Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 35-48.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021289
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Wei-ling NIU1,2(), Hui CHEN2, Hui-xin HOU1, Chen-rui GUO1, Jiao-lin MA3, Jian-shuang WU1()
Received:
2021-07-27
Revised:
2021-09-13
Online:
2022-08-20
Published:
2022-07-01
Contact:
Jian-shuang WU
Wei-ling NIU, Hui CHEN, Hui-xin HOU, Chen-rui GUO, Jiao-lin MA, Jian-shuang WU. Ten-year livestock exclusion did not affect water and nitrogen use efficiency of alpine desert-steppe plants in Northwest Tibet[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(8): 35-48.
样地 Site | 经度 Longitude (E) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 海拔 Altitude (m) | GST (℃) | GSP (mm) | MAT (℃) | MAP (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DS-1 | 84.83° | 31.99° | 4609 | 10.8 | 360 | 2.1 | 393 |
DS-2 | 82.91° | 32.38° | 4476 | 11.5 | 290 | 2.5 | 334 |
DS-3 | 81.91° | 32.04° | 4604 | 11.3 | 228 | 2.2 | 267 |
样地 Site | AGB (g·m-2) | SR (No.·m-2) | SWC (%) | SOC (g·kg-1) | NO3--N (mg·kg-1) | NH4+-N (mg·kg-1) | 土壤pH Soil pH |
DS-1 | 26.52 | 5.9 | 13 | 0.81 | 8.05 | 17.78 | 8.51 |
DS-2 | 20.41 | 4.4 | 15 | 0.87 | 3.66 | 25.41 | 8.67 |
DS-3 | 22.85 | 5.2 | 7 | 0.37 | 1.64 | 15.16 | 8.75 |
Table 1 Sampling location information
样地 Site | 经度 Longitude (E) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 海拔 Altitude (m) | GST (℃) | GSP (mm) | MAT (℃) | MAP (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DS-1 | 84.83° | 31.99° | 4609 | 10.8 | 360 | 2.1 | 393 |
DS-2 | 82.91° | 32.38° | 4476 | 11.5 | 290 | 2.5 | 334 |
DS-3 | 81.91° | 32.04° | 4604 | 11.3 | 228 | 2.2 | 267 |
样地 Site | AGB (g·m-2) | SR (No.·m-2) | SWC (%) | SOC (g·kg-1) | NO3--N (mg·kg-1) | NH4+-N (mg·kg-1) | 土壤pH Soil pH |
DS-1 | 26.52 | 5.9 | 13 | 0.81 | 8.05 | 17.78 | 8.51 |
DS-2 | 20.41 | 4.4 | 15 | 0.87 | 3.66 | 25.41 | 8.67 |
DS-3 | 22.85 | 5.2 | 7 | 0.37 | 1.64 | 15.16 | 8.75 |
功能群 PFGs | 物种 Species | δ13C (‰) | δ15N (‰) | 叶碳含量 LCC (%) | 叶氮含量 LNC (%) | 地上生物量 AGB (g·m-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
豆科 Legumes | 轮叶棘豆Oxytropis chiliophylla | -27.50±0.36 | -0.93±0.35 | 41.87±2.25 | 2.71±0.14 | 3.11±1.88 |
小垫黄芪Astragalus pulvinatus | -26.82±0.08 | -0.58±0.39 | 42.36±1.36 | 2.95±0.15 | 0.98±0.36 | |
杂类草 Forbs | 半卧狗娃花Heteropappus semiprostratus | -27.86±0.00 | 1.16±0.00 | 35.15±0.00 | 2.28±0.00 | 1.36±0.00 |
半球齿缘草Eritrichium hemisphaericum | -27.83±0.35 | 1.76±0.43 | 39.74±0.17 | 1.74±0.04 | 0.25±0.05 | |
青藏大戟Euphorbia altotibetica | -24.91±0.00 | 2.27±0.00 | 45.51±0.00 | 2.13±0.00 | 0.61±0.00 | |
钉柱委陵菜Potentilla saundersiana | -26.76±0.00 | 2.79±0.00 | 52.34±0.00 | 1.53±0.00 | 3.46±0.00 | |
二裂委陵菜Potentilla bifurca | -26.83±0.11 | 3.40±0.47 | 47.72±1.24 | 1.54±0.07 | 4.33±1.85 | |
