Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 110-120.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020340
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Fa-ming PAN1(), Sheng-hua CHANG2(), Guo-dong WANG1, Sheng-yan HAO1, Jia LIU1, Hui-yuan ZHANG3, Yin-ping XU4
Received:
2020-07-15
Revised:
2020-10-26
Online:
2021-03-20
Published:
2021-03-09
Contact:
Sheng-hua CHANG
Fa-ming PAN, Sheng-hua CHANG, Guo-dong WANG, Sheng-yan HAO, Jia LIU, Hui-yuan ZHANG, Yin-ping XU. Effects of phenological period on the composition of fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in rumen fluid, forage and milk fat of grazing yak and their correlation analysis[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(3): 110-120.
项目Item | 返青期Regreen stage | 盛草期Grassy stage | 枯草期Withering stage | 标准误SEM | P值P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质Dry matter (DM,%) | 90.59±0.28c | 91.87±0.63b | 93.38±0.58a | 0.33 | <0.01 |
粗蛋白Crude protein (CP,%) | 6.97±1.22b | 10.76±1.51a | 3.60±0.49c | 2.59 | 0.01 |
粗脂肪Ether extract (EE,%) | 1.51±0.69b | 2.70±0.37a | 0.91±0.35b | 3.14 | 0.02 |
粗纤维Crude fibre (CF,%) | 22.34±3.93b | 22.96±1.20b | 29.21±0.88a | 1.55 | <0.01 |
粗灰分Ash (Ash,%) | 9.06±1.48a | 8.37±1.35a | 6.32±1.56b | 0.94 | 0.01 |
无氮浸出物Nitrogen free extract (NFE,%) | 50.26±3.81b | 47.07±2.32b | 52.34±2.52a | 1.12 | 0.03 |
总钙Calcium (Ca,%) | 0.39±0.04a | 0.42±0.05a | 0.24±0.06b | 0.26 | <0.01 |
总磷Phosphorus (P,%) | 0.14±0.01b | 0.18±0.01a | 0.10±0.01c | 0.00 | 0.01 |
钙磷比Calcium-phosphorus ratio (Ca/P) | 2.79±0.04a | 2.33±0.05b | 2.40±0.06b | 0.11 | 0.03 |
单宁酸Tannic acid (TD,%) | 1.57±0.10a | 1.66±1.15a | 0.65±0.13b | 1.31 | <0.01 |
Table 1 Effects of phenological period on forage nutritional value and tannic acid (Dry matter basis)
项目Item | 返青期Regreen stage | 盛草期Grassy stage | 枯草期Withering stage | 标准误SEM | P值P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质Dry matter (DM,%) | 90.59±0.28c | 91.87±0.63b | 93.38±0.58a | 0.33 | <0.01 |
粗蛋白Crude protein (CP,%) | 6.97±1.22b | 10.76±1.51a | 3.60±0.49c | 2.59 | 0.01 |
粗脂肪Ether extract (EE,%) | 1.51±0.69b | 2.70±0.37a | 0.91±0.35b | 3.14 | 0.02 |
粗纤维Crude fibre (CF,%) | 22.34±3.93b | 22.96±1.20b | 29.21±0.88a | 1.55 | <0.01 |
粗灰分Ash (Ash,%) | 9.06±1.48a | 8.37±1.35a | 6.32±1.56b | 0.94 | 0.01 |
无氮浸出物Nitrogen free extract (NFE,%) | 50.26±3.81b | 47.07±2.32b | 52.34±2.52a | 1.12 | 0.03 |
总钙Calcium (Ca,%) | 0.39±0.04a | 0.42±0.05a | 0.24±0.06b | 0.26 | <0.01 |
总磷Phosphorus (P,%) | 0.14±0.01b | 0.18±0.01a | 0.10±0.01c | 0.00 | 0.01 |
钙磷比Calcium-phosphorus ratio (Ca/P) | 2.79±0.04a | 2.33±0.05b | 2.40±0.06b | 0.11 | 0.03 |
单宁酸Tannic acid (TD,%) | 1.57±0.10a | 1.66±1.15a | 0.65±0.13b | 1.31 | <0.01 |
项目 Item | 返青期 Regreen stage | 盛草期 Grassy stage | 枯草期 Withering stage | 标准误SEM | P值 P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
