Effects of biosolids on the growth and auxin metabolism of Poa pratensis under drought stress

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020098

Abstract

Abstract:

Biosolids can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil， and promote plant growth. The aim of this research was to study the effects of biosolids on the growth and auxin metabolism of Poa pratensis. A split-plot experiment under the same nitrogen supply level and different water regimes was used， with the main-plot treatments being drought stress and sufficient water supply. The split-plot treatments were biosolids and hormone treatments， namely： indole-3-butytric acid， biosolids， biosolids with added tryptophan， tryptophan and a blank control with no additions. The results showed that biosolids significantly reduced damage to turf quality and ameliorated reductions in chlorophyll and carotenoid content of leaves （P<0.05）. Under different water conditions， both the biosolids and tryptophan increased the content of tryptophan and indoleacetic acid in the roots， while the biosolids significantly increased indoleacetic acid and tryptophan levels in the root system and leaves， and biosolids mixed with tryptophan was more effective than biosolids alone （P<0.05）. In summary， the application of biosolids significantly promoted turfgrass growth， increased the chlorophyll and carotenoid content of Kentucky bluegrass leaves under drought stress. Application of biosolids can also increased the content of tryptophan and indoleacetic acid in the leaves and roots， and increased the photosynthetic rate of P. pratensis and enhanced its drought resistance.

Key words: biosolids, Poa pratensis, IAA, drought

Ning ZHANG, Yun-xin CAO, Wei XU, Zhi-hui CAHNG. Effects of biosolids on the growth and auxin metabolism of Poa pratensis under drought stress[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(3): 167-176.

