Structure and diversity characteristics of the rhizosphere microbial community of dominant plants on the desert steppe under changing precipitation

doi:10.11686/cyxb2024246

Abstract

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to explore the responses of rhizosphere soil microorganisms of dominant plant species on the Ningxia desert steppe to changes in precipitation. The overall aim was to broaden our understanding of the interactions between microorganisms and the roots of important plants on the desert steppe. Three plant species were selected for analysis of their rhizobial communities： Stipa breviflora， Lespedeza potaninii， and Convolvulus ammannii. Five rainfall treatments were established： 50% increase in rainfall， 30% increase in rainfall， control group， 30% decrease in rainfall， and 50% decrease in rainfall. High-throughput sequencing data were analyzed to determine differences in the structure and diversity of the rhizosphere microbial communities of the three dominant species on the desert steppe under different precipitation treatments. The results showed that the aboveground biomass of dominant plant species on the desert steppe increased with increasing precipitation， and was significantly positively correlated with the soil water content （P<0.05）. In the rhizosphere soil of the three dominant plants， the dominant bacterial phyla were Actinomycetes， Proteobacteria， Acidobacteria， and Bacteroidetes. The dominant phyla in the fungal community were Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. In all the treatments， the rhizosphere bacterial communities were more sensitive than the fungal communities to the water level. The maximum numbers of fungal and bacterial operational taxonomic units， and the highest microbial activity in rhizosphere soil， were in the 30% decreased rainfall treatment. The relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes in the rhizosphere bacterial community was higher in C. ammannii than in L. potaninii and S. breviflora， while the relative abundance of Planctomycetota and Acidobacteriota in the rhizosphere bacterial community was lower in C. ammannii than in than in L. potaninii and S. breviflora. The rhizosphere microbial communities were similar in L. potaninii and S. breviflora， but that of C. ammannii was different. The diversity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of S. breviflora was significantly negatively correlated with total phosphorus （P<0.05）. The diversity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of C. ammannii was significantly positively correlated with total potassium （P<0.05）， However，the diversity of the total microbial community in the rhizosphere of S. breviflora was significantly negatively correlated with total potassium （P<0.05）. Soil pH was significantly positively correlated with the diversity of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community （P<0.05）， and negatively correlated with the diversity of the rhizosphere soil fungal microbial community （P<0.05）. There was a significant correlation between the rhizosphere soil microbial communities of L. potaninii and S. breviflora， and there was a certain complementary symbiotic effect.

Key words: desert steppe, dominant plants, precipitation variability, high-throughput sequencing, rhizosphere microbial community

Wen-hui DENG, Ke-chen SONG, Hao ZHANG, Si-yu GUAN, Jia-yi YONG, Hai-ying HU. Structure and diversity characteristics of the rhizosphere microbial community of dominant plants on the desert steppe under changing precipitation[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(5): 12-26.

Figures/Tables 8

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物种 Species	重要值Important values
物种 Species	+50%	+30%	CK	-30%	-50%
短花针茅S.breviflora	0.74±0.09	0.68±0.24	0.69±0.08	0.94±0.03	0.95±0.13
牛枝子L.potaninii	0.44±0.06	0.31±0.07	0.21±0.01	0.47±0.03	0.19±0.08
银灰旋花C. ammannii	0.10±0.04	0.16±0.04	0.30±0.05	0.20±0.02	0.21±0.06
米口袋Gueldenstaedtia verna	0.26±0.03	0.07±0.01	0.12±0.06	0.08±0.01	0.12±0.07
砂珍棘豆Oxytropis racemosa	0.18±0.05	0.02±0.01	0.10±0.06	0.05±0.04	0.06±0.02
二裂委陵菜Potentilla bifurca	0.07±0.05	0.05±0.03	0.18±0.10	0.06±0.05	0.08±0.07
远志Polygala tenuifolia	0.13±0.01	0.19±0.08	0.07±0.02	0.11±0.06	0.25±0.07
骆驼蒿Peganum nigellastrum	0.18±0.08	0.12±0.04	0.06±0.02	0.17±0.09	0.14±0.09
赖草Leymus secalinus	0.31±0.16	0.56±0.28	0.22±0.21	-	0.18±0.17
白草Pennisetum flaccidum	0.24±0.13	0.08±0.04	0.40±0.08	0.03±0.01	0.22±0.16
猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia	0.45±0.03	0.15±0.05	0.42±0.21	-	-
猫头刺Oxytropis aciphylla	0.02±0.01	0.08±0.07	0.23±0.03	-	0.02±0.01
老瓜头Vincetoxicum mongolicum	-	0.01±0.00	-	0.16±0.05	-
地锦草Euphorbia humifusa	0.06±0.04	-	-	-	0.04±0.01
甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis	-	-	-	0.25±0.14	0.13±0.03
乳浆大戟Euphorbia esula	0.12±0.04	0.04±0.01	-	0.11±0.04	-

