Long-term grazing disturbance reduced plant diversity in Stipa breviflora desert steppe

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022381

Abstract

Abstract:

The improvement of plant diversity is one of the manifestations of the restoration of degraded grassland. Overgrazing is the main cause of grassland degradation， and there is still controversy over grazing prohibition and grazing for the restoration of grassland plant diversity. In this study， Stipa breviflora desert steppe was selected as the object. During the peak of plant growth in August 2017， plant species， density， frequency and coverage were observed under different grazing intensities （no grazing， light grazing， moderate grazing and heavy grazing） in the enclosed steppe for 13 years （2004-2017）. The relative dominance of plant species， functional groups and plant diversity index were analyzed. The results show that： with the increase of grazing intensity， the Patrick richness index， Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index showed a decreasing trend， and no grazing exclusion was significantly higher than heavy grazing （P<0.05）. Pielou evenness index under moderate grazing was the highest， and was significantly higher than heavy grazing （P<0.05）. Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index were extermely negative correlated with the important value of S. breviflora， but extermely positive correlated with the important value of Artemisia frigida （P<0.01）. The relative dominance of dominant plants determined the level of plant diversity. By studying the effects of grazing intensity on plant diversity and its mechanism， we concluded that no grazing is one of the ideal ways to restore plant species diversity of degraded grassland in S. breviflora desert steppe， and light grazing will not change the stability of community.

Key words: grazing, desert steppe, plant diversity

Min ZHAO, Kun ZHAO, Yun-bo WANG, Guo-mei YIN, Si-bo LIU, Bao-long YAN, Wei-jun MENG, Shi-jie LYU, Guo-dong HAN. Long-term grazing disturbance reduced plant diversity in Stipa breviflora desert steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(9): 39-49.

Figures/Tables 7

References 49

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物种 Species	对照CK	轻度放牧LG	中度放牧MG	重度放牧HG	物种 Species	对照CK	轻度放牧LG	中度放牧MG	重度放牧HG
短花针茅S. breviflora	0.13b	0.24b	0.65a	0.78a	小叶锦鸡儿Caragana microphylla	0.00a	0.01a	0.01a	0.00a
克氏针茅Stipa krylovii	0.04a	0.04a	0.00a	0.01a	狭叶锦鸡儿Caragana stenophylla	0.02a	0.02a	0.01a	0.00a
无芒隐子草C. songorica	0.10b	0.13ab	0.23a	0.14ab	驼绒藜Krascheninnikovia ceratoides	0.01a	0.00a	0.00a	0.00a
羊草Leymus chinensis	0.01a	0.01a	0.00a	0.00a	细叶鸢尾Iris tenuifolia	0.01a	0.00a	0.00a	0.00a
冰草Agropyron cristatum	0.01a	0.01a	0.00a	0.00a	草芸香Haplophyllum dauricum	0.01a	0.00b	0.00b	0.00b
冷蒿A. frigida	0.13a	0.07ab	0.02bc	0.00c	冬青叶兔唇花Lagochilus ilicifolius	0.02a	0.01ab	0.01ab	0.00b
栉叶蒿Neopallasia pectinata	0.08a	0.13a	0.00b	0.00b	细叶葱Allium tenuissimum	0.04a	0.01b	0.03ab	0.02b
猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia	0.01a	0.00b	0.00b	0.00b	蒙古葱Allium mongolicum	0.01a	0.00b	0.00b	0.00b
木地肤Kochia prostrata	0.03a	0.02a	0.01b	0.01b	猪毛菜Salola collina	0.23a	0.16a	0.01b	0.01b
阿尔泰狗娃花Heteropappus altaicus	0.01a	0.01a	0.00b	0.00b	银灰旋花Convolvulus ammannii	0.11a	0.14a	0.03a	0.04a
乳白花黄芪Astragalus galactites	0.01a	0.00a	0.00a	0.00a

