Effects of seasonal snow cover thickness on biomass allocation of four dominant late flowering plants in an alpine meadow

doi:10.11686/cyxb2024101

Abstract

Abstract:

The distribution of plant biomass among individual organs indicates the allocation of assimilation products， and is a driving mechanism of the differential growth of different organs， regulated by both external environment and internal factors. In alpine ecosystems the growing season is short and seasonal snow cover is a critical environmental factor with wide ranging implications for regulation of plant growth. This study was conducted in the Minjiang River headwaters on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau， to elucidate the growth strategies under different patterns of seasonal snow cover and their biomass trade-offs. For this purpose， data were collected on the biomass allocation to different organs （roots， stems leaves and flowers） of four dominant late flowering herb species （Gentiana farreri， Cremanthodium lineare， Allium sikkimense and Gentiana hexaphylla）. The findings revealed that： 1） The biomass of different components of the four plant species responded differently to different snow cover thicknesses. For C. lineare， biomass of all plant organs tended to be reduced in medium snow compared to shallow snow， with the reductions significant （P<0.05） for stem and leaf biomass. Moreover， under medium snow cover， C. lineare biomass accumulation failed to meet the threshold for seed set， leading to a decrease in population size. By contrast， biomass of all plant organs of G. farreri tended to be higher in medium snow than in shallow snow， with root and leaf biomass values significantly （P<0.05） increased. Similarly， A. sikkimense plant biomass was increased in deep snow compared to medium snow with the increases significant （P<0.05） for all plant organs-roots， stems， leaves and flowers， and for plant height. In addition， A. sikkimense consistently exhibited allometric growth relationships between the above- and belowground biomass ［α=0.208， α=0.262， P<0.05， where α denotes lg （above ground biomass）∶lg （below ground biomass）］. Meanwhile， G. hexaphylla plant biomass and allocation to plant parts was not significantly different in deep snow from that in shallow snow. With increase in depth of snow cover， investment in reproductive organs increased， but reproductive allocation decreased， indicating size-dependency. 2） Based on the response-effect trait model， the variations in plant form with different snow thickness mainly reflected different resource acquisition roles of stems and leaves， as well as the reproductive function of flowers. The niches of C. lineare， A. sikkimense， and G. hexaphylla were significantly correlated with their aboveground biomass allocation， belowground biomass allocation， and the ratio of belowground to aboveground biomass. Thicker snow cover enhanced resource availability， leading to an increased reproductive performance for A. sikkimense and a decreased one for G. farreri， whereas G. hexaphylla maintained a constant reproductive performance with change in snow cover. This demonstrates that changes in reproductive performance are governed by various factors and exhibit species-specific responses. 3） When A. sikkimense is in locations with deep snow， it faces a ‘seed-risk’ scenario. By raising the reproductive investment， it boosts its absolute investment in reproductive organs， exemplifying the traits of a classic late-flowering alpine self-pollinating plant. Conversely， G. farreri， a cross-pollinating species， reduces its reproductive investment in moderately snowy areas rich in resources， following a strategy known as pollen-risking.

Key words: Minjiang headwater region, climate change, reproductive allocation, allometric growth, growth strategies

Ning ZHANG, Jin-niu WANG, Dong-liang LUO, Lin ZHANG, Bo XU, Yan WU. Effects of seasonal snow cover thickness on biomass allocation of four dominant late flowering plants in an alpine meadow[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(2): 67-80.

Figures/Tables 9

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性状Trait	物种效应P_S	雪被厚度效应P_T	物种×雪被厚度P_S×P_T	随机效应P_site
根Root	<0.001	0.304	<0.001	0.646
茎Stem	<0.001	0.223	0.166	<0.001
叶Leaf	<0.001	0.181	0.020	<0.001
花Flower	<0.001	0.044	0.922	0.951
营养器官生物量Vegetative organ biomass	<0.001	0.083	0.006	0.003
总生物量Total biomass	<0.001	0.098	0.031	<0.001

性状Trait	物种效应P_S	雪被厚度效应P_T	物种×雪被厚度P_S×P_T	随机效应P_site
根Root	<0.001	0.304	<0.001	0.646
茎Stem	<0.001	0.223	0.166	<0.001
叶Leaf	<0.001	0.181	0.020	<0.001
花Flower	<0.001	0.044	0.922	0.951
营养器官生物量Vegetative organ biomass	<0.001	0.083	0.006	0.003
总生物量Total biomass	<0.001	0.098	0.031	<0.001