物种 Species	重要值Important values
物种 Species	+50%	+30%	CK	-30%	-50%
短花针茅S.breviflora	0.74±0.09	0.68±0.24	0.69±0.08	0.94±0.03	0.95±0.13
牛枝子L.potaninii	0.44±0.06	0.31±0.07	0.21±0.01	0.47±0.03	0.19±0.08
银灰旋花C. ammannii	0.10±0.04	0.16±0.04	0.30±0.05	0.20±0.02	0.21±0.06
米口袋Gueldenstaedtia verna	0.26±0.03	0.07±0.01	0.12±0.06	0.08±0.01	0.12±0.07
砂珍棘豆Oxytropis racemosa	0.18±0.05	0.02±0.01	0.10±0.06	0.05±0.04	0.06±0.02
二裂委陵菜Potentilla bifurca	0.07±0.05	0.05±0.03	0.18±0.10	0.06±0.05	0.08±0.07
远志Polygala tenuifolia	0.13±0.01	0.19±0.08	0.07±0.02	0.11±0.06	0.25±0.07
骆驼蒿Peganum nigellastrum	0.18±0.08	0.12±0.04	0.06±0.02	0.17±0.09	0.14±0.09
赖草Leymus secalinus	0.31±0.16	0.56±0.28	0.22±0.21	-	0.18±0.17
白草Pennisetum flaccidum	0.24±0.13	0.08±0.04	0.40±0.08	0.03±0.01	0.22±0.16
猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia	0.45±0.03	0.15±0.05	0.42±0.21	-	-
猫头刺Oxytropis aciphylla	0.02±0.01	0.08±0.07	0.23±0.03	-	0.02±0.01
老瓜头Vincetoxicum mongolicum	-	0.01±0.00	-	0.16±0.05	-
地锦草Euphorbia humifusa	0.06±0.04	-	-	-	0.04±0.01
甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis	-	-	-	0.25±0.14	0.13±0.03
乳浆大戟Euphorbia esula	0.12±0.04	0.04±0.01	-	0.11±0.04	-