纤杆蒿Artemisia demissa | -27.32±0.16 | 4.45±0.27 | 47.95±0.95 | 1.78±0.08 | 2.96±1.04 | |
藏沙蒿Artemisia wellbyi | -26.61±0.32 | 4.54±0.66 | 47.41±1.73 | 2.02±0.13 | 0.27±0.06 | |
棉毛葶苈Draba winterbottomii | -26.57±0.18 | 5.09±0.47 | 39.96±2.13 | 2.07±0.07 | 1.49±0.47 | |
禾本科 Grasses | 紫花针茅S. purpurea | -26.38±0.14 | 1.32±0.34 | 50.11±0.46 | 1.63±0.05 | 22.49±4.17 |
梭罗草Roegneria thoroldiana | -26.66±0.00 | 2.92±0.00 | 46.49±0.00 | 1.47±0.00 | 0.39±0.00 | |
羽柱针茅Stipa subsessiliflora | -26.38±0.46 | 2.97±0.41 | 46.75±1.86 | 1.50±0.11 | 7.60±0.95 | |
固沙草Orinus thoroldii | -23.35±0.20 | 4.37±0.57 | 51.90±1.33 | 1.46±0.04 | 14.28±4.25 | |
沙生针茅S. glareosa | -26.83±0.13 | 5.50±0.31 | 49.67±1.29 | 1.64±0.10 | 12.04±1.02 | |
莎草科 Sedges | 华扁穗草Blysmus sinocompressus | -26.86±0.15 | 3.02±0.26 | 49.06±0.86 | 1.65±0.07 | 1.96±0.48 |
青藏苔草Carex moorcroftii | -27.31±0.00 | 6.80±0.00 | 52.93±0.00 | 1.76±0.00 | 2.06±0.00 |
Table 2 Leaf carbon and nitrogen content (LCC and LNC), leaf stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N), and aboveground biomass of different plant functional groups (PFGs)
功能群 PFGs | 物种 Species | δ13C (‰) | δ15N (‰) | 叶碳含量 LCC (%) | 叶氮含量 LNC (%) | 地上生物量 AGB (g·m-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
豆科 Legumes | 轮叶棘豆Oxytropis chiliophylla | -27.50±0.36 | -0.93±0.35 | 41.87±2.25 | 2.71±0.14 | 3.11±1.88 |
小垫黄芪Astragalus pulvinatus | -26.82±0.08 | -0.58±0.39 | 42.36±1.36 | 2.95±0.15 | 0.98±0.36 | |
杂类草 Forbs | 半卧狗娃花Heteropappus semiprostratus | -27.86±0.00 | 1.16±0.00 | 35.15±0.00 | 2.28±0.00 | 1.36±0.00 |
半球齿缘草Eritrichium hemisphaericum | -27.83±0.35 | 1.76±0.43 | 39.74±0.17 | 1.74±0.04 | 0.25±0.05 | |
青藏大戟Euphorbia altotibetica | -24.91±0.00 | 2.27±0.00 | 45.51±0.00 | 2.13±0.00 | 0.61±0.00 | |
钉柱委陵菜Potentilla saundersiana | -26.76±0.00 | 2.79±0.00 | 52.34±0.00 | 1.53±0.00 | 3.46±0.00 | |
二裂委陵菜Potentilla bifurca | -26.83±0.11 | 3.40±0.47 | 47.72±1.24 | 1.54±0.07 | 4.33±1.85 | |
纤杆蒿Artemisia demissa | -27.32±0.16 | 4.45±0.27 | 47.95±0.95 | 1.78±0.08 | 2.96±1.04 | |
藏沙蒿Artemisia wellbyi | -26.61±0.32 | 4.54±0.66 | 47.41±1.73 | 2.02±0.13 | 0.27±0.06 | |
棉毛葶苈Draba winterbottomii | -26.57±0.18 | 5.09±0.47 | 39.96±2.13 | 2.07±0.07 | 1.49±0.47 | |
禾本科 Grasses | 紫花针茅S. purpurea | -26.38±0.14 | 1.32±0.34 | 50.11±0.46 | 1.63±0.05 | 22.49±4.17 |
梭罗草Roegneria thoroldiana | -26.66±0.00 | 2.92±0.00 | 46.49±0.00 | 1.47±0.00 | 0.39±0.00 | |
羽柱针茅Stipa subsessiliflora | -26.38±0.46 | 2.97±0.41 | 46.75±1.86 | 1.50±0.11 | 7.60±0.95 | |
固沙草Orinus thoroldii | -23.35±0.20 | 4.37±0.57 | 51.90±1.33 | 1.46±0.04 | 14.28±4.25 | |
沙生针茅S. glareosa | -26.83±0.13 | 5.50±0.31 | 49.67±1.29 | 1.64±0.10 | 12.04±1.02 | |
莎草科 Sedges | 华扁穗草Blysmus sinocompressus | -26.86±0.15 | 3.02±0.26 | 49.06±0.86 | 1.65±0.07 | 1.96±0.48 |
青藏苔草Carex moorcroftii | -27.31±0.00 | 6.80±0.00 | 52.93±0.00 | 1.76±0.00 | 2.06±0.00 |
