 | 柳叶婆婆纳Veronica linariifolia | - | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.05 |
| 17 | 牧马豆Thermopsis lanceolata | 1.21 | 0.70 | - | 1.21 | 39 | 大头委陵菜Potentilla conferta | 0.21 | - | - | - |
| 18 | 北麻花头Serratula komarovii | 2.47 | 0.36 | - | 0.12 | 40 | 洽草Koeleria macrantha | - | - | - | 0.16 |
| 19 | 大黄花Cymbaria daurica | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.23 | 1.25 | 41 | 石竹Dianthus chinensis | 0.10 | - | - | - |
| 20 | 多叶棘豆Oxytropis myriophylla | 0.51 | 0.73 | 0.57 | 0.14 | 42 | 粗根鸢尾Iris tigridia | 0.09 | - | - | - |
| 21 | 大野豌豆Vicia sinogigantea | 0.46 | 0.75 | 0.14 | 0.39 | 43 | 柳穿鱼Linaria vulgaris | - | - | - | 0.05 |
| 22 | 大针茅Stipa grandis | 0.63 | 0.64 | - | 0.30 |
| 项目Item | CK | T1 | T2 | T3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 狼毒大戟E. fischeriana | 0±0d | 24.79±4.79c | 39.76±2.79b | 52.91±6.02a |
| 线叶菊F. sibiricum | 60.96±18.55a | 22.08±8.91b | 29.29±5.11b | 34.87±6.50b |
| 柄状薹草C. pediformis | 37.71±3.76a | 26.21±3.20b | 29.79±3.16ab | 31.96±3.98ab |
| 胡枝子L. bicolor | 87.76±11.28a | 26.92±7.54b | 16.90±3.73b | 27.71±3.91b |
| 黄芩S. baicalensis | 8.66±5.02b | 74.83±20.75a | 30.56±3.98b | 27.04±7.34b |
| 沙参A. stricta | 4.45±2.45b | 5.71±1.81ab | 9.08±2.90ab | 11.55±1.22a |
| 棉团铁线莲C. hexapetala | 14.97±11.23a | 2.79±2.63a | 3.36±2.40a | 8.99±3.36a |
| 瓣蕊唐松草T. petaloideum | 26.22±6.70a | 2.28±0.72b | 3.03±2.03b | 2.34±1.15b |
| 贝加尔针茅S. baicalensis | 12.44±5.16a | 3.85±1.52b | 0.10±0.10b | 0.13±0.13b |
| 羊草L. chinensis | 9.03±5.12a | 7.01±5.46a | 1.13±1.13a | 1.29±1.01a |
| 其他植物Other plants | 35.22±5.29a | 18.45±3.69b | 7.93±1.94b | 12.70±4.07b |
| 合计Total | 297.40±23.74a | 202.47±18.31b | 170.93±6.57b | 217.06±14.40b |
表2 狼毒大戟不同危害度下群落主要植物地上生物量
Table 2 Aboveground biomass of dominant plant species under different infestation levels of E. fischeriana (g·m-2)
| 项目Item | CK | T1 | T2 | T3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 狼毒大戟E. fischeriana | 0±0d | 24.79±4.79c | 39.76±2.79b | 52.91±6.02a |
| 线叶菊F. sibiricum | 60.96±18.55a | 22.08±8.91b | 29.29±5.11b | 34.87±6.50b |
| 柄状薹草C. pediformis | 37.71±3.76a | 26.21±3.20b | 29.79±3.16ab | 31.96±3.98ab |
| 胡枝子L. bicolor | 87.76±11.28a | 26.92±7.54b | 16.90±3.73b | 27.71±3.91b |
| 黄芩S. baicalensis | 8.66±5.02b | 74.83±20.75a | 30.56±3.98b | 27.04±7.34b |
| 沙参A. stricta | 4.45±2.45b | 5.71±1.81ab | 9.08±2.90ab | 11.55±1.22a |
| 棉团铁线莲C. hexapetala | 14.97±11.23a | 2.79±2.63a | 3.36±2.40a | 8.99±3.36a |
| 瓣蕊唐松草T. petaloideum | 26.22±6.70a | 2.28±0.72b | 3.03±2.03b | 2.34±1.15b |
| 贝加尔针茅S. baicalensis | 12.44±5.16a | 3.85±1.52b | 0.10±0.10b | 0.13±0.13b |
| 羊草L. chinensis | 9.03±5.12a | 7.01±5.46a | 1.13±1.13a | 1.29±1.01a |
| 其他植物Other plants | 35.22±5.29a | 18.45±3.69b | 7.93±1.94b | 12.70±4.07b |
