Comparative study of grazing behavior， serum biochemical indexes， and rumen fermentation parameters of yaks and cattle in the cold seaso

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020225

Abstract

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cold season nutritional stress on serum biochemical indexes， rumen fermentation parameters， and grazing behavior of grazing yaks and cattle. The MOOnitor system was used to observe the grazing behavior of yaks and cattle in the cold season （November， January， and March）. At the end of the test period （March）， forage samples， rumen fluid， and blood samples were collected to analyze the nutrient composition of forage， serum biochemical indexes and rumen fermentation parameters. The results showed that： 1） The contents of serum glucose （GLU）， growth hormone （GH）， insulin-like growth factor 1 （IGF-1）， and insulin （INS） were significantly higher in yaks than in cattle （P<0.05）； 2） The contents of ammonia nitrogen， acetate， valerate， total volatile fatty acids， and acetate/propionate in rumen fluid were significantly higher in yaks than in cattle （P<0.05）； 3） Nutrition in the cold season was severely deficient. Compared with cattle， yaks had significantly shorter grazing time and rumination time （P<0.05）， and a significantly longer walking time （P<0.05）. For yaks， the range of grazing was gradually dispersed， and the spatial distribution gradually shifted from canyon flat land to hillside. Therefore， under the nutritional stress of natural grazing in the cold season， compared with cattle， yaks have a stronger capacity to metabolize nutrients and produce volatile fatty acids as an energy source. Thus， the energy efficiency of yaks is better than that of cattle， and this allows them to effectively cope with cold season nutritional deficiencies by increasing grazing behaviors such as walking and grazing.

Key words: yak, serum biochemical indexes, rumen fermentation parameters, grazing behavior

Chen LI, Ali Ahmad ANUM, Jian-bo ZHANG, Ze-yi LIANG, Xue-zhi DING, Ping YAN. Comparative study of grazing behavior， serum biochemical indexes， and rumen fermentation parameters of yaks and cattle in the cold seaso[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(6): 162-169.

Figures/Tables 6

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指标 Indexes	月份Months			均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
指标 Indexes	11	1	3	均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
干物质Dry matter, DM (g·m^-2)	149.78	123.45	110.43	8.90	<0.01
粗蛋白Crude protein, CP (%)	7.55A	4.32B	2.78C	0.71	<0.01
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber, NDF (%)	60.60C	62.47B	64.11A	1.16	<0.01
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber, ADF (%)	33.32B	33.56B	35.44A	0.79	0.01
粗灰分Ash (%)	10.89B	11.46A	7.55C	0.68	0.01

指标 Indexes	月份Months			均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
指标 Indexes	11	1	3	均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
干物质Dry matter, DM (g·m^-2)	149.78	123.45	110.43	8.90	<0.01
粗蛋白Crude protein, CP (%)	7.55A	4.32B	2.78C	0.71	<0.01
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber, NDF (%)	60.60C	62.47B	64.11A	1.16	<0.01
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber, ADF (%)	33.32B	33.56B	35.44A	0.79	0.01
粗灰分Ash (%)	10.89B	11.46A	7.55C	0.68	0.01

指标 Indexes	组别 Group		均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
指标 Indexes	牦牛 Yak	黄牛 Cattle	均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
甘油三酯Triglyceride, TG (mmol·L^-1)	0.257	0.282	0.029	0.772
血糖Glucose, GLU (mmol·L^-1)	3.151a	2.296b	0.205	0.032
游离脂肪酸Nonestesterified fatty acid, NEFA (μmol·L^-1)	545.299	531.868	21.325	0.780
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C (mmol·L^-1)	0.283	0.370	0.031	0.174
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C (mmol·L^-1)	1.144	1.268	0.113	0.601

指标 Indexes	组别 Group		均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
指标 Indexes	牦牛 Yak	黄牛 Cattle	均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
甘油三酯Triglyceride, TG (mmol·L^-1)	0.257	0.282	0.029	0.772
血糖Glucose, GLU (mmol·L^-1)	3.151a	2.296b	0.205	0.032
游离脂肪酸Nonestesterified fatty acid, NEFA (μmol·L^-1)	545.299	531.868	21.325	0.780
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C (mmol·L^-1)	0.283	0.370	0.031	0.174
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C (mmol·L^-1)	1.144	1.268	0.113	0.601

指标 Indexes	组别 Group		均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
指标 Indexes	牦牛 Yak	黄牛 Cattle	均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
生长激素Growth hormone, GH (ng·mL^-1)	5.639a	3.790b	0.442	0.037
胰岛素样生长因子1 Insulin-like growth factor 1, IGF-1 (ng·mL^-1)	122.628a	60.281b	11.904	0.026
胰岛素样生长因子2 Insulin-like growth factor 2, IGF-2 (ng·mL^-1)	14.732	10.713	2.222	0.382
胰岛素Insulin (INS, mIU·L^-1)	14.292a	7.465b	1.497	0.021