Fig.2 Effects of livestock exclusion on community weighted means (CWMs) of leaf carbon and nitrogen content (LCC and LNC), leaf stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N)
项目 Item | 叶碳含量LCC | 叶氮含量LNC | δ13C | δ15N | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | |
土地利用类型 LUT | 5.17 | <0.05 | 1.33 | 0.25 | 0.40 | 0.53 | 2.53 | 0.12 |
植物功能群PFGs | 8.16 | <0.01 | 60.78 | <0.01 | 3.55 | <0.05 | 24.55 | <0.01 |
LUT∶PFGs | 0.94 | 0.43 | 3.14 | <0.05 | 0.27 | 0.85 | 0.41 | 0.75 |
Table 3 Effects of land use types (LUT, fenced vs grazed) and plant functional groups (PFGs) on the community-weighted means of leaf carbon and nitrogen content (LCC and LNC) and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N)
项目 Item | 叶碳含量LCC | 叶氮含量LNC | δ13C | δ15N | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | |
土地利用类型 LUT | 5.17 | <0.05 | 1.33 | 0.25 | 0.40 | 0.53 | 2.53 | 0.12 |
植物功能群PFGs | 8.16 | <0.01 | 60.78 | <0.01 | 3.55 | <0.05 | 24.55 | <0.01 |
LUT∶PFGs | 0.94 | 0.43 | 3.14 | <0.05 | 0.27 | 0.85 | 0.41 | 0.75 |
Fig.3 Effects of livestock exclusion on leaf carbon and nitrogen content (LCC and LNC) and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N) of different functional group (PFGs)
Fig.4 Relationship among community weighted means (CWMs) of leaf carbon and nitrogen content (LCC and LNC) and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N and δ13C)
变量Variables | δ15N | δ13C | LNC | LCC | GST | GSP | SWC | SOC | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
δ13C | -0.09 | |||||||||
叶氮含量LNC | 0.00 | -0.15 | ||||||||
叶碳含量LCC | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.05 | |||||||
生长季气温GST | 0.87*** | -0.16 | 0.03 | -0.08 | ||||||
生长季降水GSP | -0.48 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.40 | -0.69* | |||||
土壤含水量SWC | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.30 | 0.42 | -0.01 | 0.65* | ||||
铵态氮NH4+-N | 0.49 | -0.17 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.48 | 0.18 | 0.63* | |||
硝态氮NO3--N | -0.39 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.51 | -0.69* | 0.84** | 0.41 | -0.04 | ||
土壤有机碳SOC | 0.03 | -0.07 | 0.25 | 0.32 | -0.07 | 0.65* | 0.85*** | 0.57 | 0.45 | |
土壤pH Soil pH | 0.42 | -0.40 | 0.09 | -0.51 | 0.62 | -0.78** | -0.48 | 0.03 | -0.86** | -0.54 |
Table 4 Correlation matrix of community weighted means (CWMs) of leaf carbon and nitrogen content (LCC and LNC) and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N) as well as environmental variables
变量Variables | δ15N | δ13C | LNC | LCC | GST | GSP | SWC | SOC | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
δ13C | -0.09 | |||||||||
叶氮含量LNC | 0.00 | -0.15 | ||||||||
叶碳含量LCC | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.05 | |||||||
生长季气温GST | 0.87*** | -0.16 | 0.03 | -0.08 | ||||||
生长季降水GSP | -0.48 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.40 | -0.69* | |||||