月桂酸Lauric acid (C12:0,%) | 0.40±0.02b | 1.03±0.13a | 0.00±0.00c | 0.24 | <0.01 |
肉豆蔻酸Tetradecanoic acid (C14:0,%) | 0.94±0.05b | 1.32±0.08a | 0.00±0.00c | 1.59 | <0.01 |
棕榈酸 Cetylic acid (C16:0,%) | 18.74±0.70a | 18.79±0.81a | 16.15±1.22b | 0.68 | 0.03 |
硬脂酸Octadecanoic acid (C18:0,%) | 3.86±0.21c | 4.88±0.25b | 6.33±0.33a | 0.22 | <0.01 |
亚油酸Linoleic acid (C18:2,%) | 4.39±0.72b | 6.52±0.62a | 4.26±0.87c | 0.14 | <0.01 |
亚麻酸Linolenic acid (C18:3,%) | 15.84±1.09b | 21.14±1.81a | 10.72±1.58c | 3.54 | <0.01 |
总脂肪酸Total fatty acids (TFA,%) | 44.17±1.06b | 53.68±2.51a | 37.45±3.12c | 6.18 | <0.01 |
多不饱和脂肪酸Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs,%) | 24.09±1.26b | 32.54±1.89a | 21.31±2.29c | 4.26 | 0.02 |
多不饱和脂肪酸/总脂肪酸PUFAs/TFA | 0.55±0.02c | 0.61±0.01a | 0.57±0.02b | 0.67 | 0.02 |
Table 2 Effects of forage phenological period on composition and content of polyunsaturated fatty acid
项目 Item | 返青期 Regreen stage | 盛草期 Grassy stage | 枯草期 Withering stage | 标准误SEM | P值 P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
月桂酸Lauric acid (C12:0,%) | 0.40±0.02b | 1.03±0.13a | 0.00±0.00c | 0.24 | <0.01 |
肉豆蔻酸Tetradecanoic acid (C14:0,%) | 0.94±0.05b | 1.32±0.08a | 0.00±0.00c | 1.59 | <0.01 |
棕榈酸 Cetylic acid (C16:0,%) | 18.74±0.70a | 18.79±0.81a | 16.15±1.22b | 0.68 | 0.03 |
硬脂酸Octadecanoic acid (C18:0,%) | 3.86±0.21c | 4.88±0.25b | 6.33±0.33a | 0.22 | <0.01 |
亚油酸Linoleic acid (C18:2,%) | 4.39±0.72b | 6.52±0.62a | 4.26±0.87c | 0.14 | <0.01 |
亚麻酸Linolenic acid (C18:3,%) | 15.84±1.09b | 21.14±1.81a | 10.72±1.58c | 3.54 | <0.01 |
总脂肪酸Total fatty acids (TFA,%) | 44.17±1.06b | 53.68±2.51a | 37.45±3.12c | 6.18 | <0.01 |
多不饱和脂肪酸Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs,%) | 24.09±1.26b | 32.54±1.89a | 21.31±2.29c | 4.26 | 0.02 |
多不饱和脂肪酸/总脂肪酸PUFAs/TFA | 0.55±0.02c | 0.61±0.01a | 0.57±0.02b | 0.67 | 0.02 |
项目 Item | 返青期Regreen stage | 盛草期Grassy stage | 枯草期Withering stage | 标准误SEM | P值P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
乳蛋白 Protein (%) | 5.88±0.96a | 5.60±0.62a | 4.21±0.48b | 1.28 | <0.01 |
乳脂率 Fat (%) | 6.68±2.05a | 6.95±1.89a | 4.44±1.52b | 0.37 | 0.02 |
全乳固体 Total solid (%) | 17.71±2.64a | 18.00±1.64a | 14.32±1.39b | 0.22 | <0.01 |
非脂乳固体 Solids non-fat (%) | 11.63±1.33a | 11.53±1.13a | 9.62±0.70b | 1.59 | 0.01 |
乳糖 Lactose (%) | 5.53±0.82a | 5.53±0.74a | 4.20±0.41b | 2.33 | <0.01 |
络蛋白 Casein (%) | 4.85±0.80a | 4.63±0.48a | 3.93±0.54b | 0.41 | 0.01 |
游离脂肪酸 Free fat acid (%) | 3.12±1.95a | 1.50±1.10b | 1.36±0.76b | 3.47 | <0.01 |
柠檬酸 Citric Acid (%) | 0.23±0.03b | 0.22±0.04b | 0.39±0.58a | 0.64 | 0.03 |
尿素 Urea (%) | 0.03±0.01a | 0.01±0.01a | 0.03±0.02a | 0.85 | 0.54 |
密度 Density (g·cm-3) | 1036.50±1.48a | 1032.80±1.66b | 1029.90±1.73c | 0.05 | 0.04 |
