Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 165-173.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020372
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Zhan XIE1(), Lin MU1, Zhi-fei ZHANG1(), Gui-hua CHEN1, Yang LIU2, Shuai GAO2, Zhong-shan WEI2
Received:
2020-08-03
Revised:
2020-10-10
Online:
2021-05-20
Published:
2021-04-16
Contact:
Zhi-fei ZHANG
Zhan XIE, Lin MU, Zhi-fei ZHANG, Gui-hua CHEN, Yang LIU, Shuai GAO, Zhong-shan WEI. Effects on fermentation in alfalfa mixed silage of added lactic acid bacteria or organic acid salt combined with urea[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(5): 165-173.
青贮材料 Ensilage materials | 干物质 Dry matter (%FW) | 粗蛋白质 Crude protein (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%DM) | 可溶性碳水化合物 Water soluble carbohydrate (%DM) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
紫花苜蓿Alfalfa | 26.64±0.45 | 22.00±0.35 | 28.46±0.23 | 42.92±0.18 | 4.12±0.05 |
水稻秸秆Rice straw | 89.30±0.00 | 4.13±0.15 | 39.84±0.75 | 70.98±0.23 | 1.64±0.08 |
麦麸Wheat bran | 89.70±0.10 | 15.68±0.05 | 18.88±0.57 | 39.08±9.17 | 4.99±0.04 |
Table 1 Chemical composition of ensilage materials
青贮材料 Ensilage materials | 干物质 Dry matter (%FW) | 粗蛋白质 Crude protein (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%DM) | 可溶性碳水化合物 Water soluble carbohydrate (%DM) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
紫花苜蓿Alfalfa | 26.64±0.45 | 22.00±0.35 | 28.46±0.23 | 42.92±0.18 | 4.12±0.05 |
水稻秸秆Rice straw | 89.30±0.00 | 4.13±0.15 | 39.84±0.75 | 70.98±0.23 | 1.64±0.08 |
麦麸Wheat bran | 89.70±0.10 | 15.68±0.05 | 18.88±0.57 | 39.08±9.17 | 4.99±0.04 |
项目 Item | 指标 Index | 菌酸添加剂 Microbial acid additive | 尿素添加量Urea addition | 交互作用 Interaction |
---|---|---|---|---|
发酵品质Fermentation quality | pH值 pH value | * | NS | ** |
乳酸 Lactic acid | NS | NS | NS | |
乙酸 Acetic acid | ** | ** | * | |
丙酸 Propionic acid | NS | NS | ** | |
丁酸 Butyric acid | NS | NS | ** | |
氨态氮/总氮NH3-N/TN | * | ** | NS | |
营养成分Nutrient quality | 干物质Dry matter | NS | * | NS |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein | NS | NS | ** | |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | NS | NS | ** | |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber | NS | NS | ** | |
可溶性碳水化合物 Water soluble carbohydrate | NS | NS | NS | |
相对饲料价值 Relative feed value | NS | NS | ** |
Table 2 Effects of additive types and different urea addition on alfalfa mixed silage
项目 Item | 指标 Index | 菌酸添加剂 Microbial acid additive | 尿素添加量Urea addition | 交互作用 Interaction |
---|---|---|---|---|
发酵品质Fermentation quality | pH值 pH value | * | NS | ** |
乳酸 Lactic acid | NS | NS | NS | |
乙酸 Acetic acid | ** | ** | * | |
丙酸 Propionic acid | NS | NS | ** | |
丁酸 Butyric acid | NS | NS | ** | |
氨态氮/总氮NH3-N/TN | * | ** | NS | |