| 合计Total | 297.40±23.74a | 202.47±18.31b | 170.93±6.57b | 217.06±14.40b |
| 指标Index | CK | T1 | T2 | T3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 丰富度指数Species richness index (S) | 18.33±0.76a | 15.00±0.82b | 13.83±0.70b | 19.60±0.51a |
| Shannon-Wiener指数Shannon-Wiener index (H) | 2.18±0.04a | 2.09±0.09a | 2.12±0.06a | 2.22±0.07a |
| Simpson指数Simpson index (D) | 0.84±0.01a | 0.83±0.02a | 0.85±0.01a | 0.83±0.01a |
| Pielou指数Pielou index (E) | 0.75±0.01a | 0.77±0.03a | 0.81±0.02a | 0.78±0.01a |
表3 植物群落丰富度及多样性
Table 3 Plant community richness and diversity
| 指标Index | CK | T1 | T2 | T3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 丰富度指数Species richness index (S) | 18.33±0.76a | 15.00±0.82b | 13.83±0.70b | 19.60±0.51a |
| Shannon-Wiener指数Shannon-Wiener index (H) | 2.18±0.04a | 2.09±0.09a | 2.12±0.06a | 2.22±0.07a |
| Simpson指数Simpson index (D) | 0.84±0.01a | 0.83±0.02a | 0.85±0.01a | 0.83±0.01a |
| Pielou指数Pielou index (E) | 0.75±0.01a | 0.77±0.03a | 0.81±0.02a | 0.78±0.01a |
| 植物名Plant name | CK | T1 | T2 | T3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 狼毒大戟E. fischeriana | - | 5.70 | 5.93 | 5.81 |
| 柄状薹草C. pediformis | 5.86 | 5.95 | 5.86 | 5.77 |
| 线叶菊F. sibiricum | 4.36 | 3.17 | 5.60 | 5.39 |
| 胡枝子L. bicolor | 5.78 | 5.16 | 4.15 | 5.39 |
| 黄芩S. baicalensis | 2.38 | 5.50 | 4.23 | 4.45 |
| 沙参A. stricta | 2.47 | 3.84 | 4.27 | 5.72 |
| 棉团铁线莲C. hexapetala | 1.78 | 1.22 | 3.57 | 4.44 |
| 瓣蕊唐松草T. petaloideum | 4.78 | 3.78 | 3.03 | 3.42 |
| 羊草L. chinensis | 3.44 | 1.95 | 1.00 | 1.89 |
| 北柴胡B. chinense | - | - | 2.64 | 3.52 |
| 贝加尔针茅S. baicalensis | 2.96 | 4.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
表4 狼毒大戟不同危害度下群落主要植物的生态位宽度
Table 4 Niche breadth of dominant community plant species under different infestation levels of E. fischeriana
| 植物名Plant name | CK | T1 | T2 | T3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 狼毒大戟E. fischeriana | - | 5.70 | 5.93 | 5.81 |
| 柄状薹草C. pediformis | 5.86 | 5.95 | 5.86 | 5.77 |
| 线叶菊F. sibiricum | 4.36 | 3.17 | 5.60 | 5.39 |
| 胡枝子L. bicolor | 5.78 | 5.16 | 4.15 | 5.39 |
| 黄芩S. baicalensis | 2.38 | 5.50 | 4.23 | 4.45 |
| 沙参A. stricta | 2.47 | 3.84 | 4.27 | 5.72 |
| 棉团铁线莲C. hexapetala | 1.78 | 1.22 | 3.57 | 4.44 |
| 瓣蕊唐松草T. petaloideum | 4.78 | 3.78 | 3.03 | 3.42 |
| 羊草L. chinensis | 3.44 | 1.95 | 1.00 | 1.89 |
| 北柴胡B. chinense | - | - | 2.64 | 3.52 |
| 贝加尔针茅S. baicalensis | 2.96 | 4.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
图1 狼毒大戟不同危害度下草地主要物种生态位重叠指数Sti: 贝加尔针茅S. baicalensis; Mel: 花苜蓿M. ruthenica; Ser: 北麻花头S. komarovii; Les: 胡枝子L. bicolor; Scu: 黄芩S. baicalensis; Cle: 棉团铁线莲C. hexapetala; Car: 柄状薹草C. pediformis; Ade: 沙参A. stricta; Tha: 瓣蕊唐松草T. petaloideum; Fil: 线叶菊F. sibiricum; Ley: 羊草L. chinensis; Bup: 北柴胡B. chinense; Eup: 狼毒大戟E. fischeriana. 下同The same below.