项目 Item	土层深度 Soil depth （cm）	处理Treatment
项目 Item	土层深度 Soil depth （cm）	+50%	+30%	CK	-30%	-50%
全氮Total nitrogen （TN， mg·kg^-1）	0~10	0.63±0.10aA	0.53±0.06aA	0.59±0.12aA	0.56±0.07aA	0.57±0.13aA
	10~20	0.45±0.08bA	0.46±0.08abA	0.33±0.06bA	0.39±0.11abA	0.40±0.02bA
	20~40	0.36±0.05bA	0.35±0.02bA	0.42±0.03bA	0.37±0.06bA	0.37±0.03bA
全磷Total phosphorus （TP， mg·kg^-1）	0~10	0.59±0.07aA	0.53±0.04abA	0.51±0.04bA	0.52±0.05abA	0.51±0.07aA
	10~20	0.45±0.05bA	0.46±0.07bA	0.38±0.03cA	0.42±0.06bA	0.42±0.03aA
	20~40	0.58±0.07abA	0.56±0.03aA	0.60±0.04aA	0.57±0.04aA	0.52±0.07aA
全钾Total patassium （TK， mg·kg^-1）	0~10	18.36±0.79aA	18.08±0.25aA	19.11±1.35aA	17.53±0.28aA	17.87±0.05aA
	10~20	18.55±0.44aA	17.38±0.30aA	18.74±0.38aA	17.69±0.20aA	17.96±0.39aA
	20~40	18.13±0.75aA	17.95±0.42aA	18.99±0.53aA	17.43±0.37aA	17.70±0.49aA
pH	0~10	8.95±0.07aA	8.87±0.17abA	7.62±1.84aA	8.79±0.40aA	9.02±0.16aA
	10~20	9.15±0.75aA	8.76±0.04bA	8.78±0.11aA	8.98±0.22aA	8.98±0.14aA
	20~40	8.99±0.18aAB	9.01±0.05aAB	8.83±0.09aB	9.08±0.12aA	9.08±0.07aA
土壤含水量 Soil moisture content （GWC， %）	0~10	9.81±2.45aA	3.14±0.64cB	1.87±0.28cBC	1.85±0.20abBC	1.16±0.14cC
	10~20	6.06±0.19bA	6.23±0.04bA	3.31±0.13bB	2.33±0.13aC	4.07±0.53bB
	20~40	10.29±0.49aB	14.92±1.46aA	4.94±0.08aC	3.81±0.16aC	4.81±0.43aC

项目 Item	土层深度 Soil depth （cm）	处理Treatment
项目 Item	土层深度 Soil depth （cm）	+50%	+30%	CK	-30%	-50%
全氮Total nitrogen （TN， mg·kg^-1）	0~10	0.63±0.10aA	0.53±0.06aA	0.59±0.12aA	0.56±0.07aA	0.57±0.13aA
	10~20	0.45±0.08bA	0.46±0.08abA	0.33±0.06bA	0.39±0.11abA	0.40±0.02bA
	20~40	0.36±0.05bA	0.35±0.02bA	0.42±0.03bA	0.37±0.06bA	0.37±0.03bA
全磷Total phosphorus （TP， mg·kg^-1）	0~10	0.59±0.07aA	0.53±0.04abA	0.51±0.04bA	0.52±0.05abA	0.51±0.07aA
	10~20	0.45±0.05bA	0.46±0.07bA	0.38±0.03cA	0.42±0.06bA	0.42±0.03aA
	20~40	0.58±0.07abA	0.56±0.03aA	0.60±0.04aA	0.57±0.04aA	0.52±0.07aA
全钾Total patassium （TK， mg·kg^-1）	0~10	18.36±0.79aA	18.08±0.25aA	19.11±1.35aA	17.53±0.28aA	17.87±0.05aA
	10~20	18.55±0.44aA	17.38±0.30aA	18.74±0.38aA	17.69±0.20aA	17.96±0.39aA
	20~40	18.13±0.75aA	17.95±0.42aA	18.99±0.53aA	17.43±0.37aA	17.70±0.49aA
pH	0~10	8.95±0.07aA	8.87±0.17abA	7.62±1.84aA	8.79±0.40aA	9.02±0.16aA
	10~20	9.15±0.75aA	8.76±0.04bA	8.78±0.11aA	8.98±0.22aA	8.98±0.14aA
	20~40	8.99±0.18aAB	9.01±0.05aAB	8.83±0.09aB	9.08±0.12aA	9.08±0.07aA
土壤含水量 Soil moisture content （GWC， %）	0~10	9.81±2.45aA	3.14±0.64cB	1.87±0.28cBC	1.85±0.20abBC	1.16±0.14cC
	10~20	6.06±0.19bA	6.23±0.04bA	3.31±0.13bB	2.33±0.13aC	4.07±0.53bB
	20~40	10.29±0.49aB	14.92±1.46aA	4.94±0.08aC	3.81±0.16aC	4.81±0.43aC

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