Change over time in soil microbial diversity of artificial grassland in the Yellow River source zone

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020105

Abstract

Abstract:

This research investigated the characteristics of the soil surface （0-5 cm） microbial community and biological soil crusts （BSCs） in artificial alpine grasslands with a time series of establishment dates （1， 4， 11， 14 and 18 years established） in Maqin County， Qinghai Province. The associated vegetation characteristics were also investigated. It was found that the diversity of surface soil microorganisms increased gradually with the years established， and the diversity indexes （except Simpson’s index） of prokaryotic microorganisms were significantly greater than those of eukaryotic species （P<0.05）. The dominant prokaryotic microorganisms of artificial grassland across the establishment time series were from the phylumProteobacteriaand the genus Gemmatimonas， while the dominant eukaryotic microorganisms were of the phylum Ascomycota and the genus Knufia. The relative abundances of these dominant species differed significantly with years of establishment years. Analysis of the relationship between vegetation characteristics and soil microbes revealed that the number of prokaryotic microbe OTUs （more than 97% of sequences were classified into an operational taxon） was closely related to the vegetation diversity indexes （P<0.01）， and the number of the eukaryotic microorganism OTUs were significantly correlated with vegetation cover and BSCs cover （P<0.01）. The relative abundance of dominant microbial species correlated well with vegetation diversity， especially of eukaryotic microorganisms （P<0.05）. In summary， the data show conclusively that the restoration of artificial grassland vegetation is conducive to the promotion of microbial recovery. However， more time is needed for recovery and stabilization of the soil microbial community than for recovery of the aboveground vegetation.

Key words: soil microorganism, artificial grassland, biological soil crusts, vegetation characteristics, the Yellow River source zone

Hua-fang SUN, Xi-lai LI, Li-qun JIN, Cheng-yi LI, Jing ZHANG. Change over time in soil microbial diversity of artificial grassland in the Yellow River source zone[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(2): 46-58.

Figures/Tables 8

References 65

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指标Indexes	指标Item	18年18 years	14年14 years	11年11 years	4年4 years	1年1 years
物种数 Species (No.)	原核Prokaryotic	2862±124Aa	2790±47Aa	2047±227Ab	2840±174Aa	3100±298Aa
物种数 Species (No.)	真核Eukaryotic	483±77Ba	533±47Ba	462±155Ba	541±66Ba	504±102Ba
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener’s index	原核Prokaryotic	10.24±0.11Aab	10.25±0.20Aab	9.65±0.96Ab	10.25±0.38Aab	10.56±0.30Aa
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener’s index	真核Eukaryotic	5.77±0.89Ba	6.45±0.36Ba	5.93±0.82Ba	5.85±1.11Ba	6.13±0.92Ba
Simpson指数 Simpson’s index	原核Prokaryotic	1.00±0.00Aa	1.00±0.10Aa	1.00±0.01Aa	1.00±0.01Aa	1.00±0.00Aa
Simpson指数 Simpson’s index	真核Eukaryotic	0.92±0.05Aa	0.96±0.01Aa	0.92±0.10Ba	0.89±0.10Aa	0.95±0.04Aa
Chao1指数 Chao1’s index	原核Prokaryotic	4816.50±253.06Aa	4646.11±519.55Aa	3131.53±1724.49Ab	4644.84±367.37Aa	5204.25±683.27Aa
Chao1指数 Chao1’s index	真核Eukaryotic	673.48±131.88Ba	750.52±68.41Ba	603.61±241.24Bb	726.60±118.82Ba	673.27±124.21Ba

指标Indexes	指标Item	18年18 years	14年14 years	11年11 years	4年4 years	1年1 years
物种数 Species (No.)	原核Prokaryotic	2862±124Aa	2790±47Aa	2047±227Ab	2840±174Aa	3100±298Aa
物种数 Species (No.)	真核Eukaryotic	483±77Ba	533±47Ba	462±155Ba	541±66Ba	504±102Ba
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener’s index	原核Prokaryotic	10.24±0.11Aab	10.25±0.20Aab	9.65±0.96Ab	10.25±0.38Aab	10.56±0.30Aa
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener’s index	真核Eukaryotic	5.77±0.89Ba	6.45±0.36Ba	5.93±0.82Ba	5.85±1.11Ba	6.13±0.92Ba
Simpson指数 Simpson’s index	原核Prokaryotic	1.00±0.00Aa	1.00±0.10Aa	1.00±0.01Aa	1.00±0.01Aa	1.00±0.00Aa
Simpson指数 Simpson’s index	真核Eukaryotic	0.92±0.05Aa	0.96±0.01Aa	0.92±0.10Ba	0.89±0.10Aa	0.95±0.04Aa
Chao1指数 Chao1’s index	原核Prokaryotic	4816.50±253.06Aa	4646.11±519.55Aa	3131.53±1724.49Ab	4644.84±367.37Aa	5204.25±683.27Aa
Chao1指数 Chao1’s index	真核Eukaryotic	673.48±131.88Ba	750.52±68.41Ba	603.61±241.24Bb	726.60±118.82Ba	673.27±124.21Ba

