Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 198-208.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023191
Feng-shuo ZHANG(), Qiu-rong JI(), Ting-li HE, Qu-yang-ang-mao SU, Zhi-you WANG, Sheng-zhen HOU, lin-Sheng GUI()
Received:
2023-06-09
Revised:
2023-07-21
Online:
2024-03-20
Published:
2023-12-27
Contact:
lin-Sheng GUI
Feng-shuo ZHANG, Qiu-rong JI, Ting-li HE, Qu-yang-ang-mao SU, Zhi-you WANG, Sheng-zhen HOU, lin-Sheng GUI. Effect of different ratios of amino acids in low-protein diets on muscle quality, amino acid and fatty acid composition, and vitamin and mineral contents of the longissimus dorsi muscle in Tibetan sheep[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(3): 198-208.
项目 Items | LP-L (1∶1) | LP-M (2∶1) | LP-H (3∶1) |
---|---|---|---|
原料Ingredient | |||
玉米 Corn (%) | 52.19 | 53.00 | 53.00 |
小麦 Wheat (%) | 11.00 | 11.00 | 11.00 |
豆粕 Soybean meal (%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
菜籽粕 Rape seed meal (%) | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
棉籽粕 Cotton seed meal (%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
玉米胚芽粕 Maize germ meal (%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
棕榈粕 Palm meal (%) | 16.00 | 16.00 | 16.00 |
食盐 NaCl (%) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.86 |
石粉 Limestone (%) | 0.50 | 0.63 | 1.00 |
小苏打 Baking soda (%) | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.10 |
1% 预混料 1% premix (%) | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
3.6% 预混料3.6% premix (%) | 3.60 | 3.60 | 3.60 |
赖氨酸 Lysine (%) | 1.98 | 1.33 | 0.69 |
蛋氨酸 Methionine (%) | 0.53 | 0.34 | 0.15 |
合计 Total (%) | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
营养水平 Nutrient levels | |||
消化能Digestible energy (DE, MJ·kg-1) | 12.70 | 12.82 | 12.82 |
粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP, %) | 11.97 | 12.03 | 12.03 |
粗脂肪 Ether extract (EE, %) | 3.68 | 3.71 | 3.71 |
粗纤维 Crude fiber (CF, %) | 20.96 | 21.16 | 21.16 |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %) | 20.68 | 20.76 | 20.76 |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %) | 13.84 | 13.86 | 13.86 |
钙 Ca (%) | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
磷 P (%) | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.43 |
Table 1 Dietary concentrate composition and nutrient levels
项目 Items | LP-L (1∶1) | LP-M (2∶1) | LP-H (3∶1) |
---|---|---|---|
原料Ingredient | |||
玉米 Corn (%) | 52.19 | 53.00 | 53.00 |
小麦 Wheat (%) | 11.00 | 11.00 | 11.00 |
豆粕 Soybean meal (%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
菜籽粕 Rape seed meal (%) | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
棉籽粕 Cotton seed meal (%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
玉米胚芽粕 Maize germ meal (%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
棕榈粕 Palm meal (%) | 16.00 | 16.00 | 16.00 |
食盐 NaCl (%) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.86 |
石粉 Limestone (%) | 0.50 | 0.63 | 1.00 |