土壤含水量SWC | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.30 | 0.42 | -0.01 | 0.65* | ||||
铵态氮NH4+-N | 0.49 | -0.17 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.48 | 0.18 | 0.63* | |||
硝态氮NO3--N | -0.39 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.51 | -0.69* | 0.84** | 0.41 | -0.04 | ||
土壤有机碳SOC | 0.03 | -0.07 | 0.25 | 0.32 | -0.07 | 0.65* | 0.85*** | 0.57 | 0.45 | |
土壤pH Soil pH | 0.42 | -0.40 | 0.09 | -0.51 | 0.62 | -0.78** | -0.48 | 0.03 | -0.86** | -0.54 |
Fig.5 Relationship among community weighted means (CWMs) of leaf carbon and nitrogen content (LCC and LNC) and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N) and climate factors
Fig.6 Relationship among community weighted means (CWMs) of leaf carbon and nitrogen content (LCC and LNC) and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N) and soil factors
环境因子 Environmental variables | df | 群落加权均值多元线性模型Multivariate linear models for CWMs | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
δ13C (R2 =0.36) | δ15N (R2 =0.85) | LCC (R2 =0.49) | LNC (R2 =0.27) | |||||||||||||||
SS | F | P | η2(%) | SS | F | P | η2(%) | SS | F | P | η2(%) | SS | F | P | η2(%) | |||
生长季气温 GST | 1 | 0.72 | 0.86 | 0.36 | 2.51 | 21.84 | 111.53 | <0.01 | 75.31 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.85 | 0.12 | |
生长季降水 GSP | 1 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.85 | 0.11 | 0.90 | 4.57 | <0.05 | 3.09 | 6.75 | 9.98 | <0.01 | 23.28 | 1.34 | 1.39 | 0.25 | 4.61 | |
土壤含水量 SWC | 1 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.71 | 0.43 | 0.34 | 1.73 | 0.20 | 1.17 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.76 | 0.23 | 1.68 | 1.74 | 0.20 | 5.79 | |
铵态氮 NH4+-N | 1 | 1.59 | 1.89 | 0.18 | 5.49 | 0.25 | 1.29 | 0.27 | 0.87 | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.45 | 1.39 | 1.57 | 1.63 | 0.22 | 5.41 | |
硝态氮 NO3--N | 1 | 2.26 | 2.68 | 0.12 | 7.78 | 1.10 | 5.61 | <0.05 | 3.78 | 4.67 | 6.91 | <0.05 | 16.11 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.84 | 0.15 | |
土壤有机碳 SOC | 1 | 1.07 | 1.27 | 0.27 | 3.70 | 0.11 | 0.55 | 0.47 | 0.37 | 0.90 | 1.33 | 0.26 | 3.09 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.91 | 0.04 | |
土壤pH Soil pH | 1 | 4.65 | 5.51 | <0.05 | 16.03 | 0.17 | 0.85 | 0.37 | 0.57 | 1.15 | 1.70 | 0.21 | 3.97 | 3.14 | 3.26 | 0.08 | 10.84 | |
残差 Residuals | 22 | 18.55 | 4.31 | 14.88 |
Table 5 Effects of environmental variables on community weighted means (CWMs) of leaf carbon and nitrogen content (LCC and LNC) and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N and δ13C)
环境因子 Environmental variables | df | 群落加权均值多元线性模型Multivariate linear models for CWMs | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
δ13C (R2 =0.36) | δ15N (R2 =0.85) | LCC (R2 =0.49) | LNC (R2 =0.27) | |||||||||||||||