Fig.1 Niche overlap index of dominant grassland species under different infestation levels of E. fischeriana
| 指标Index | CK | T1 | T2 | T3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | 7.68±0.12a | 7.88±0.03a | 7.74±0.07a | 7.75±0.10a |
| 土壤含水量Soil water content (%) | 14.67±0.67a | 13.52±0.30a | 14.20±0.53a | 13.55±0.21a |
| 有机质Soil organic matter (g·kg-1) | 61.31±1.35b | 57.67±1.00c | 59.28±0.38bc | 69.31±0.37a |
| 全氮Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 1.04±0.01b | 1.32±0.05a | 1.40±0.13a | 1.41±0.05a |
| 铵态氮Ammonium nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 12.27±0.17a | 11.39±0.41c | 12.64±0.22bc | 14.70±0.47a |
| 硝态氮Nitrate nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 15.49±0.40a | 14.61±0.29a | 14.57±0.52a | 13.12±0.30b |
| 全磷Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | 0.48±0.02a | 0.42±0.02ab | 0.38±0.03b | 0.40±0.03b |
| 速效磷Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 5.30±0.17b | 5.47±0.11b | 5.79±0.21b | 6.88±0.30a |
表5 不同狼毒大戟危害度下土壤理化性质
Table 5 Soil physicochemical properties under different infestation levels of E. fischeriana
| 指标Index | CK | T1 | T2 | T3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | 7.68±0.12a | 7.88±0.03a | 7.74±0.07a | 7.75±0.10a |
| 土壤含水量Soil water content (%) | 14.67±0.67a | 13.52±0.30a | 14.20±0.53a | 13.55±0.21a |
| 有机质Soil organic matter (g·kg-1) | 61.31±1.35b | 57.67±1.00c | 59.28±0.38bc | 69.31±0.37a |
| 全氮Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 1.04±0.01b | 1.32±0.05a | 1.40±0.13a | 1.41±0.05a |
| 铵态氮Ammonium nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 12.27±0.17a | 11.39±0.41c | 12.64±0.22bc | 14.70±0.47a |
| 硝态氮Nitrate nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 15.49±0.40a | 14.61±0.29a | 14.57±0.52a | 13.12±0.30b |
| 全磷Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | 0.48±0.02a | 0.42±0.02ab | 0.38±0.03b | 0.40±0.03b |
| 速效磷Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 5.30±0.17b | 5.47±0.11b | 5.79±0.21b | 6.88±0.30a |
图2 地上植物生物量、群落多样性指数与土壤理化因子的相关系数*: P<0.05;**: P<0.01;***: P<0.001. SWC: 土壤含水量Soil water content; SOM: 土壤有机质Soil organic matter; AP: 速效磷Available phosphorus; TN: 全氮Total nitrogen; TP: 全磷Total phosphorus; ABE: 狼毒大戟地上生物量Aboveground biomass of E. fischeriana; CE: 狼毒大戟盖度Coverage of E. fischeriana; TAB: 总地上生物量Total aboveground biomass; OAB: 其他植物地上生物量Other plants aboveground biomass; S: 物种丰富度Species richness; H: Shannon-Wiener指数Shannon-Wiener index; D: Simpson指数Simpson index; E: Pielou指数Pielou index. 色阶条代表相关性,红色表示正相关,蓝色表示负相关,颜色深浅表示相关性强弱。下同。The color bar reflects correlation coefficients: red indicates positive correlations, blue indicates negative correlations, with color intensity representing correlation strength. The same below.
Fig.2 Correlation coefficient between aboveground plant biomass, community diversity indices, and soil physicochemical factors
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