Variations in carbon flux and factors influencing it on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains

doi:10.11686/cyxb2021137

Abstract

Abstract:

The desert steppe is a widely distributed grassland type on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains， and it plays an important role in regulating the carbon balance of the grassland ecosystem in this area. The aim of this study was to elucidate the characteristics of carbon flux in desert steppe ecosystems on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains and to determine the main environmental factors that influence carbon flux. A micro-meteorological observation system and a LI-840 CO₂/H₂O infrared analyzer were used to obtain continuous observation data. The data were quantitatively analyzed to detect variations in carbon flux in the desert steppe and the factors that influence it. During the growing season， the net ecosystem carbon exchange of desert steppe vegetation on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains showed an inverted “U” curve on a daily scale. On a seasonal scale， the vegetation was a carbon sink in June， July， and August； and a carbon source in September and October. The total carbon assimilation in the desert steppe from June to October was 15.50 g C·m^-2， and the highest carbon assimilation was 23.03 g C·m^-2 in August. The trend in the ecosystem respiration rate showed a “single-peak” curve on a daily scale. On a seasonal scale， carbon emissions showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing， with the highest carbon emissions of 128.42 g C·m^-2 in July. The daily variation in carbon flux in the desert steppe ecosystem was not significant in October. Photosynthetically active radiation was the main factor influencing the daily net ecosystem carbon exchange， and the relationship between these two factors fitted a rectangular hyperbola model. The daily net ecosystem carbon exchange decreased with increasing photosynthetically active radiation. The relationship between ecosystem respiration and the 5 cm soil temperature fitted the Van’t Hoff model， with a temperature sensitivity coefficient Q₁₀of 1.69 and an optimum soil water content of 0.16 m³·m^-3. Excessively high or low soil water contents inhibited ecosystem respiration in this area.

Key words: carbon flux, ecosystem respiration, desert steppe, environmental factor

Wen-zhang GUO, Chang-qing JING, Xiao-jin DENG, Chen CHEN, Wei-kang ZHAO, Zhi-xiong HOU, Gong-xin WANG. Variations in carbon flux and factors influencing it on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(5): 1-12.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1 Instrument and device information of observation station （Micro meteorological observation system）

仪器名称 Name of instrument	观测参数 Observation parameter	安装高（深）度 Height （depth） of installation （m）
风速风向计Anemometer	风速、风向Wind speed and direction	3.0
光合有效辐射仪Photosynthetic active radiometer	光合有效辐射Photosynthetic active radiation	2.8
气压计Barometer	空气压力Air pressure	1.8
雨量筒Rain gauge	降水量Precipitation	2.5
土壤温度传感器Soil temperature sensor	土壤温度Soil temperature	土层Soil 0.05，0.2，0.4，0.7，1.0
土壤水分传感器Soil water sensor	土壤含水量Soil water content	土层Soil 0.05，0.2，0.4，0.7，1.0
温湿度传感器Temperature and humidity sensor	气温、空气湿度Air temperature and air humidity	0.2，2.0

Fig.1 Season variations of environmental factors in desert steppe

Fig.2 Diurnal variation of net ecosystem carbon exchange in desert steppe

Fig.3 Diurnal variation of ecosystem respiration in desert steppe

Fig.4 Seasonal changes of carbon fluxes in desert steppe

Fig.5 Relationship between net ecosystem carbon exchange and photosynthetic active radiation in desert steppe

Table 2 Exponential regression between ecosystem respiration and temperature

项目Item	月份Month	拟合模型Fit model	R²	P	Q₁₀
土壤温度 Soil temperature	6月June	$E R = 0.081 e 0.101 T s$	0.552	P<0.05	2.71
	7月July	$E R = 0.970 e 0.074 T s$	0.707	P<0.01	2.09
	8月August	$E R = 0.380 e 0.062 T s$	0.863	P<0.01	1.85
	9月September	$E R = 0.682 e 0.067 T s$	0.833	P<0.01	1.94
	10月October	$E R = 0.173 e 0.075 T s$	0.067	P>0.05	2.11
空气温度 Air temperature	6月June	$E R = 0.127 e 0.093 T a$	0.701	P<0.05	2.53
	7月July	$E R = 0.693 e 0.103 T a$	0.971	P<0.01	2.80
	8月August	$E R = 0.286 e 0.084 T a$	0.881	P<0.01	2.31
	9月September	$E R = 0.506 e 0.085 T a$	0.914	P<0.01	2.33
	10月October	$E R = 0.170 e 0.104 T a$	0.067	P>0.05	2.82

Table 2 Exponential regression between ecosystem respiration and temperature

项目Item	月份Month	拟合模型Fit model	R²	P	Q₁₀
土壤温度 Soil temperature	6月June	$E R = 0.081 e 0.101 T s$	0.552	P<0.05	2.71
	7月July	$E R = 0.970 e 0.074 T s$	0.707	P<0.01	2.09
	8月August	$E R = 0.380 e 0.062 T s$	0.863	P<0.01	1.85
	9月September	$E R = 0.682 e 0.067 T s$	0.833	P<0.01	1.94
	10月October	$E R = 0.173 e 0.075 T s$	0.067	P>0.05	2.11
空气温度 Air temperature	6月June	$E R = 0.127 e 0.093 T a$	0.701	P<0.05	2.53
	7月July	$E R = 0.693 e 0.103 T a$	0.971	P<0.01	2.80
	8月August	$E R = 0.286 e 0.084 T a$	0.881	P<0.01	2.31
	9月September	$E R = 0.506 e 0.085 T a$	0.914	P<0.01	2.33
	10月October	$E R = 0.170 e 0.104 T a$	0.067	P>0.05	2.82

Fig.6 Relationships between respiration and environmental factors in desert steppe ecosystem

Table 3 Correlation coefficients between NEE， ER and environmental factors

项目Item	月份 Month	PAR	VPD	Ta	RH	Ts	SWC
NEE	6月June	-0.85**	-0.74**	-0.71*	0.67*	-0.60*	-0.54
	7月July	-0.72*	-0.77*	-0.64*	0.67*	-0.71*	-0.75**
	8月August	-0.82**	-0.64*	-0.71*	0.71*	-0.76**	-0.71*
	9月September	-0.74**	-0.35	-0.41	0.09	-0.74*	-0.80**
	10月October	0.26	0.17	-0.18	-0.15	0.05	-0.03
ER	6月June	0.61*	0.72*	0.64*	-0.60*	0.67*	0.68*
	7月July	0.39	0.96**	0.94**	-0.86**	0.83**	0.75**
	8月August	0.97**	0.93**	0.89**	-0.83**	0.88**	0.91**
	9月September	0.86**	0.96**	0.94**	-0.80**	0.92**	0.87**
	10月October	0.01	0.30	0.30	-0.39	0.30	0.26

Fig.7 Redundancy analysis on the correlation between NEE and ER with environment properties

Table 4 Explanation rate and significance test of environment factors

环境因子 Environmental factor	重要性排序 Order of importance	贡献率 Contribution rate （%）	F值 F value	P值 P value
SWC （5 cm）	1	41.7	37.8	0.002
Ta	2	34.0	27.3	0.002
PAR	3	32.1	27.3	0.002
VPD	4	27.8	20.4	0.002
Ts （5 cm）	5	24.0	16.7	0.002
RH	6	13.4	8.2	0.002
Ts （20 cm）	7	5.0	2.8	0.056
Ts （40 cm）	8	4.4	2.4	0.090
SWC （40 cm）	9	3.3	1.8	0.158
SWC （20 cm）	10	0.2	<0.1	0.954

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