小苏打 Baking soda (%) | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.10 |
1% 预混料 1% premix (%) | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
3.6% 预混料3.6% premix (%) | 3.60 | 3.60 | 3.60 |
赖氨酸 Lysine (%) | 1.98 | 1.33 | 0.69 |
蛋氨酸 Methionine (%) | 0.53 | 0.34 | 0.15 |
合计 Total (%) | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
营养水平 Nutrient levels | |||
消化能Digestible energy (DE, MJ·kg-1) | 12.70 | 12.82 | 12.82 |
粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP, %) | 11.97 | 12.03 | 12.03 |
粗脂肪 Ether extract (EE, %) | 3.68 | 3.71 | 3.71 |
粗纤维 Crude fiber (CF, %) | 20.96 | 21.16 | 21.16 |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %) | 20.68 | 20.76 | 20.76 |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %) | 13.84 | 13.86 | 13.86 |
钙 Ca (%) | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
磷 P (%) | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.43 |
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
解冻损失Thawing loss (%) | 4.82±0.42b | 5.64±1.00ab | 7.22±0.67a | 0.048 |
蒸煮损失Cooking loss (%) | 25.51±1.86b | 30.45±1.50a | 31.76±1.01a | 0.029 |
系水力Water-holding capacity (%) | 86.52±0.78 | 84.00±2.18 | 83.06±1.77 | 0.356 |
剪切力Shear force (N) | 118.08±5.13b | 134.14±9.68a | 133.37±4.94a | 0.023 |
pH45min | 5.98±0.03 | 5.95±0.08 | 5.94±0.09 | 0.868 |
pH24h | 5.50±0.07 | 5.77±0.17 | 5.57±0.08 | 0.284 |
Table 2 Effect of different ratios of amino acids in low-protein diets on the quality of the longest muscle of the dorsal loin in Tibetan sheep
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
解冻损失Thawing loss (%) | 4.82±0.42b | 5.64±1.00ab | 7.22±0.67a | 0.048 |
蒸煮损失Cooking loss (%) | 25.51±1.86b | 30.45±1.50a | 31.76±1.01a | 0.029 |
系水力Water-holding capacity (%) | 86.52±0.78 | 84.00±2.18 | 83.06±1.77 | 0.356 |
剪切力Shear force (N) | 118.08±5.13b | 134.14±9.68a | 133.37±4.94a | 0.023 |
pH45min | 5.98±0.03 | 5.95±0.08 | 5.94±0.09 | 0.868 |
pH24h | 5.50±0.07 | 5.77±0.17 | 5.57±0.08 | 0.284 |
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
必需氨基酸Essential amino acid | ||||
精氨酸Arginine | 1.27±0.01 | 1.28±0.06 | 1.31±0.05 | 0.821 |
苏氨酸Threonine | 0.88±0.01 | 0.88±0.04 | 0.88±0.03 | 0.988 |
胱氨酸Cystine | 0.07±0.01 | 0.09±0.01 | 0.09±0.01 | 0.094 |
缬氨酸Valine | 0.99±0.02 | 1.01±0.05 | 1.01±0.02 | 0.905 |
甲硫氨酸Methionine | 0.49±0.01 | 0.51±0.03 | 0.48±0.01 | 0.543 |
异亮氨酸Isoleucine | 0.90±0.02 | 0.92±0.08 | 0.91±0.03 | 0.910 |
亮氨酸Leucine | 1.59±0.03 | 1.61±0.08 | 1.61±0.03 | 0.961 |
苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine | 0.81±0.01 | 0.78±0.04 | 0.74±0.02 | 0.291 |
组氨酸Histidine | 0.87±0.02 | 0.90±0.06 | 0.92±0.03 | 0.748 |
赖氨酸Lysine | 1.36±0.02 | 1.38±0.07 | 1.37±0.03 | 0.946 |
非必需氨基酸Non essential amino acids | ||||
酪氨酸Tyrosine | 0.69±0.01 | 0.68±0.03 | 0.65±0.01 | 0.459 |
天冬氨酸Aspartic acid | 1.74±0.02 | 1.79±0.09 | 1.76±0.04 | 0.869 |
丝氨酸Serine | 0.78±0.01 | 0.77±0.04 | 0.78±0.03 | 0.922 |
谷氨酸Glutamate | 2.93±0.05 | 2.91±0.16 | 2.94±0.09 | 0.976 |
