Effects of potassium application level on the growth， tuber quality， and yield of Cyperus esculentus in the Northern wind-sand area

doi:10.11686/cyxb2024037

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study， the effects of the potassium （K） fertilizer application rate on the growth， physiology， biochemical indexes， tuber quality， and yield of Cyperus esculentus were determined， with an overall aim to provide theoretical support for the optimization of K fertilization for C. esculentus growing in the Northern Wind-Sand Area. A pot experiment with the C. esculentus cultivar Zhongyousha 1 was conducted in which K fertilizer was applied at four different levels： 0 （K₀）， 0.15 （K₁）， 0.30 （K₂） and 0.45 g·kg^-1（K₃）. The growth， physiology， biochemical indexes， tuber quality， and yield were analyzed. The results showed that， compared with the control （K₀）， all the treatments resulted in significantly increased values for plant height， tiller number， single leaf area， maximum root length， and root volume of C. esculentus. The highest activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and soluble starch synthas and the largest amount of starch and fat in tubers （229.03 mg·g^-1 and 21.98%， respectively） were in the K₁ treatment （K applied at 0.15 g·kg^-1）， but the values of these parameters were not significantly different from their respective values in the K₂ treatment. The highest contents of unsaturated fatty acids and total fatty acids in the tubers （16.53 and 20.07 g·100 g^-1， respectively） were in the K₂ treatment. The highest total in the tubers sugar content （217.86 mg·g^-1） was in the K₃ treatment. The whole plant dry weight and yield of C. esculentus increased as the potassium application rate increased， and showed the highest values in the K₃ treatment， but these values were not significantly different from those in the K₂ treatment. Based on the quality， yield， and nutrient utilization rate of C. esculentus， we concluded that a K fertilizer application rate of 0.30 g·kg^-1 can enhance its growth and development in the Northern Wind-Sand Area， improve the activities of enzymes and other indexes related to quality， and increase dry matter accumulation and tuber yield.

Key words: Cyperus esculentus, potassium fertilizer, potted, tuber yield, quality

Zi-qi CAO, Xiao-qing ZHAO, Xiang-qian ZHANG, Jian-hui WU, Fan ZHANG, Dan LIU, Zhan-yuan LU, Yong-feng REN. Effects of potassium application level on the growth， tuber quality， and yield of Cyperus esculentus in the Northern wind-sand area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(12): 73-83.

Figures/Tables 7

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项目 Item	K₀	K₁	K₂	K₃
十四碳酸（肉蔻酸）Myristic acid	0.0094±0.0004b	0.0082±0.0005b	0.0143±0.0026a	0.0141±0.0007a
十六碳酸（棕榈酸）Palmitic acid	1.9283±0.0715b	1.9299±0.1280b	2.3422±0.1699a	2.3311±0.0937a
顺-9-十六碳一烯酸（棕榈油酸）Palmitoleic acid	0.0197±0.0020b	0.0332±0.0036a	0.0262±0.0073ab	0.0254±0.0043ab
十七碳酸（珠光脂酸）Margaric acid	0.0097±0.0003c	0.0095±0.0003c	0.0122±0.0006a	0.0111±0.0007b
顺-10-十七碳一烯酸Heptadecenoic acid	0.0075±0.0002b	0.0072±0.0005b	0.0112±0.0036a	0.0091±0.0001ab
十八碳酸（硬脂酸）Stearic acid	0.5730±0.0288c	0.5842±0.0277c	0.9100±0.0526a	0.6536±0.0294b
顺-9-十八碳一烯酸（油酸）Oleic acid	10.7614±0.4259b	11.3937±0.6778b	13.4113±0.8017a	13.5707±0.6152a
顺，顺-9，12-十八碳二烯酸（亚油酸）Linoleic acid	1.7620±0.0657c	1.7719±0.1237c	2.9317±0.1840a	2.0487±0.1007b
顺，顺，顺-6，9，12-十八碳三烯酸（γ-亚麻酸）γ-Linolenic acid	0.0280±0.0025b	0.0436±0.0042a	0.0287±0.0029b	0.0172±0.0006c
顺，顺，顺-9，12，15-十八碳三烯酸（α-亚麻酸）α-Linolenic acid	0.0480±0.0013ab	0.0450±0.0034bc	0.0418±0.0028c	0.0526±0.0020a
二十碳酸（花生酸）Arachidic acid	0.0874±0.0023c	0.0909±0.0038c	0.1246±0.0122a	0.1067±0.0075b
顺-11-二十碳一烯酸（花生一烯酸）Gadoleic acid	0.0421±0.0031c	0.0417±0.0031c	0.0742±0.0056a	0.0507±0.0032b
二十二碳酸（山嵛酸）Docosanoic acid	0.0183±0.0037b	0.0178±0.0026b	0.0760±0.0066a	0.0245±0.0026b
二十四碳酸（木腊酸）Tetracosanoic acid	0.0321±0.0002c	0.0309±0.0006c	0.0683±0.0050a	0.0454±0.0073b
饱和脂肪酸总量Total saturated fatty acids	2.6582±0.1020c	2.6713±0.1603c	3.5477±0.2456a	3.1866±0.1307b
不饱和脂肪酸总量Total unsaturated fatty acids	12.6686±0.4899b	13.3365±0.8134b	16.5251±0.9953a	15.7746±0.7206a
脂肪酸总量Total fatty acids	15.3268±0.5911b	16.0079±0.9736b	20.0728±1.2389a	18.9612±0.8500a