SS | F | P | η2(%) | SS | F | P | η2(%) | SS | F | P | η2(%) | SS | F | P | η2(%) | |||
生长季气温 GST | 1 | 0.72 | 0.86 | 0.36 | 2.51 | 21.84 | 111.53 | <0.01 | 75.31 | 0.18 | 0.26 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.85 | 0.12 | |
生长季降水 GSP | 1 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.85 | 0.11 | 0.90 | 4.57 | <0.05 | 3.09 | 6.75 | 9.98 | <0.01 | 23.28 | 1.34 | 1.39 | 0.25 | 4.61 | |
土壤含水量 SWC | 1 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.71 | 0.43 | 0.34 | 1.73 | 0.20 | 1.17 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.76 | 0.23 | 1.68 | 1.74 | 0.20 | 5.79 | |
铵态氮 NH4+-N | 1 | 1.59 | 1.89 | 0.18 | 5.49 | 0.25 | 1.29 | 0.27 | 0.87 | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.45 | 1.39 | 1.57 | 1.63 | 0.22 | 5.41 | |
硝态氮 NO3--N | 1 | 2.26 | 2.68 | 0.12 | 7.78 | 1.10 | 5.61 | <0.05 | 3.78 | 4.67 | 6.91 | <0.05 | 16.11 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.84 | 0.15 | |
土壤有机碳 SOC | 1 | 1.07 | 1.27 | 0.27 | 3.70 | 0.11 | 0.55 | 0.47 | 0.37 | 0.90 | 1.33 | 0.26 | 3.09 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.91 | 0.04 | |
土壤pH Soil pH | 1 | 4.65 | 5.51 | <0.05 | 16.03 | 0.17 | 0.85 | 0.37 | 0.57 | 1.15 | 1.70 | 0.21 | 3.97 | 3.14 | 3.26 | 0.08 | 10.84 | |
残差 Residuals | 22 | 18.55 | 4.31 | 14.88 |
项目Item | 环境因子Environmental variables | df | SS | F | P | η2 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
δ15N, R2 =0.84 | 生长季气温GST | 1 | 21.84 | 124.41 | <0.01 | 75.31 |
硝态氮 NO3--N | 1 | 2.43 | 13.82 | <0.01 | 8.36 | |
残差Residuals | 27 | 4.74 | ||||
δ13C, R2 =0.35 | 生长季气温GST | 1 | 0.38 | 1.00 | >0.10 | 2.50 |
土壤有机碳SOC | 1 | 0.12 | 0.28 | >0.10 | 0.70 | |
土壤pH Soil pH | 1 | 4.87 | 12.77 | <0.01 | 31.88 | |
残差Residuals | 26 | 12.09 | ||||
叶碳含量LCC, R2 =0.41 | 生长季气温GST | 1 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.60 | 0.61 |
硝态氮 NO3--N | 1 | 11.72 | 18.51 | <0.01 | 40.43 | |
残差Residuals | 27 | 17.10 |
Table 6 Effects of environmental variables on community weighted means (CWMs) of leaf carbon content (LCC) and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N and δ13C) in multivariate linear optimal models (MLOM)
项目Item | 环境因子Environmental variables | df | SS | F | P | η2 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
δ15N, R2 =0.84 | 生长季气温GST | 1 | 21.84 | 124.41 | <0.01 | 75.31 |
硝态氮 NO3--N | 1 | 2.43 | 13.82 | <0.01 | 8.36 | |
残差Residuals | 27 | 4.74 | ||||
δ13C, R2 =0.35 | 生长季气温GST | 1 | 0.38 | 1.00 | >0.10 | 2.50 |
土壤有机碳SOC | 1 | 0.12 | 0.28 | >0.10 | 0.70 | |
土壤pH Soil pH | 1 | 4.87 | 12.77 | <0.01 | 31.88 | |
残差Residuals | 26 | 12.09 | ||||
叶碳含量LCC, R2 =0.41 | 生长季气温GST | 1 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.60 | 0.61 |
硝态氮 NO3--N | 1 | 11.72 | 18.51 | <0.01 | 40.43 | |
残差Residuals | 27 | 17.10 |
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