Figures/Tables 10

References 33

1	Institute of Standards and Quotas， Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. Guidelines for the implementation of sludge disposal standards in urban sewage treatment plants . Beijing： China Standards Press， 2011： 2.
	住房和城乡建设部标准定额研究所. 城镇污水处理厂污泥处置系列标准实施指南. 北京：中国标准出版社， 2011： 2.
2	Cui C H. Application of products derived from sewage sludge to farm land and evaluation of their organic matter quality. Nanjing： Nanjing Agricultural University， 2008.
	崔春红. 污泥农肥化施用效果及肥料中有机质质量的评价研究. 南京：南京农业大学， 2008.
3	Lemmer H， Nitschke L. Vitamin content of four sludge fractions in the activated sludge wastewater treatment process. Water Research， 1994， 28（3）： 737-739.
4	Sanchez-Monedero M A， Roig A， Cegarra J， et al. Relationships between water-soluble carbohydrate and phenol fractions and the humification indices of different organic wastes during composting. Bioresource Technology， 1999， 70： 193-201.
5	Zhang X Z， Ervin E H， Evanylo G K. Impact of biosolids on hormone metabolism in drought-stressed tall fescue. Crop Science， 2009， 49： 1893-1901.
6	Zhang X Z， Schmidt R E. Antioxidant responses to hormone-containing product in Kentucky bluegrass subject to drought. Crop Science， 1999， 39： 545-551.
7	Higgins M J， Adams G， Chen Y， et al. Role of protein， amino acids， and enzyme activity on odor production from anaerobically digested and dewatered biosolids. Water Environment Research， 2008， 80： 127-135.
8	Yu F F. Effect of biosolids on Kentucky bluegrass （Poa pratensis L.） drought stress. Beijing： Beijing Forestry University， 2012.
	于芳芳. 生物污泥对草地早熟禾抗旱性影响研究. 北京：北京林业大学， 2012.
9	Bettina T. Plant responses to environmental stresses： From phytohormones to genome reorganization. Phytochemistry， 2001， 56（6）： 641-642.
10	Strivastava L M. Plant growth and development： Hormones and environment. San Diego： Academic Press， 2002.
11	Liu Y， Yu M L， Zhang R， et al.The relationship between endogenous hormone content and apomixis rate of wild Kentucky bluegrass in Gansu Province. Acta Prataculturae Sinica， 2020， 29（7）： 99-111.
	刘燕，于美玲，张然，等. 甘肃野生草地早熟禾内源激素含量的变化与无融合生殖率的关系研究. 草业学报， 2020， 29（7）： 99-111.
12	Zhang X， Ervin E H. Cytokinin-containing seaweed and humic acid extracts associated with creeping bentgrass leaf cytokinins and drought resistance. Crop Science， 2004， 44： 1737-1745.
13	Fan Z Y， Liu Q S， Zhang P. Comparison of the kjeldahl method and the dumas method for total nitrogen determination in grasses. Modern Scientific Instruments， 2007（1）： 46-47.
	范志影，刘庆生，张萍. 用凯氏法和杜马斯法测定植物样品中的全氮.现代科学仪器， 2007（1）： 46-47.
14	Cao Y X， Yu F F， Bai M， et al. Impact of sewage sludge and indole butyric acid on growth and drought tolerance of Poa pratensis under drought stress. Acta Prataculturae Sinica， 2018， 27（5）： 109-119.
	曹允馨，于芳芳，白梅，等.污泥和吲哚丁酸对草地早熟禾的生长和耐旱性的影响研究. 草业学报， 2018， 27（5）： 109-119.
15	Li X Y. Noticeable problems in photosynthetic characteristics research by Li-6400. Forestry Science and Technology， 2018， 43（2）： 57-59.
	李晓宇. 使用Li-6400进行光合特性研究应注意的问题. 林业科技， 2018， 43（2）： 57-59.
16	Zhao R. Research on the resistance of tall fescue with foreign DREB1A gene and their filial generation. Beijing： Beijing Forestry University， 2010.
	赵汝. 转DREB1A基因高羊茅及其子代的抗性研究. 北京：北京林业大学， 2010.
17	Edlund A， Eklof S， Sundberg B， et al. A microscale technique for gas chromatomatography-mass spectrometry measurements of picogram amounts of indole-3-acetic acid in plant tissues. Plant Physiology， 1995， 108（3）： 1043-1047.
18	Zhuo L Q. Biosolids impact on nitrogen metabolism and root growth of Kentucky bluegrass （Poa pratensis L.）. Beijing： Beijing Forestry University， 2013.
	禚来强. 污泥对草地早熟禾氮代谢和根系生长的影响.北京：北京林业大学， 2013.
19	Qi F. Study on the effects of traffic stress on the tillering and physiological regulation of tall fescue （Festuca arundinacea） and Kentucky bluegrass （Poa pratensis L.）. Beijing： Beijing Forestry University， 2012.
	奇凤. 践踏处理对高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea）和草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis L.）分蘖生长影响及生理调控研究. 北京：北京林业大学， 2012.
20	Han C， Liu Y， Dong H， et al. Influences of biosolids on drought resistance of tall fescue. Acta Prataculturae Sinica， 2014， 23（3）： 127-135.
	韩朝，刘洋，董慧，等. 污泥对高羊茅抗旱性的影响研究. 草业学报， 2014， 23（3）： 127-135.
21	Shen Z P， Duo L A， Zhao S L. Effects of air dried sewage sludge leachate after remediation on initial growth and heavy metal accumulation of lolium perenne. Journal of Agro-Environment Science， 2013， 32（5）： 937-943.
	沈志平，多立安，赵树兰. 风干污泥修复后淋洗液对黑麦草初期生长与重金属富集的影响. 农业环境科学学报， 2013， 32（5）： 937-943.
22	Zhao X L， Xu D F， Li Z H， et al. Influence of municipal sludge land application to ryegrass physical and chemical properties and quality. Journal of Agro-Environment Science， 2010， 29（Supple 1）： 59-63.
	赵晓莉，徐德福，李泽宏，等. 城市污泥的土地利用对黑麦草理化指标和品质的影响. 农业环境科学学报， 2010， 29（增刊1）： 59-63.
23	Hu M Y， Li H， Zhang Y J， et al. Photosynthesis and related physiological characteristics affected by exogenous glucose in wheat seedlings under water stress. Acta Agronomica Sinica， 2009， 35（4）： 724-732.
	胡梦芸，李辉，张颖君，等. 水分胁迫下葡萄糖对小麦幼苗光合作用和相关生理特性的影响. 作物学报， 2009， 35（4）： 724-732.
24	Tong F P， Fang W， Ma L Y， et al. Study on response of the contents of photosynthetic pigments of slash pine’s half-sib under water stress. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin， 2006， 22（11）： 97-102.
	童方平，方伟，马履一，等. 水分胁迫下湿地松优良半同胞家系光合色素的响应. 中国农学通报， 2006， 22（11）： 97-102.
25	Fan M， Jin L P， Huang S W， et al. Effects of drought on gene expressions of key enzymes in carotenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis in potato. Acta Horticulturae Sinica， 2008， 35（4）： 535-542.
	范敏，金黎平，黄三文，等. 干旱胁迫对马铃薯类黄酮和类胡萝卜素合成关键酶基因表达的影响. 园艺学报， 2008， 35（4）： 535-542.
26	Schilling C H， Letscher D， Palsson B. Theory for the systemic definition of metabolic pathways and their use in interpreting metabolic function from a pathway-oriented perspective. Journal of Theoretical Biology， 2000， 203（3）： 229-248.
27	Patten C， Glick B. Bacterial biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid. Canadian Journal of Microbiology， 1996， 42： 207-220.
28	Spaepen S， Vanderleyden J， Remans R. Indole-3-acetic acid in microbial and microorganism-plant signaling. FEMS Microbiology Reviews， 2007， 31： 425-448.
29	Woodward A， Bartel B. Auxin： Regulation， action， and interaction. Annales Botanici Fennici， 2005， 95： 707-735.
30	Zhong X H. Studies on the regulation mechanism of tryptophan on tissue culture and growth in strawberry. Changsha： Hunan Agricultural University， 2004.
	钟晓红. 色氨酸对草莓离体培养与生长发育的调控机理研究.长沙：湖南农业大学， 2004.
31	Chen Z D， Huang J J， He J M， et al. Influence of L-tryptophan applied to soil on yield and nutrient uptake of cabbage. Acta Pedologica Sinica， 1997（2）： 200-205.
	陈振德，黄俊杰，何金明，等. 土施L-色氨酸对甘蓝产量和养分吸收的影响. 土壤学报， 1997（2）： 200-205.
32	Yu A D， Yu F F， Teng K， et al. Effect of biosolids on drought resistance and cell antioxidant capacity of Poa pratensis. Pratacultural Science， 2018， 35（8）： 1870-1878.
	于安东，于芳芳，滕珂，等. 生物污泥对草地早熟禾耐旱及细胞抗氧化能力的影响. 草业科学， 2018， 35（8）： 1870-1878.
33	Xu Z H. Polar transport of auxin and its role in plant development regulation. Chinese Bulletin of Life Science， 1998（2）： 52-54.
	许智宏. 生长素的极性运输及其在植物发育调控中的作用.生命科学， 1998（2）： 52-54.