丙氨酸Alanine | 1.13±0.01 | 1.14±0.06 | 1.19±0.06 | 0.676 |
脯氨酸Proline | 0.79±0.01 | 0.81±0.04 | 0.86±0.08 | 0.623 |
甘氨酸Glycine | 0.96±0.03 | 1.00±0.06 | 1.11±0.14 | 0.526 |
氨基酸总量Total amino acids | 18.23±0.23 | 18.40±0.91 | 18.63±0.63 | 0.911 |
Table 3 Effect of different ratios of amino acids in low-protein diets on the amino acid composition of the longest muscle of the dorsal girdle in Tibetan sheep (g·100 g-1)
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
必需氨基酸Essential amino acid | ||||
精氨酸Arginine | 1.27±0.01 | 1.28±0.06 | 1.31±0.05 | 0.821 |
苏氨酸Threonine | 0.88±0.01 | 0.88±0.04 | 0.88±0.03 | 0.988 |
胱氨酸Cystine | 0.07±0.01 | 0.09±0.01 | 0.09±0.01 | 0.094 |
缬氨酸Valine | 0.99±0.02 | 1.01±0.05 | 1.01±0.02 | 0.905 |
甲硫氨酸Methionine | 0.49±0.01 | 0.51±0.03 | 0.48±0.01 | 0.543 |
异亮氨酸Isoleucine | 0.90±0.02 | 0.92±0.08 | 0.91±0.03 | 0.910 |
亮氨酸Leucine | 1.59±0.03 | 1.61±0.08 | 1.61±0.03 | 0.961 |
苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine | 0.81±0.01 | 0.78±0.04 | 0.74±0.02 | 0.291 |
组氨酸Histidine | 0.87±0.02 | 0.90±0.06 | 0.92±0.03 | 0.748 |
赖氨酸Lysine | 1.36±0.02 | 1.38±0.07 | 1.37±0.03 | 0.946 |
非必需氨基酸Non essential amino acids | ||||
酪氨酸Tyrosine | 0.69±0.01 | 0.68±0.03 | 0.65±0.01 | 0.459 |
天冬氨酸Aspartic acid | 1.74±0.02 | 1.79±0.09 | 1.76±0.04 | 0.869 |
丝氨酸Serine | 0.78±0.01 | 0.77±0.04 | 0.78±0.03 | 0.922 |
谷氨酸Glutamate | 2.93±0.05 | 2.91±0.16 | 2.94±0.09 | 0.976 |
丙氨酸Alanine | 1.13±0.01 | 1.14±0.06 | 1.19±0.06 | 0.676 |
脯氨酸Proline | 0.79±0.01 | 0.81±0.04 | 0.86±0.08 | 0.623 |
甘氨酸Glycine | 0.96±0.03 | 1.00±0.06 | 1.11±0.14 | 0.526 |
氨基酸总量Total amino acids | 18.23±0.23 | 18.40±0.91 | 18.63±0.63 | 0.911 |
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
饱和脂肪酸Saturated fatty acids (SFA) | ||||
癸酸C10:0 | 0.09±0.02 | 0.11±0.02 | 0.13±0.02 | 0.198 |
十四碳酸C14:0 | 3.71±0.20 | 3.76±0.43 | 3.09±0.31 | 0.343 |
十五碳酸C15:0 | 0.33±0.02 | 0.42±0.08 | 0.28±0.03 | 0.240 |
硬脂酸C18:0 | 13.07±0.97 | 15.63±1.72 | 14.90±0.64 | 0.361 |
棕榈酸C16:0 | 24.50±0.31 | 23.60±1.00 | 23.33±0.43 | 0.463 |
十七碳酸C17:0 | 0.75±0.05 | 0.91±0.12 | 0.80±0.07 | 0.050 |
不饱和脂肪酸Unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) | ||||
棕榈油酸C16:1 | 2.63±0.30 | 2.33±0.26 | 2.39±0.16 | 0.668 |
十七碳烯酸C17:1 | 0.96±0.10a | 0.63±0.04b | 0.79±0.13b | 0.027 |
二十碳烯酸C20:1 | 0.15±0.01 | 0.19±0.03 | 0.19±0.04 | 0.565 |
油酸C18:In9c | 40.27±1.19 | 36.93±0.90 | 37.40±2.06 | 0.293 |
亚油酸C18:2n6c | 4.93±0.33a | 3.26±0.19b | 3.98±0.09b | 0.006 |
反式亚油酸C18:2n6t | 0.45±0.01a | 0.36±0.01b | 0.41±0.04ab | 0.047 |
α-亚麻酸C18:3n6 | 0.42±0.09a | 0.24±0.02b | 0.29±0.01b | 0.039 |
二十碳二烯酸C20:2n | 0.49±0.02 | 0.56±0.11 | 0.59±0.15 | 0.805 |
二十二碳三烯酸C22:3n3 | 1.83±0.38a | 1.25±0.06b | 1.65±0.33ab | 0.041 |
二十碳四烯酸C20:4n | 0.15±0.01 | 0.21±0.04 | 0.20±0.04 | 0.418 |
十五碳烯酸C15:1 | 0.89±0.22a | 0.59±0.10b | 0.75±0.10ab | 0.037 |
Table 4 Effect of different ratios of amino acids in low-protein diets on the fatty acid composition of the longest muscle of the dorsal girdle in Tibetan sheep (%)