酸度 Acidity (° T) | 12.75±2.72a | 13.59±1.30a | 10.38±1.29b | 1.32 | 0.01 |
冰点 Freezing point (-℃) | 0.71±0.06a | 0.76±0.08a | 0.71±0.06a | 1.63 | 0.67 |
Table 3 Effects of forage phenological period on composition of grazing yak
项目 Item | 返青期Regreen stage | 盛草期Grassy stage | 枯草期Withering stage | 标准误SEM | P值P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
乳蛋白 Protein (%) | 5.88±0.96a | 5.60±0.62a | 4.21±0.48b | 1.28 | <0.01 |
乳脂率 Fat (%) | 6.68±2.05a | 6.95±1.89a | 4.44±1.52b | 0.37 | 0.02 |
全乳固体 Total solid (%) | 17.71±2.64a | 18.00±1.64a | 14.32±1.39b | 0.22 | <0.01 |
非脂乳固体 Solids non-fat (%) | 11.63±1.33a | 11.53±1.13a | 9.62±0.70b | 1.59 | 0.01 |
乳糖 Lactose (%) | 5.53±0.82a | 5.53±0.74a | 4.20±0.41b | 2.33 | <0.01 |
络蛋白 Casein (%) | 4.85±0.80a | 4.63±0.48a | 3.93±0.54b | 0.41 | 0.01 |
游离脂肪酸 Free fat acid (%) | 3.12±1.95a | 1.50±1.10b | 1.36±0.76b | 3.47 | <0.01 |
柠檬酸 Citric Acid (%) | 0.23±0.03b | 0.22±0.04b | 0.39±0.58a | 0.64 | 0.03 |
尿素 Urea (%) | 0.03±0.01a | 0.01±0.01a | 0.03±0.02a | 0.85 | 0.54 |
密度 Density (g·cm-3) | 1036.50±1.48a | 1032.80±1.66b | 1029.90±1.73c | 0.05 | 0.04 |
酸度 Acidity (° T) | 12.75±2.72a | 13.59±1.30a | 10.38±1.29b | 1.32 | 0.01 |
冰点 Freezing point (-℃) | 0.71±0.06a | 0.76±0.08a | 0.71±0.06a | 1.63 | 0.67 |
指标 Index | 返青期 Regreen stage | 盛草期 Grassy stage | 枯草期 Withering stage | 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
共轭亚油酸异构体c9t11 c9t11-CLA | 0.23±0.06b | 0.34±0.07a | 0.11±0.02c | 2.35 | <0.01 |
共轭亚油酸异构体t10c12 t10c12-CLA | 0.11±0.03b | 0.17±0.04a | 0.06±0.02c | 1.29 | <0.01 |
共轭亚油酸总含量Total conjugated linoleic acid TCLA | 0.34±0.09b | 0.51±0.11a | 0.17±0.04c | 3.22 | 0.02 |
Table 4 Effects of forage phenological period on conjugated linoleic acid content of grazing yak (mg·mL-1)
指标 Index | 返青期 Regreen stage | 盛草期 Grassy stage | 枯草期 Withering stage | 标准误 SEM | P值 P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
共轭亚油酸异构体c9t11 c9t11-CLA | 0.23±0.06b | 0.34±0.07a | 0.11±0.02c | 2.35 | <0.01 |
共轭亚油酸异构体t10c12 t10c12-CLA | 0.11±0.03b | 0.17±0.04a | 0.06±0.02c | 1.29 | <0.01 |
共轭亚油酸总含量Total conjugated linoleic acid TCLA | 0.34±0.09b | 0.51±0.11a | 0.17±0.04c | 3.22 | 0.02 |
项目 Item | 返青期Regreen stage | 盛草期Grassy stage | 枯草期Withering stage | 标准误SEM | P值P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH值 pH value | 6.26±0.21a | 6.12±0.16a | 5.82±0.20b | 1.28 | <0.01 |
乙酸 Acetate (mmol·L-1) | 40.22±8.07b | 58.99±12.72a | 47.55±9.98b | 0.37 | 0.02 |
丙酸 Propionate (mmol·L-1) | 8.17±1.65b | 13.95±3.60a | 9.20±1.84b | 0.22 | <0.01 |
乙酸/丙酸 Acetate/Propionate | 4.94±0.41b | 4.29±0.35c | 5.16±0.38a | 1.59 | 0.01 |
异丁酸 Isobutyric (mmol·L-1) | 0.51±0.10a | 0.47±0.05b | 0.44±0.10c | 2.33 | <0.01 |
丁酸 Butyrate (mmol·L-1) | 6.34±1.38b | 9.05±2.13a | 4.75±0.56c | 0.41 | 0.01 |
