Important species’ niche characteristics of population in herbaceous communities at Picea asperata-Abies fargesii forest burned area on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022391

Abstract

Abstract:

The ecological niche of plants in a given environment determines the relative stability of plant communities. Using the ‘space for time’ method， four plant communities at different stages of successional development since occurrence of fire （5， 15 and 23 years， and Climax i.e. no fire） on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were chosen for study. Levins and Shannon-Wiener niche breadth indexes and Pianka and Schoener niche overlap indexes were used to calculate herbaceous population niche width and niche overlap degree， and the specialist and generalist species of communities were separated. It was found that the Levins and Shannon-Wiener niche breadth index of herbaceous species at different succession stages were basically the same， and there was a different niche breadth for the same species. The dominant species niche width of the four communities ranked 23 yrs>5 yrs>15 yrs>Climax. For the specialist and generalist species， respectively， there were 2 and 2 at 5 years， 4 and 2 at 15 years， 3 and 0 at 23 years and 3 and 5 in the Climax succession. Species pairwise numbers with severe niche overlap were the smallest at 23 years， while species pairwise numbers with slight niche overlap were smallest in the Climax succession. The ranking for species pairwise numbers of moderate niche overlap was Climax>5 years>15 years>23 years. After severe fire disturbance of Picea asperata-Abies fargesii forest， the plant communities representing 5 years early succession of the burned area and 23 years succession （disturbed by human beings） were rich in plant habitat resources. The niche width of each group was relatively large， the niche overlap was small， and the competition among the corresponding populations was small. At the moderate stage of succession （15 years）， the phenomenon of niche overlap and separation was obvious， most species in the community had great similarities in resource utilization， and interspecific competition was intensified. The Climax community can be considered more stable， with a relatively high niche width， the majority of species not having high niche overlap， and with a high similarity in resource utilization between the different species. Except for the Climax community， the ratio of specialist species to generalist species in each community succession stage was ≥50%， and the existence of specific habitats promote the appearance of specialist species. Appropriate human intervention can increase the niche width of species in the community， reduce the overlap of ecological niches between species， and form a relatively ecologically stable community.

Key words: herbaceous plant, ecological niche, Picea asperata-Abies fargesii forest, burned area, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Xiao-lei ZHOU, Fu-qiang YANG, Ming-jun WANG, Hai-xia HUANG, Qing TIAN, Xu-jiao ZHOU, An ZHAO, Wan-peng HE, Yan-li ZHAO, Li-hong JIANG. Important species’ niche characteristics of population in herbaceous communities at Picea asperata-Abies fargesii forest burned area on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(7): 23-37.

Figures/Tables 9

References 37

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演替阶段Succession stages	林场 Forest station	林火发生年Year of forest fire	火灾强度 Fire intensity	管护措施 Management and protection measures	坡向 Aspect	坡度 Slope （°）	海拔 Altitude （m）	土壤类型 Soil type	土层深度 Depth of soil layer （cm）	群落组成及优势种 Composition and dominant species of herbaceous community
5 a	达拉Dala	2016	高强度火烧High fire intensity	封禁Closure	北North、东北Northeast	30~44	2581~2870	棕壤Brown soil	40~200	31科63属76种，优势种有密生薹草、总状橐吾、婆婆纳和草地风毛菊。76 species 63 genus in 31 families， dominant species include C. crebra， L. botryodes， Veronica polita and Saussurea amara.
15 a	益哇Yiwa	2005	高强度火烧High fire intensity	封禁Closure	北North、东北Northeast、西北Northwest、东East	22~52	2981~3390	灰棕壤Gray brown soil	49~107	21科41属46种，优势种有密生薹草、高山冷蕨、唐古拉婆婆纳和野草莓。46 species 41 genus in 21 families， dominant species include C. crebra， C. montana， Veronica vandellioides and F. vesca.
23 a	那盖Nagai	1997	高强度火烧High fire intensity	封禁，但在2011年清除枯落物1次Closure， litters cleared out in 2011	北North、东北Northeast、西北Northwest	27~38	2680~3100	灰棕壤Gray brown soil	52~210	22科34属39种，优势种有密生薹草、高山冷蕨、藜和猪殃殃。39 species 34 genus in 22 families， dominant species include C. crebra， C. montana， Chenopodium album and Galium spurium.
顶级群落 Climax community	益哇、达拉、那盖Yiwa， Dala and Nagai	无No	无No	封禁Closure	北North、东北Northeast、西北Northwest、东East	21~54	2575~3410	棕壤、灰棕壤Brown soil，gray brown soil	36~308	29科54属65种，优势种有密生薹草、高山冷蕨、高山露珠草和中华蹄盖蕨。65 species 54 genus in 29 families， dominant species include C. crebra， C. montana， Circaea alpina and Athyrium sinense.