营养成分Nutrient quality | 干物质Dry matter | NS | * | NS |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein | NS | NS | ** | |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | NS | NS | ** | |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber | NS | NS | ** | |
可溶性碳水化合物 Water soluble carbohydrate | NS | NS | NS | |
相对饲料价值 Relative feed value | NS | NS | ** |
项目 Item | 指标Index | LA | AS |
---|---|---|---|
发酵品质Fermentation quality | pH值 pH value | 4.44±0.22b | 4.75±0.25a |
乳酸 Lactic acid (%DM) | 6.50±0.71a | 5.53±1.11a | |
乙酸 Acetic acid (%DM) | 0.96±0.08b | 1.16±0.33a | |
丙酸 Propionic acid (%DM) | 0.04±0.01b | 0.08±0.08a | |
丁酸 Butyric acid (%DM) | 0.01±0.02b | 0.08±0.08a | |
氨态氮/总氮NH3-N/TN (%) | 8.91±3.60b | 10.06±3.12a | |
营养成分Nutrient quality | 干物质Dry matter (%FW) | 39.00±1.88a | 38.87±1.65a |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (%DM) | 17.03±0.57a | 16.79±0.66b | |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (%DM) | 37.58±1.55b | 41.35±2.66a | |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%DM) | 21.46±1.79b | 22.23±1.53a | |
可溶性碳水化合物 Water soluble carbohydrate (%DM) | 0.88±0.16b | 1.05±0.11a | |
相对饲料价值 Relative feed value | 179.06±10.02a | 161.81±13.03b |
Table 3 Effects of different additives on fermentation quality and nutrient quality of the alfalfa mixed silage
项目 Item | 指标Index | LA | AS |
---|---|---|---|
发酵品质Fermentation quality | pH值 pH value | 4.44±0.22b | 4.75±0.25a |
乳酸 Lactic acid (%DM) | 6.50±0.71a | 5.53±1.11a | |
乙酸 Acetic acid (%DM) | 0.96±0.08b | 1.16±0.33a | |
丙酸 Propionic acid (%DM) | 0.04±0.01b | 0.08±0.08a | |
丁酸 Butyric acid (%DM) | 0.01±0.02b | 0.08±0.08a | |
氨态氮/总氮NH3-N/TN (%) | 8.91±3.60b | 10.06±3.12a | |
营养成分Nutrient quality | 干物质Dry matter (%FW) | 39.00±1.88a | 38.87±1.65a |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (%DM) | 17.03±0.57a | 16.79±0.66b | |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (%DM) | 37.58±1.55b | 41.35±2.66a | |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%DM) | 21.46±1.79b | 22.23±1.53a | |
可溶性碳水化合物 Water soluble carbohydrate (%DM) | 0.88±0.16b | 1.05±0.11a | |
相对饲料价值 Relative feed value | 179.06±10.02a | 161.81±13.03b |
项目 Item | 指标Index | U0 | U1 | U2 | U3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
发酵品质 Fermentation quality | pH值 pH value | 4.44±0.15c | 4.38±0.12d | 4.67±0.32b | 4.90±0.13a |
乳酸 Lactic acid (%DM) | 6.34±0.85a | 6.34±0.38a | 5.94±1.03a | 5.45±1.64a | |
乙酸 Acetic acid (%DM) | 0.95±0.09b | 0.93±0.03b | 1.01±0.02b | 1.37±0.38a | |
丙酸 Propionic acid (%DM) | 0.03±0.00b | 0.03±0.00b | 0.04±0.01b | 0.12±0.10a | |
丁酸 Butyric acid (%DM) | 0.02±0.02c | 0.00±0.00d | 0.03±0.03b | 0.12±0.10a | |
氨态氮/总氮NH3-N/TN (%) | 6.93±1.04c | 7.25±1.12c | 9.05±1.19b | 14.72±0.96a | |