物种 Species	对照CK	轻度放牧LG	中度放牧MG	重度放牧HG	物种 Species	对照CK	轻度放牧LG	中度放牧MG	重度放牧HG
短花针茅S. breviflora	0.13b	0.24b	0.65a	0.78a	小叶锦鸡儿Caragana microphylla	0.00a	0.01a	0.01a	0.00a
克氏针茅Stipa krylovii	0.04a	0.04a	0.00a	0.01a	狭叶锦鸡儿Caragana stenophylla	0.02a	0.02a	0.01a	0.00a
无芒隐子草C. songorica	0.10b	0.13ab	0.23a	0.14ab	驼绒藜Krascheninnikovia ceratoides	0.01a	0.00a	0.00a	0.00a
羊草Leymus chinensis	0.01a	0.01a	0.00a	0.00a	细叶鸢尾Iris tenuifolia	0.01a	0.00a	0.00a	0.00a
冰草Agropyron cristatum	0.01a	0.01a	0.00a	0.00a	草芸香Haplophyllum dauricum	0.01a	0.00b	0.00b	0.00b
冷蒿A. frigida	0.13a	0.07ab	0.02bc	0.00c	冬青叶兔唇花Lagochilus ilicifolius	0.02a	0.01ab	0.01ab	0.00b
栉叶蒿Neopallasia pectinata	0.08a	0.13a	0.00b	0.00b	细叶葱Allium tenuissimum	0.04a	0.01b	0.03ab	0.02b
猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia	0.01a	0.00b	0.00b	0.00b	蒙古葱Allium mongolicum	0.01a	0.00b	0.00b	0.00b
木地肤Kochia prostrata	0.03a	0.02a	0.01b	0.01b	猪毛菜Salola collina	0.23a	0.16a	0.01b	0.01b
阿尔泰狗娃花Heteropappus altaicus	0.01a	0.01a	0.00b	0.00b	银灰旋花Convolvulus ammannii	0.11a	0.14a	0.03a	0.04a
乳白花黄芪Astragalus galactites	0.01a	0.00a	0.00a	0.00a

因子 Factors	短花针茅 S. breviflora	无芒隐子草 C. songorica	冷蒿 A. frigida	银灰旋花 C. ammannii	优势植物 Dominant species	Patrick丰富度指数 Patrick richness index	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数Shannon-Wiener diversity index	Pielou均匀度指数Pielou evenness index
无芒隐子草C. songorica	0.183
冷蒿A. frigida	-0.606**	-0.394**
银灰旋花C. ammannii	-0.499**	-0.346**	-0.448**
优势植物Dominant species	0.824**	0.391**	-0.333**	-0.116
Patrick丰富度指数Patrick richness index	-0.802**	-0.359**	0.549**	0.442**	-0.730**
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	-0.729**	-0.151	0.473**	0.261*	-0.648**	0.793**
Pielou均匀度指数Pielou evenness index	-0.177	0.199	0.059	-0.087	-0.137	0.012	0.561**
Simpson优势度指数Simpson dominance index	-0.640**	0.067	0.365**	0.180	-0.514**	0.595**	0.924**	0.707**

因子 Factors	短花针茅 S. breviflora	无芒隐子草 C. songorica	冷蒿 A. frigida	银灰旋花 C. ammannii	优势植物 Dominant species	Patrick丰富度指数 Patrick richness index	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数Shannon-Wiener diversity index	Pielou均匀度指数Pielou evenness index
无芒隐子草C. songorica	0.183
冷蒿A. frigida	-0.606**	-0.394**
银灰旋花C. ammannii	-0.499**	-0.346**	-0.448**
优势植物Dominant species	0.824**	0.391**	-0.333**	-0.116
Patrick丰富度指数Patrick richness index	-0.802**	-0.359**	0.549**	0.442**	-0.730**
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	-0.729**	-0.151	0.473**	0.261*	-0.648**	0.793**
Pielou均匀度指数Pielou evenness index	-0.177	0.199	0.059	-0.087	-0.137	0.012	0.561**
Simpson优势度指数Simpson dominance index	-0.640**	0.067	0.365**	0.180	-0.514**	0.595**	0.924**	0.707**

因子Factors	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	多年生杂类草Perennial forbs	灌木、半灌木Shrubs and semi-shrubs	一、二年生植物 Annual-biennial plants	Patrick丰富度指数 Patrick richness index	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index	Pielou均匀度指数Pielou evenness index
多年生杂类草Perennial forbs	-0.771**
灌木、半灌木Shrubs and semi-shrubs	-0.329**	0.008
一、二年生植物Annial-biennial plants	-0.678**	0.118	0.163
Patrick丰富度指数Patrick richness index	-0.780**	0.663**	0.261*	0.446**
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数Shannon-Wiener diversity index	-0.591**	0.513**	0.306**	0.274*	0.793**
Pielou均匀度指数Pielou evenness index	0.016	0.163	-0.120	-0.012	0.012	0.561**
Simpson优势度指数Simpson dominance index	-0.449**	0.382**	0.260*	0.203	0.595**	0.924**	0.707**