演替阶段Succession stages	林场 Forest station	林火发生年Year of forest fire	火灾强度 Fire intensity	管护措施 Management and protection measures	坡向 Aspect	坡度 Slope （°）	海拔 Altitude （m）	土壤类型 Soil type	土层深度 Depth of soil layer （cm）	群落组成及优势种 Composition and dominant species of herbaceous community
5 a	达拉Dala	2016	高强度火烧High fire intensity	封禁Closure	北North、东北Northeast	30~44	2581~2870	棕壤Brown soil	40~200	31科63属76种，优势种有密生薹草、总状橐吾、婆婆纳和草地风毛菊。76 species 63 genus in 31 families， dominant species include C. crebra， L. botryodes， Veronica polita and Saussurea amara.
15 a	益哇Yiwa	2005	高强度火烧High fire intensity	封禁Closure	北North、东北Northeast、西北Northwest、东East	22~52	2981~3390	灰棕壤Gray brown soil	49~107	21科41属46种，优势种有密生薹草、高山冷蕨、唐古拉婆婆纳和野草莓。46 species 41 genus in 21 families， dominant species include C. crebra， C. montana， Veronica vandellioides and F. vesca.
23 a	那盖Nagai	1997	高强度火烧High fire intensity	封禁，但在2011年清除枯落物1次Closure， litters cleared out in 2011	北North、东北Northeast、西北Northwest	27~38	2680~3100	灰棕壤Gray brown soil	52~210	22科34属39种，优势种有密生薹草、高山冷蕨、藜和猪殃殃。39 species 34 genus in 22 families， dominant species include C. crebra， C. montana， Chenopodium album and Galium spurium.
顶级群落 Climax community	益哇、达拉、那盖Yiwa， Dala and Nagai	无No	无No	封禁Closure	北North、东北Northeast、西北Northwest、东East	21~54	2575~3410	棕壤、灰棕壤Brown soil，gray brown soil	36~308	29科54属65种，优势种有密生薹草、高山冷蕨、高山露珠草和中华蹄盖蕨。65 species 54 genus in 29 families， dominant species include C. crebra， C. montana， Circaea alpina and Athyrium sinense.

群落 Community	物种 Species	生态位宽度指数实际值 Observed		重排模拟后生态位宽度指数零分布均值Mean.simulated		95%置信区间下限LowCI		95%置信区间上限UppCI		划分结果 Sign
群落 Community	物种 Species	Levins	Shannon	Levins	Shannon	Levins	Shannon	Levins	Shannon	Levins	Shannon
5 a	椭圆叶花锚H. elliptica	12.25	2.70	8.43	2.28	5.33	1.93	11.65	2.57	泛化种Generalist	泛化种Generalist
	婆婆纳V. polita	7.51	2.26	11.87	2.61	8.62	2.38	14.70	2.79	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	平车前P. depressa	5.74	1.89	9.01	2.34	5.90	2.00	12.02	2.61	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	珠子参P. japonicus var. major	7.14	2.03	4.10	1.49	2.17	0.94	6.25	1.89	泛化种Generalist	泛化种Generalist
	猪殃殃G. spurium	9.99		6.86		3.81		9.86		泛化种Generalist
15 a	腺点柔毛蓼P. sparsipilosum	10.66	2.54	7.34	2.14	4.48	1.79	10.46	2.46	泛化种Generalist	泛化种Generalist
	茜草R. cordifolia	4.56	1.81	7.98	2.23	4.95	1.87	11.11	2.52	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	珠子参P. japonicus var. major	7.45	2.13	4.85	1.69	2.68	1.21	7.25	2.10	泛化种Generalist	泛化种Generalist
	三脉紫菀A. trinervius subsp. ageratoides	2.71	1.27	5.97	1.92	3.34	1.45	8.87	2.29	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	大耳叶风毛菊S. macrota	2.92	1.29	5.61	1.86	3.07	1.38	8.34	2.24	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	变豆菜S. chinensis	2.54	1.07	5.72	1.88	3.27	1.45	8.34	2.23	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
23 a	猪殃殃G. spurium	14.84	2.73	6.00	1.94	3.32	1.49	8.75	2.30	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	平车前P. depressa	8.06	2.17	4.78	1.69	2.45	1.11	7.29	2.11	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	莛子藨T. pinnatifidum	5.33	1.73	2.83	1.08	1.28	0.38	4.57	1.67	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
Climax	珠芽蓼P. viviparum	10.97	2.55	7.56	2.16	4.74	1.78	10.30	2.46	泛化种Generalist	泛化种Generalist
	猪殃殃G. spurium	8.79	2.26	5.82	1.89	3.39	1.47	8.60	2.25	泛化种Generalist	泛化种Generalist
	单穗升麻C. simplex	8.00	2.14	3.92	1.45	2.00	0.87	6.00	1.86	泛化种Generalist	泛化种Generalist
	草玉梅A. rivularis	5.99	1.97	9.80	2.42	6.99	2.17	12.68	2.65	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	茜草R. cordifolia	7.69	2.11	4.64	1.64	2.47	1.14	7.14	2.07	泛化种Generalist	泛化种Generalist
	野草莓F. vesca	5.05	1.79	8.02	2.23	5.15	1.87	11.06	2.52	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	短毛独活H. moellendorffii	7.11	2.01	4.32	1.56	2.37	1.04	6.40	1.98	泛化种Generalist	泛化种Generalist
	高山露珠草C. alpina	5.85	1.87	9.74	2.42	6.89	2.15	12.62	2.65	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	高山冷蕨C. montana		1.92		2.32		2.00		2.59		特化种Specialist
	茖葱A. victorialis		2.44		2.04		1.68		2.36		泛化种Generalist