营养成分 Nutrient quality | 干物质Dry matter (%FW) | 38.97±1.11b | 41.27±0.65a | 38.12±1.09bc | 37.38±0.84c |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (%DM) | 16.17±0.09d | 16.76±0.30c | 17.52±0.32a | 17.19±0.55b | |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (%DM) | 41.65±2.78a | 37.40±1.78c | 38.70±1.03c | 40.11±3.73b | |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%DM) | 23.47±0.65a | 21.10±0.60b | 21.46±0.81b | 21.33±2.67b | |
可溶性碳水化合物 Water soluble carbohydrate (%DM) | 0.93±0.15a | 1.06±0.12ab | 0.98±0.22ab | 0.90±0.09b | |
相对饲料价值 Relative feed value | 158.32±10.83c | 180.56±8.45a | 173.62±5.05b | 169.24±20.61b |
Table 4 Effects of different urea dosage on fermentation quality and nutrient quality of the alfalfa mixed silage
项目 Item | 指标Index | U0 | U1 | U2 | U3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
发酵品质 Fermentation quality | pH值 pH value | 4.44±0.15c | 4.38±0.12d | 4.67±0.32b | 4.90±0.13a |
乳酸 Lactic acid (%DM) | 6.34±0.85a | 6.34±0.38a | 5.94±1.03a | 5.45±1.64a | |
乙酸 Acetic acid (%DM) | 0.95±0.09b | 0.93±0.03b | 1.01±0.02b | 1.37±0.38a | |
丙酸 Propionic acid (%DM) | 0.03±0.00b | 0.03±0.00b | 0.04±0.01b | 0.12±0.10a | |
丁酸 Butyric acid (%DM) | 0.02±0.02c | 0.00±0.00d | 0.03±0.03b | 0.12±0.10a | |
氨态氮/总氮NH3-N/TN (%) | 6.93±1.04c | 7.25±1.12c | 9.05±1.19b | 14.72±0.96a | |
营养成分 Nutrient quality | 干物质Dry matter (%FW) | 38.97±1.11b | 41.27±0.65a | 38.12±1.09bc | 37.38±0.84c |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (%DM) | 16.17±0.09d | 16.76±0.30c | 17.52±0.32a | 17.19±0.55b | |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (%DM) | 41.65±2.78a | 37.40±1.78c | 38.70±1.03c | 40.11±3.73b | |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%DM) | 23.47±0.65a | 21.10±0.60b | 21.46±0.81b | 21.33±2.67b | |
可溶性碳水化合物 Water soluble carbohydrate (%DM) | 0.93±0.15a | 1.06±0.12ab | 0.98±0.22ab | 0.90±0.09b | |
相对饲料价值 Relative feed value | 158.32±10.83c | 180.56±8.45a | 173.62±5.05b | 169.24±20.61b |
菌酸添加剂 Bacteroic acid additive | 尿素添加量 Urea addition | 干物质 Dry matter (%FW) | pH值 pH value | 氨态氮/总氮 NH3-N/TN (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
LA | U0 | 38.60±1.10b | 4.31±0.00c | 6.10±0.77c |
U1 | 41.77±0.50a | 4.27±0.00d | 6.49±0.36c | |
U2 | 38.27±0.50b | 4.40±0.01b | 8.55±1.48b | |
U3 | 37.37±1.10b | 4.79±0.00a | 14.51±0.79a | |
AS | U0 | 39.33±1.21ab | 4.57±0.01c | 7.77±0.21c |
U1 | 40.77±0.25a | 4.48±0.01d | 8.02±1.12bc | |
U2 | 37.97±1.63b | 4.95±0.01b | 9.55±0.78b | |
U3 | 37.40±0.76b | 5.01±0.00a | 14.93±1.24a |
Table 5 Effects of additives and urea on fermentation quality of the alfalfa mixed silage
菌酸添加剂 Bacteroic acid additive | 尿素添加量 Urea addition | 干物质 Dry matter (%FW) | pH值 pH value | 氨态氮/总氮 NH3-N/TN (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
LA | U0 | 38.60±1.10b | 4.31±0.00c | 6.10±0.77c |
U1 | 41.77±0.50a | 4.27±0.00d | 6.49±0.36c | |