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
饱和脂肪酸Saturated fatty acids (SFA) | ||||
癸酸C10:0 | 0.09±0.02 | 0.11±0.02 | 0.13±0.02 | 0.198 |
十四碳酸C14:0 | 3.71±0.20 | 3.76±0.43 | 3.09±0.31 | 0.343 |
十五碳酸C15:0 | 0.33±0.02 | 0.42±0.08 | 0.28±0.03 | 0.240 |
硬脂酸C18:0 | 13.07±0.97 | 15.63±1.72 | 14.90±0.64 | 0.361 |
棕榈酸C16:0 | 24.50±0.31 | 23.60±1.00 | 23.33±0.43 | 0.463 |
十七碳酸C17:0 | 0.75±0.05 | 0.91±0.12 | 0.80±0.07 | 0.050 |
不饱和脂肪酸Unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) | ||||
棕榈油酸C16:1 | 2.63±0.30 | 2.33±0.26 | 2.39±0.16 | 0.668 |
十七碳烯酸C17:1 | 0.96±0.10a | 0.63±0.04b | 0.79±0.13b | 0.027 |
二十碳烯酸C20:1 | 0.15±0.01 | 0.19±0.03 | 0.19±0.04 | 0.565 |
油酸C18:In9c | 40.27±1.19 | 36.93±0.90 | 37.40±2.06 | 0.293 |
亚油酸C18:2n6c | 4.93±0.33a | 3.26±0.19b | 3.98±0.09b | 0.006 |
反式亚油酸C18:2n6t | 0.45±0.01a | 0.36±0.01b | 0.41±0.04ab | 0.047 |
α-亚麻酸C18:3n6 | 0.42±0.09a | 0.24±0.02b | 0.29±0.01b | 0.039 |
二十碳二烯酸C20:2n | 0.49±0.02 | 0.56±0.11 | 0.59±0.15 | 0.805 |
二十二碳三烯酸C22:3n3 | 1.83±0.38a | 1.25±0.06b | 1.65±0.33ab | 0.041 |
二十碳四烯酸C20:4n | 0.15±0.01 | 0.21±0.04 | 0.20±0.04 | 0.418 |
十五碳烯酸C15:1 | 0.89±0.22a | 0.59±0.10b | 0.75±0.10ab | 0.037 |
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
维生素A Vitamin A (μg·100 g-1) | 5.087±0.566 | 2.893±0.417 | 5.083±1.279 | 0.186 |
α-维生素E α-Vitamin E (mg·100 g-1) | 0.134±0.007a | 0.106±0.007b | 0.125±0.005ab | 0.048 |
γ-维生素E γ-Vitamin E (mg·100 g-1) | 0.055±0.007a | 0.039±0.002b | 0.048±0.004ab | 0.017 |
维生素E Vitamin E (mg α-TE·100 g-1) | 0.139±0.008a | 0.110±0.007b | 0.130±0.007ab | 0.043 |
Table 5 Effect of different ratios of amino acids in low-protein diets on the vitamin content of the longest muscle of the dorsal girdle in Tibetan sheep
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
维生素A Vitamin A (μg·100 g-1) | 5.087±0.566 | 2.893±0.417 | 5.083±1.279 | 0.186 |
α-维生素E α-Vitamin E (mg·100 g-1) | 0.134±0.007a | 0.106±0.007b | 0.125±0.005ab | 0.048 |
γ-维生素E γ-Vitamin E (mg·100 g-1) | 0.055±0.007a | 0.039±0.002b | 0.048±0.004ab | 0.017 |
维生素E Vitamin E (mg α-TE·100 g-1) | 0.139±0.008a | 0.110±0.007b | 0.130±0.007ab | 0.043 |
项目Item | 组别 Group | P值P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
铁Fe | 13.833±0.267 | 12.533±0.876 | 12.900±0.173 | 0.286 |
硒Se | 0.024±0.002 | 0.024±0.007 | 0.025±0.006 | 0.794 |
钙Ca | 43.467±1.155a | 38.900±0.483b | 41.167±0.376ab | 0.021 |
锰Mn | 0.138±0.011 | 0.131±0.014 | 0.127±0.010 | 0.826 |
Table 6 Effect of different ratios of amino acids in low-protein diets on the mineral content of the longest muscle of the dorsal girdle in Tibetan sheep (mg·kg-1)
项目Item | 组别 Group | P值P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
LP-L | LP-M | LP-H | ||
铁Fe | 13.833±0.267 | 12.533±0.876 | 12.900±0.173 | 0.286 |
硒Se | 0.024±0.002 | 0.024±0.007 | 0.025±0.006 | 0.794 |
钙Ca | 43.467±1.155a | 38.900±0.483b | 41.167±0.376ab | 0.021 |
锰Mn | 0.138±0.011 | 0.131±0.014 | 0.127±0.010 | 0.826 |
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