群落 Community	物种 Species	生态位宽度指数实际值 Observed		重排模拟后生态位宽度指数零分布均值Mean.simulated		95%置信区间下限LowCI		95%置信区间上限UppCI		划分结果 Sign
群落 Community	物种 Species	Levins	Shannon	Levins	Shannon	Levins	Shannon	Levins	Shannon	Levins	Shannon
5 a	椭圆叶花锚H. elliptica	12.25	2.70	8.43	2.28	5.33	1.93	11.65	2.57	泛化种Generalist	泛化种Generalist
	婆婆纳V. polita	7.51	2.26	11.87	2.61	8.62	2.38	14.70	2.79	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	平车前P. depressa	5.74	1.89	9.01	2.34	5.90	2.00	12.02	2.61	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	珠子参P. japonicus var. major	7.14	2.03	4.10	1.49	2.17	0.94	6.25	1.89	泛化种Generalist	泛化种Generalist
	猪殃殃G. spurium	9.99		6.86		3.81		9.86		泛化种Generalist
15 a	腺点柔毛蓼P. sparsipilosum	10.66	2.54	7.34	2.14	4.48	1.79	10.46	2.46	泛化种Generalist	泛化种Generalist
	茜草R. cordifolia	4.56	1.81	7.98	2.23	4.95	1.87	11.11	2.52	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	珠子参P. japonicus var. major	7.45	2.13	4.85	1.69	2.68	1.21	7.25	2.10	泛化种Generalist	泛化种Generalist
	三脉紫菀A. trinervius subsp. ageratoides	2.71	1.27	5.97	1.92	3.34	1.45	8.87	2.29	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	大耳叶风毛菊S. macrota	2.92	1.29	5.61	1.86	3.07	1.38	8.34	2.24	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	变豆菜S. chinensis	2.54	1.07	5.72	1.88	3.27	1.45	8.34	2.23	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
23 a	猪殃殃G. spurium	14.84	2.73	6.00	1.94	3.32	1.49	8.75	2.30	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	平车前P. depressa	8.06	2.17	4.78	1.69	2.45	1.11	7.29	2.11	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	莛子藨T. pinnatifidum	5.33	1.73	2.83	1.08	1.28	0.38	4.57	1.67	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
Climax	珠芽蓼P. viviparum	10.97	2.55	7.56	2.16	4.74	1.78	10.30	2.46	泛化种Generalist	泛化种Generalist
	猪殃殃G. spurium	8.79	2.26	5.82	1.89	3.39	1.47	8.60	2.25	泛化种Generalist	泛化种Generalist
	单穗升麻C. simplex	8.00	2.14	3.92	1.45	2.00	0.87	6.00	1.86	泛化种Generalist	泛化种Generalist
	草玉梅A. rivularis	5.99	1.97	9.80	2.42	6.99	2.17	12.68	2.65	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	茜草R. cordifolia	7.69	2.11	4.64	1.64	2.47	1.14	7.14	2.07	泛化种Generalist	泛化种Generalist
	野草莓F. vesca	5.05	1.79	8.02	2.23	5.15	1.87	11.06	2.52	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	短毛独活H. moellendorffii	7.11	2.01	4.32	1.56	2.37	1.04	6.40	1.98	泛化种Generalist	泛化种Generalist
	高山露珠草C. alpina	5.85	1.87	9.74	2.42	6.89	2.15	12.62	2.65	特化种Specialist	特化种Specialist
	高山冷蕨C. montana		1.92		2.32		2.00		2.59		特化种Specialist
	茖葱A. victorialis		2.44		2.04		1.68		2.36		泛化种Generalist

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