U2 | 38.27±0.50b | 4.40±0.01b | 8.55±1.48b | |
U3 | 37.37±1.10b | 4.79±0.00a | 14.51±0.79a | |
AS | U0 | 39.33±1.21ab | 4.57±0.01c | 7.77±0.21c |
U1 | 40.77±0.25a | 4.48±0.01d | 8.02±1.12bc | |
U2 | 37.97±1.63b | 4.95±0.01b | 9.55±0.78b | |
U3 | 37.40±0.76b | 5.01±0.00a | 14.93±1.24a |
菌酸添加剂 Bacteroic acid additive | 尿素添加量Urea addition | 乳酸 Lactic acid (%DM) | 乙酸 Acetic acid (%DM) | 丙酸 Propionic acid (%DM) | 丁酸 Butyric acid (%DM) | V-score值 V-score value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LA | U0 | 6.48±0.02a | 0.90±0.00a | 0.03±0.01a | ND | 96.45 |
U1 | 6.19±0.58a | 0.91±0.02a | 0.03±0.00a | ND | 95.45 | |
U2 | 6.75±0.49a | 1.00±0.00a | 0.05±0.02a | ND | 91.25 | |
U3 | 6.60±1.63a | 1.05±0.12a | 0.03±0.01a | 0.04±0.01a | 69.29 | |
AS | U0 | 6.20±1.45a | 1.00±0.12b | 0.03±0.00bc | 0.04±0.01c | 91.74 |
U1 | 6.48±0.10a | 0.95±0.02b | 0.03±0.00c | ND | 92.29 | |
U2 | 5.13±0.60a | 1.02±0.02b | 0.04±0.00b | 0.06±0.00b | 87.67 | |
U3 | 4.30±0.40a | 1.69±0.02a | 0.21±0.00a | 0.21±0.00a | 60.19 |
Table 6 Effects of additives and urea on organic acid of the alfalfa mixed silage
菌酸添加剂 Bacteroic acid additive | 尿素添加量Urea addition | 乳酸 Lactic acid (%DM) | 乙酸 Acetic acid (%DM) | 丙酸 Propionic acid (%DM) | 丁酸 Butyric acid (%DM) | V-score值 V-score value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LA | U0 | 6.48±0.02a | 0.90±0.00a | 0.03±0.01a | ND | 96.45 |
U1 | 6.19±0.58a | 0.91±0.02a | 0.03±0.00a | ND | 95.45 | |
U2 | 6.75±0.49a | 1.00±0.00a | 0.05±0.02a | ND | 91.25 | |
U3 | 6.60±1.63a | 1.05±0.12a | 0.03±0.01a | 0.04±0.01a | 69.29 | |
AS | U0 | 6.20±1.45a | 1.00±0.12b | 0.03±0.00bc | 0.04±0.01c | 91.74 |
U1 | 6.48±0.10a | 0.95±0.02b | 0.03±0.00c | ND | 92.29 | |
U2 | 5.13±0.60a | 1.02±0.02b | 0.04±0.00b | 0.06±0.00b | 87.67 | |
U3 | 4.30±0.40a | 1.69±0.02a | 0.21±0.00a | 0.21±0.00a | 60.19 |
菌酸添加剂Bacteroic acid additive | 尿素添加量Urea addition | 可溶性碳水化合物 Water soluble carbohydrate (%DM) | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%DM) | 相对饲料价值 Relative feed value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LA | U0 | 0.86±0.21a | 16.20±0.10d | 23.54±0.58a | 39.41±1.03a | 166.64±5.38b |
U1 | 1.02±0.13a | 17.03±0.01c | 21.35±0.23b | 35.94±0.28c | 187.06±1.79a | |
U2 | 0.79±0.12a | 17.25±0.01b | 22.02±0.58b | 38.18±0.81ab | 174.87±4.80b | |
U3 | 0.87±0.13a | 17.66±0.02a | 18.91±0.41c | 36.78±0.96bc | 187.68±5.62a | |
AS | U0 | 1.00±0.03bc | 16.14±0.09d | 23.40±0.85a | 43.89±1.80a | 150.01±7.52b |
U1 | 1.10±0.12ab | 16.50±0.04c | 20.86±0.81b | 38.86±1.19b | 174.06±6.95a | |
U2 | 1.17±0.02a | 17.79±0.05a | 20.90±0.60b | 39.21±1.10b | 172.38±6.00a | |
U3 | 0.93±0.06c | 16.71±0.06b | 23.74±0.28a | 43.44±0.78a | 150.80±3.12b |
Table 7 Effects of additives and urea on nutritional quality of the alfalfa mixed silage