物种 Species	协变量 Covariate	繁殖分配 Reproductive distribution	雪被厚度Snow cover thickness			雪被效应P_T	植株大小效应P_H/P_B	随机效应 P_site
物种 Species	协变量 Covariate	繁殖分配 Reproductive distribution	浅雪SS	中雪MS	深雪DS	雪被效应P_T	植株大小效应P_H/P_B	随机效应 P_site
线叶龙胆 G. farreri	株高 Height （m）	花生物量Flower （g·plant^-1）	0.185±0.046a	0.247±0.037a	-	0.687	0.368	0.911
	株高 Height （m）	繁殖分配RA	0.233±0.022a	0.212±0.018a	-	0.665	0.531	0.956
	总生物量 TB （g·plant^-1）	花生物量Flower （g·plant^-1）	0.200±0.042a	0.257±0.034a	-	0.638	<0.001	0.937
	总生物量 TB （g·plant^-1）	繁殖分配RA	0.225±0.011a	0.206±0.010a	-	0.178	0.194	0.832
条叶垂头菊 C. lineare	株高 Height （m）	花生物量Flower （g·plant^-1）	0.066±0.011a	0.065±0.020a	-	0.551	0.521	0.969
	株高 Height （m）	繁殖分配RA	0.082±0.017a	0.076±0.030a	-	0.422	0.540	0.865
	总生物量 TB （g·plant^-1）	花生物量Flower （g·plant^-1）	0.137±0.011a	0.114±0.024a	-	0.867	0.050	-
	总生物量 TB （g·plant^-1）	繁殖分配RA	0.116±0.010a	0.096±0.022a	-	0.836	0.050	-
高山韭 A. sikkimense	株高 Height （m）	花生物量Flower （g·plant^-1）	-	0.025±0.005a	0.032±0.004a	0.623	0.458	0.714
	株高 Height （m）	繁殖分配RA	-	0.252±0.024a	0.227±0.017a	0.899	0.053	0.943
	总生物量 TB （g·plant^-1）	花生物量Flower （g·plant^-1）	-	0.035±0.002a	0.030±0.001a	0.313	<0.001	0.931
	总生物量 TB （g·plant^-1）	繁殖分配RA	-	0.262±0.014a	0.228±0.009a	0.609	0.478	0.924
六叶龙胆 G. hexaphylla	株高 Height （m）	花生物量Flower （g·plant^-1）	-	0.081±0.020a	0.117±0.016a	0.621	0.266	-
	株高 Height （m）	繁殖分配RA	-	0.209±0.022a	0.252±0.018a	0.480	0.805	-
	总生物量 TB （g·plant^-1）	花生物量Flower （g·plant^-1）	-	0.086±0.006a	0.097±0.005a	0.171	<0.001	0.925
	总生物量 TB （g·plant^-1）	繁殖分配RA	-	0.211±0.013a	0.223±0.011a	0.515	0.047	0.925

物种 Species	协变量 Covariate	繁殖分配 Reproductive distribution	雪被厚度Snow cover thickness			雪被效应P_T	植株大小效应P_H/P_B	随机效应 P_site
物种 Species	协变量 Covariate	繁殖分配 Reproductive distribution	浅雪SS	中雪MS	深雪DS	雪被效应P_T	植株大小效应P_H/P_B	随机效应 P_site
线叶龙胆 G. farreri	株高 Height （m）	花生物量Flower （g·plant^-1）	0.185±0.046a	0.247±0.037a	-	0.687	0.368	0.911
	株高 Height （m）	繁殖分配RA	0.233±0.022a	0.212±0.018a	-	0.665	0.531	0.956
	总生物量 TB （g·plant^-1）	花生物量Flower （g·plant^-1）	0.200±0.042a	0.257±0.034a	-	0.638	<0.001	0.937
	总生物量 TB （g·plant^-1）	繁殖分配RA	0.225±0.011a	0.206±0.010a	-	0.178	0.194	0.832
条叶垂头菊 C. lineare	株高 Height （m）	花生物量Flower （g·plant^-1）	0.066±0.011a	0.065±0.020a	-	0.551	0.521	0.969
	株高 Height （m）	繁殖分配RA	0.082±0.017a	0.076±0.030a	-	0.422	0.540	0.865
	总生物量 TB （g·plant^-1）	花生物量Flower （g·plant^-1）	0.137±0.011a	0.114±0.024a	-	0.867	0.050	-
	总生物量 TB （g·plant^-1）	繁殖分配RA	0.116±0.010a	0.096±0.022a	-	0.836	0.050	-
高山韭 A. sikkimense	株高 Height （m）	花生物量Flower （g·plant^-1）	-	0.025±0.005a	0.032±0.004a	0.623	0.458	0.714
	株高 Height （m）	繁殖分配RA	-	0.252±0.024a	0.227±0.017a	0.899	0.053	0.943
	总生物量 TB （g·plant^-1）	花生物量Flower （g·plant^-1）	-	0.035±0.002a	0.030±0.001a	0.313	<0.001	0.931
	总生物量 TB （g·plant^-1）	繁殖分配RA	-	0.262±0.014a	0.228±0.009a	0.609	0.478	0.924
六叶龙胆 G. hexaphylla	株高 Height （m）	花生物量Flower （g·plant^-1）	-	0.081±0.020a	0.117±0.016a	0.621	0.266	-
	株高 Height （m）	繁殖分配RA	-	0.209±0.022a	0.252±0.018a	0.480	0.805	-
	总生物量 TB （g·plant^-1）	花生物量Flower （g·plant^-1）	-	0.086±0.006a	0.097±0.005a	0.171	<0.001	0.925
	总生物量 TB （g·plant^-1）	繁殖分配RA	-	0.211±0.013a	0.223±0.011a	0.515	0.047	0.925

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