指标Indexes	原核微生物Prokaryotic microorganisms				真核微生物Eukaryotic microorganisms
指标Indexes	Gp4	芽单胞菌 Gemmatimonas	Gp6	红杆菌 Solirubrobacter	Knufia	Davidiella	潮霉菌 Hygrocybe	Preussia
总盖度 Total coverage	-0.012	-0.131	0.105	0.099	0.503^*	-0.279	0.174	0.095
BSCs盖度BSCs coverage	-0.319	0.133	0.105	0.116	0.494^*	-0.258	-0.109	0.563^*
BSCs厚度BSCs thickness	-0.330	0.447	-0.036	-0.197	0.036	0.401	-0.291	-0.147
禾本科盖度Grass coverage	-0.171	-0.353	0.070	0.201	0.133	-0.270	0.120	0.288
莎草科盖度Sedge coverage	-0.096	0.078	-0.052	0.169	-0.089	-0.281	0.104	0.052
杂草盖度Forb coverage	0.179	0.070	0.268	0.115	0.306	-0.325	0.439	-0.047
物种数Species	-0.329	-0.258	0.297	0.351	0.345	-0.326	0.017	0.271
Simpson指数Simpson’s index	-0.199	-0.168	0.251	0.431	0.102	-0.677^**	0.245	0.186
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener’s index	-0.250	-0.125	0.313	0.304	0.161	-0.525^*	0.222	0.173
Pielou均匀度指数Pielou’s index	-0.047	0.007	0.271	0.156	-0.072	-0.582^**	0.322	0.049

指标Indexes	原核微生物Prokaryotic microorganisms				真核微生物Eukaryotic microorganisms
指标Indexes	Gp4	芽单胞菌 Gemmatimonas	Gp6	红杆菌 Solirubrobacter	Knufia	Davidiella	潮霉菌 Hygrocybe	Preussia
总盖度 Total coverage	-0.012	-0.131	0.105	0.099	0.503^*	-0.279	0.174	0.095
BSCs盖度BSCs coverage	-0.319	0.133	0.105	0.116	0.494^*	-0.258	-0.109	0.563^*
BSCs厚度BSCs thickness	-0.330	0.447	-0.036	-0.197	0.036	0.401	-0.291	-0.147
禾本科盖度Grass coverage	-0.171	-0.353	0.070	0.201	0.133	-0.270	0.120	0.288
莎草科盖度Sedge coverage	-0.096	0.078	-0.052	0.169	-0.089	-0.281	0.104	0.052
杂草盖度Forb coverage	0.179	0.070	0.268	0.115	0.306	-0.325	0.439	-0.047
物种数Species	-0.329	-0.258	0.297	0.351	0.345	-0.326	0.017	0.271
Simpson指数Simpson’s index	-0.199	-0.168	0.251	0.431	0.102	-0.677^**	0.245	0.186
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener’s index	-0.250	-0.125	0.313	0.304	0.161	-0.525^*	0.222	0.173
Pielou均匀度指数Pielou’s index	-0.047	0.007	0.271	0.156	-0.072	-0.582^**	0.322	0.049

指标Indexes	原核微生物Prokaryotic microorganisms				真核微生物Eukaryotic microorganisms
指标Indexes	物种数 Species	Shannon-Wiener指数Shannon-Wiener’s index	Simpson指数Simpson’s index	Chao1指数Chao1’s index	物种数Species (No.)	Shannon-Wiener指数Shannon-Wiener’s index	Simpson指数Simpson’s index	Chao1指数Chao1’s index
总盖度Total coverage	-0.150	-0.181	-0.019	-0.139	0.049	0.270	0.192	0.148
BSCs盖度BSCs coverage	-0.226	-0.272	-0.142	-0.186	-0.139	0.159	0.255	-0.018
BSCs厚度BSCs thickness	0.076	0.037	0.134	0.104	0.056	-0.038	-0.117	0.105
禾本科盖度Grass coverage	-0.242	-0.260	-0.231	-0.212	-0.223	-0.195	-0.146	-0.183
莎草科盖度Sedge coverage	0.187	0.191	0.165	0.175	-0.002	-0.418	-0.496*	0.035
杂草盖度Forb coverage	-0.106	-0.069	0.058	0.143	0.430	-0.182	-0.440	0.437
物种数Species	-0.116	-0.119	-0.088	-0.135	0.322	-0.160	-0.220	0.406
Simpson指数Simpson’s index	-0.009	0.003	0.013	-0.040	0.522*	0.061	-0.203	0.534*
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener’s index	-0.009	-0.023	-0.009	-0.039	0.423	-0.095	-0.294	0.496*
Pielou均匀度指数Pielou’s index	0.104	0.091	0.062	0.068	0.418	0.065	-0.228	0.427