项目 Item	K₀	K₁	K₂	K₃
十四碳酸（肉蔻酸）Myristic acid	0.0094±0.0004b	0.0082±0.0005b	0.0143±0.0026a	0.0141±0.0007a
十六碳酸（棕榈酸）Palmitic acid	1.9283±0.0715b	1.9299±0.1280b	2.3422±0.1699a	2.3311±0.0937a
顺-9-十六碳一烯酸（棕榈油酸）Palmitoleic acid	0.0197±0.0020b	0.0332±0.0036a	0.0262±0.0073ab	0.0254±0.0043ab
十七碳酸（珠光脂酸）Margaric acid	0.0097±0.0003c	0.0095±0.0003c	0.0122±0.0006a	0.0111±0.0007b
顺-10-十七碳一烯酸Heptadecenoic acid	0.0075±0.0002b	0.0072±0.0005b	0.0112±0.0036a	0.0091±0.0001ab
十八碳酸（硬脂酸）Stearic acid	0.5730±0.0288c	0.5842±0.0277c	0.9100±0.0526a	0.6536±0.0294b
顺-9-十八碳一烯酸（油酸）Oleic acid	10.7614±0.4259b	11.3937±0.6778b	13.4113±0.8017a	13.5707±0.6152a
顺，顺-9，12-十八碳二烯酸（亚油酸）Linoleic acid	1.7620±0.0657c	1.7719±0.1237c	2.9317±0.1840a	2.0487±0.1007b
顺，顺，顺-6，9，12-十八碳三烯酸（γ-亚麻酸）γ-Linolenic acid	0.0280±0.0025b	0.0436±0.0042a	0.0287±0.0029b	0.0172±0.0006c
顺，顺，顺-9，12，15-十八碳三烯酸（α-亚麻酸）α-Linolenic acid	0.0480±0.0013ab	0.0450±0.0034bc	0.0418±0.0028c	0.0526±0.0020a
二十碳酸（花生酸）Arachidic acid	0.0874±0.0023c	0.0909±0.0038c	0.1246±0.0122a	0.1067±0.0075b
顺-11-二十碳一烯酸（花生一烯酸）Gadoleic acid	0.0421±0.0031c	0.0417±0.0031c	0.0742±0.0056a	0.0507±0.0032b
二十二碳酸（山嵛酸）Docosanoic acid	0.0183±0.0037b	0.0178±0.0026b	0.0760±0.0066a	0.0245±0.0026b
二十四碳酸（木腊酸）Tetracosanoic acid	0.0321±0.0002c	0.0309±0.0006c	0.0683±0.0050a	0.0454±0.0073b
饱和脂肪酸总量Total saturated fatty acids	2.6582±0.1020c	2.6713±0.1603c	3.5477±0.2456a	3.1866±0.1307b
不饱和脂肪酸总量Total unsaturated fatty acids	12.6686±0.4899b	13.3365±0.8134b	16.5251±0.9953a	15.7746±0.7206a
脂肪酸总量Total fatty acids	15.3268±0.5911b	16.0079±0.9736b	20.0728±1.2389a	18.9612±0.8500a

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