水分处理 Moisture	基质处理 Matrixes	日期Date (月-日Month-day)
水分处理 Moisture	基质处理 Matrixes	07-07	07-14	08-03	08-11	08-19
充分浇水Sufficient water	CK	7.6bA	7.4abAB	7.1bB	7.1bB	7.8aA
	IBA	7.6bA	7.4abAB	7.4abAB	7.2bB	7.7aA
	UB	7.7bA	7.7aA	7.6^**aA	7.5^**abA	7.8aA
	TB	7.8abAB	7.8aAB	7.8^**aAB	7.6^**aB	8.0aA
	TRP	7.6bA	7.6abA	7.5^*abA	7.3abA	7.8aA
干旱胁迫Drought stress	CK	7.5bA	6.8cB	5.5dC	4.3fD	5.8dC
	IBA	7.5bA	6.9bcB	6.0cC	4.8eD	6.5^**cBC
	UB	8.2^**abA	7.6^**abB	6.8^**bC	5.9^**cD	6.9^**bcC
	TB	8.3^**aA	7.5^**abB	6.6^**bC	5.9^**cD	7.1^**bC
	TRP	7.7bA	7.2bAB	5.9cdC	5.4^**dC	6.8^**bcB

水分处理 Moisture	基质处理 Matrixes	日期Date (月-日Month-day)
水分处理 Moisture	基质处理 Matrixes	07-07	07-14	08-03	08-11	08-19
充分浇水Sufficient water	CK	7.6bA	7.4abAB	7.1bB	7.1bB	7.8aA
	IBA	7.6bA	7.4abAB	7.4abAB	7.2bB	7.7aA
	UB	7.7bA	7.7aA	7.6^**aA	7.5^**abA	7.8aA
	TB	7.8abAB	7.8aAB	7.8^**aAB	7.6^**aB	8.0aA
	TRP	7.6bA	7.6abA	7.5^*abA	7.3abA	7.8aA
干旱胁迫Drought stress	CK	7.5bA	6.8cB	5.5dC	4.3fD	5.8dC
	IBA	7.5bA	6.9bcB	6.0cC	4.8eD	6.5^**cBC
	UB	8.2^**abA	7.6^**abB	6.8^**bC	5.9^**cD	6.9^**bcC
	TB	8.3^**aA	7.5^**abB	6.6^**bC	5.9^**cD	7.1^**bC
	TRP	7.7bA	7.2bAB	5.9cdC	5.4^**dC	6.8^**bcB