菌酸添加剂Bacteroic acid additive | 尿素添加量Urea addition | 可溶性碳水化合物 Water soluble carbohydrate (%DM) | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%DM) | 相对饲料价值 Relative feed value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LA | U0 | 0.86±0.21a | 16.20±0.10d | 23.54±0.58a | 39.41±1.03a | 166.64±5.38b |
U1 | 1.02±0.13a | 17.03±0.01c | 21.35±0.23b | 35.94±0.28c | 187.06±1.79a | |
U2 | 0.79±0.12a | 17.25±0.01b | 22.02±0.58b | 38.18±0.81ab | 174.87±4.80b | |
U3 | 0.87±0.13a | 17.66±0.02a | 18.91±0.41c | 36.78±0.96bc | 187.68±5.62a | |
AS | U0 | 1.00±0.03bc | 16.14±0.09d | 23.40±0.85a | 43.89±1.80a | 150.01±7.52b |
U1 | 1.10±0.12ab | 16.50±0.04c | 20.86±0.81b | 38.86±1.19b | 174.06±6.95a | |
U2 | 1.17±0.02a | 17.79±0.05a | 20.90±0.60b | 39.21±1.10b | 172.38±6.00a | |
U3 | 0.93±0.06c | 16.71±0.06b | 23.74±0.28a | 43.44±0.78a | 150.80±3.12b |
处理 Treatment | pH值pH value | 排序RpH | 乳酸 Lactic acid(%DM) | 排序RLA | V-score值V-score value | 排序RV-score | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (%DM) | 排序RCP | 相对饲料价值Relative feed value | 排序RRFV | RSR值RSR value | 排序RRSR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LAU0 | 4.31 | 7 | 6.48 | 5 | 96.45 | 8 | 16.20 | 2 | 166.64 | 3 | 0.625 | 4 |
LAU1 | 4.27 | 8 | 6.19 | 3 | 95.45 | 7 | 17.03 | 5 | 187.06 | 7 | 0.750 | 1 |
LAU2 | 4.40 | 6 | 6.75 | 8 | 91.25 | 4 | 17.25 | 6 | 174.87 | 6 | 0.750 | 2 |
LAU3 | 4.79 | 3 | 6.60 | 7 | 69.29 | 2 | 17.66 | 7 | 187.68 | 8 | 0.675 | 3 |
ASU0 | 4.57 | 4 | 6.20 | 4 | 91.74 | 5 | 16.14 | 1 | 150.01 | 1 | 0.375 | 7 |
ASU1 | 4.48 | 5 | 6.48 | 6 | 92.29 | 6 | 16.50 | 3 | 174.06 | 5 | 0.625 | 5 |
ASU2 | 4.95 | 2 | 5.13 | 2 | 87.67 | 3 | 17.79 | 8 | 172.38 | 4 | 0.475 | 6 |
ASU3 | 5.01 | 1 | 4.30 | 1 | 60.19 | 1 | 16.71 | 4 | 150.80 | 2 | 0.225 | 8 |
Table 8 The index values of mixed silage and RSR sequence
处理 Treatment | pH值pH value | 排序RpH | 乳酸 Lactic acid(%DM) | 排序RLA | V-score值V-score value | 排序RV-score | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (%DM) | 排序RCP | 相对饲料价值Relative feed value | 排序RRFV | RSR值RSR value | 排序RRSR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LAU0 | 4.31 | 7 | 6.48 | 5 | 96.45 | 8 | 16.20 | 2 | 166.64 | 3 | 0.625 | 4 |
LAU1 | 4.27 | 8 | 6.19 | 3 | 95.45 | 7 | 17.03 | 5 | 187.06 | 7 | 0.750 | 1 |
LAU2 | 4.40 | 6 | 6.75 | 8 | 91.25 | 4 | 17.25 | 6 | 174.87 | 6 | 0.750 | 2 |
LAU3 | 4.79 | 3 | 6.60 | 7 | 69.29 | 2 | 17.66 | 7 | 187.68 | 8 | 0.675 | 3 |
ASU0 | 4.57 | 4 | 6.20 | 4 | 91.74 | 5 | 16.14 | 1 | 150.01 | 1 | 0.375 | 7 |
ASU1 | 4.48 | 5 | 6.48 | 6 | 92.29 | 6 | 16.50 | 3 | 174.06 | 5 | 0.625 | 5 |
ASU2 | 4.95 | 2 | 5.13 | 2 | 87.67 | 3 | 17.79 | 8 | 172.38 | 4 | 0.475 | 6 |
ASU3 | 5.01 | 1 | 4.30 | 1 | 60.19 | 1 | 16.71 | 4 | 150.80 | 2 | 0.225 | 8 |
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