异戊酸 Isovaleric (mmol·L-1) | 0.76±0.24a | 0.45±0.13b | 0.48±0.10b | 3.47 | <0.01 |
戊酸 Valeric (mmol·L-1) | 0.45±0.09a | 0.54±0.15a | 0.26±0.03b | 0.64 | 0.03 |
总挥发性脂肪酸 TVFA (mmol·L-1) | 56.46±11.17b | 83.46±18.48a | 62.69±12.25b | 0.85 | 0.04 |
反式11-油酸 TVA (mg·g-1) | 2.88±0.32a | 3.26±0.69b | 1.06±0.20c | 0.05 | 0.04 |
Table 5 Effects of forage phenological period on rumen fermentation parameters of grazing yak
项目 Item | 返青期Regreen stage | 盛草期Grassy stage | 枯草期Withering stage | 标准误SEM | P值P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH值 pH value | 6.26±0.21a | 6.12±0.16a | 5.82±0.20b | 1.28 | <0.01 |
乙酸 Acetate (mmol·L-1) | 40.22±8.07b | 58.99±12.72a | 47.55±9.98b | 0.37 | 0.02 |
丙酸 Propionate (mmol·L-1) | 8.17±1.65b | 13.95±3.60a | 9.20±1.84b | 0.22 | <0.01 |
乙酸/丙酸 Acetate/Propionate | 4.94±0.41b | 4.29±0.35c | 5.16±0.38a | 1.59 | 0.01 |
异丁酸 Isobutyric (mmol·L-1) | 0.51±0.10a | 0.47±0.05b | 0.44±0.10c | 2.33 | <0.01 |
丁酸 Butyrate (mmol·L-1) | 6.34±1.38b | 9.05±2.13a | 4.75±0.56c | 0.41 | 0.01 |
异戊酸 Isovaleric (mmol·L-1) | 0.76±0.24a | 0.45±0.13b | 0.48±0.10b | 3.47 | <0.01 |
戊酸 Valeric (mmol·L-1) | 0.45±0.09a | 0.54±0.15a | 0.26±0.03b | 0.64 | 0.03 |
总挥发性脂肪酸 TVFA (mmol·L-1) | 56.46±11.17b | 83.46±18.48a | 62.69±12.25b | 0.85 | 0.04 |
反式11-油酸 TVA (mg·g-1) | 2.88±0.32a | 3.26±0.69b | 1.06±0.20c | 0.05 | 0.04 |
因素 Factor | 相关系数Correlation coefficient (r) | P值 P-value |
---|---|---|
牧草粗蛋白Crude protein (CP) | 0.714** | 0.005 |
牧草粗脂肪Ether extract (EE) | 0.656** | 0.009 |
牧草粗纤维Crude fibre (CF) | -0.561* | 0.041 |
牧草粗灰分Ash (Ash) | -0.812* | 0.034 |
牧草无氮浸出物Nitrogen free extract (NFE) | 0.596* | 0.016 |
牧草单宁酸Tannic acid (TD) | 0.632** | 0.007 |
牧草总脂肪酸Total fatty acids (TFA) | 0.585** | 0.023 |
牧草多不饱和脂肪酸 Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) | 0.813ns | 1.709 |
瘤胃总挥发酸Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) | 0.038ns | 0.117 |
瘤胃pH值 pH value | 0.561** | 0.002 |
瘤胃反式11-油酸Trans-11-oleic acid (TVA) | 0.879ns | 1.822 |
Table 6 Correlation analysis of fatty acid composition in forage and CLA content in rumen and milk of grazing yaks
因素 Factor | 相关系数Correlation coefficient (r) | P值 P-value |
---|---|---|
牧草粗蛋白Crude protein (CP) | 0.714** | 0.005 |
牧草粗脂肪Ether extract (EE) | 0.656** | 0.009 |
牧草粗纤维Crude fibre (CF) | -0.561* | 0.041 |
牧草粗灰分Ash (Ash) | -0.812* | 0.034 |
牧草无氮浸出物Nitrogen free extract (NFE) | 0.596* | 0.016 |
牧草单宁酸Tannic acid (TD) | 0.632** | 0.007 |
牧草总脂肪酸Total fatty acids (TFA) | 0.585** | 0.023 |
牧草多不饱和脂肪酸 Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) | 0.813ns | 1.709 |
瘤胃总挥发酸Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) | 0.038ns | 0.117 |
瘤胃pH值 pH value | 0.561** | 0.002 |
瘤胃反式11-油酸Trans-11-oleic acid (TVA) | 0.879ns | 1.822 |
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