水分处理 Moisture	基质处理 Matrixes	日期Date (月-日Month-day)
水分处理 Moisture	基质处理 Matrixes	07-07	07-14	08-03	08-11	08-19
充分浇水Sufficient water	CK	0.325cA	0.331cA	0.352dA	0.343abA	0.242bB
	IBA	0.364cB	0.395cB	0.461^**cA	0.383aB	0.217bC
	UB	0.459^**bA	0.472^**bA	0.428^**cA	0.393aA	0.253abB
	TB	0.538^**aA	0.410^*bcC	0.477^**bcB	0.425^**aC	0.292abD
	TRP	0.410bcB	0.385cB	0.489^**bcA	0.406^*aB	0.236bC
干旱胁迫Drought stress	CK	0.355cB	0.477bA	0.500bcA	0.222bC	0.298abB
	IBA	0.356cCD	0.461bcB	0.579^*abA	0.401^*aBC	0.293abD
	UB	0.358cB	0.557^*aA	0.528bA	0.249bC	0.232^*abC
	TB	0.366cB	0.547^*aA	0.576^*abA	0.379^*aB	0.305aB
	TRP	0.354cCD	0.461bcB	0.597^**aA	0.409^*aBC	0.305aD

水分处理 Moisture	基质处理 Matrixes	日期Date (月-日Month-day)
水分处理 Moisture	基质处理 Matrixes	07-07	07-14	08-03	08-11	08-19
充分浇水Sufficient water	CK	0.325cA	0.331cA	0.352dA	0.343abA	0.242bB
	IBA	0.364cB	0.395cB	0.461^**cA	0.383aB	0.217bC
	UB	0.459^**bA	0.472^**bA	0.428^**cA	0.393aA	0.253abB
	TB	0.538^**aA	0.410^*bcC	0.477^**bcB	0.425^**aC	0.292abD
	TRP	0.410bcB	0.385cB	0.489^**bcA	0.406^*aB	0.236bC
干旱胁迫Drought stress	CK	0.355cB	0.477bA	0.500bcA	0.222bC	0.298abB
	IBA	0.356cCD	0.461bcB	0.579^*abA	0.401^*aBC	0.293abD
	UB	0.358cB	0.557^*aA	0.528bA	0.249bC	0.232^*abC
	TB	0.366cB	0.547^*aA	0.576^*abA	0.379^*aB	0.305aB
	TRP	0.354cCD	0.461bcB	0.597^**aA	0.409^*aBC	0.305aD

水分处理 Moisture	基质处理 Matrixes	日期Date (月-日Month-day)
水分处理 Moisture	基质处理 Matrixes	07-07	07-14	08-03	08-11	08-19
充分浇水Sufficient water	CK	2.70cA	1.92cB	2.17deB	2.26cAB	2.35bcAB
	IBA	2.61cBC	2.96^**bAB	2.51^*dC	2.73bcABC	3.06^**abA
	UB	3.24bcBC	2.85^**bC	4.33^**aA	3.66^**aAB	3.59^**aABC
	TB	3.11bcC	3.20^**bC	4.43^**aA	4.01^**aB	3.20^**abC
	TRP	2.89cA	2.90^**bA	3.36^**bA	2.95^**bA	2.90^*bA
干旱胁迫Drought stress	CK	3.51bA	3.02bB	2.10eC	1.39dD	2.23cC
	IBA	3.94abA	3.39abB	2.89^**cC	2.12^**cD	2.91bC
	UB	4.17aA	3.84^**aA	3.09^**bcB	2.38^**cC	3.35^**abB
	TB	4.04aA	3.84^**aA	3.21^**bcB	2.67^**bcC	3.39^**abB
	TRP	3.95abA	3.39abAB	2.69^*cdBC	2.26^**cC	3.28^**abAB