Effect of lactic acid bacteria and storage temperature on the quality of Moringa oleifera leaf silage

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020152

Abstract

Abstract:

Four lactic acid bacterial strains， isolated and selected from Moringa oleifera leaf （MOL） silage， were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum （LP）， Lactobacillus farciminis （LF）， Weissella thailandensis （W）， and Lactococcus lactis （E）， respectively. Fermentation quality， nutrient contents and tannin contents of MOL ensiled without or with the four strains at 15 and 30 ℃ external temperature were investigated in the present study. A completely randomized two-factor （lactic acid bacterium×temperature） design was employed. After 60 days the silages were opened to determine and analysis. It was found that the contents of crude protein and water-soluble carbohydrates were 25.31% and 7.53%， respectively， on a dry matter basis. Adding lactic acid bacteria decreased pH， lactic acid bacteria number and ammonium nitrogen content （P<0.05）， while increasing the lactic acid and acetic acid contents （P<0.05）. Silage fermented at 15 ℃ showed higher lactic acid bacteria number and true protein content than when fermented at 30 ℃ （P<0.05）. Furthermore， silage fermented at 15 ℃ external temperature had lower contents of non-protein nitrogen， ammonium nitrogen and free amino acid than silage fermented at 30 ℃ external temperature （P<0.05）. Tannin contents in each treatment group decreased after ensiling without significant difference between treatments （P>0.05）. In conclusion， MOL contain high protein content and they are easy to ensile. Lactic acid bacteria inoculants and a relatively low fermentation temperature are effective to improve the quality of MOL silage.

Key words: Moringa oleifera leaves silage, lactic acid bacteria, store temperature, tannin

Hong-jian LV, Xiang GUO, De-kui CHEN, Xiao-yang CHEN, Qing ZHANG. Effect of lactic acid bacteria and storage temperature on the quality of Moringa oleifera leaf silage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(3): 121-128.

Figures/Tables 4

References 35

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项目 Items	含量 Content
干物质 Dry matter (DM, %)	21.59
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP, %DM)	25.31
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %DM)	24.91
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %DM)	16.66
可溶性碳水化合物 Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC, %DM)	7.53
乳酸菌 Lactic acid bacteria (LAB, log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	4.45
大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria (log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	5.99
酵母菌 Yeast (log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	<2.00
霉菌 Molds (log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	2.80
水解单宁 Hydrolysable tannin (HT, %DM)	1.62
缩合单宁 Condensed tannin (CT, %DM)	2.48

项目 Items	含量 Content
干物质 Dry matter (DM, %)	21.59
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP, %DM)	25.31
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %DM)	24.91
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %DM)	16.66
可溶性碳水化合物 Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC, %DM)	7.53
乳酸菌 Lactic acid bacteria (LAB, log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	4.45
大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria (log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	5.99
酵母菌 Yeast (log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	<2.00
霉菌 Molds (log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	2.80
水解单宁 Hydrolysable tannin (HT, %DM)	1.62
缩合单宁 Condensed tannin (CT, %DM)	2.48

项目 Items	温度 Temperature	乳酸菌添加剂处理 Inoculants					Means	SEM	显著性差异Significance
项目 Items	温度 Temperature	CK	LP	LF	W	E	Means	SEM	T	I	T×I
干物质Dry Matter (DM, %)	T₁	21.21b	21.15b	21.21Bb	21.68Ba	21.68Ba	21.39B	0.079	**	NS	NS
干物质Dry Matter (DM, %)	T₂	22.43	22.63	21.97A	22.28A	22.50A	22.36A	0.173	**	NS	NS
pH	T₁	4.03a	3.91b	3.86c	3.86c	3.87c	3.91	0.017	NS	**	*
pH	T₂	4.03a	3.85b	3.89b	3.85b	3.88b	3.90	0.018	NS	**	*
乳酸 Lactic acid (LA, %DM)	T₁	2.29Bb	3.57Ba	3.70a	4.46a	4.37Ba	3.68B	0.234	**	**	*
乳酸 Lactic acid (LA, %DM)	T₂	3.80Acd	4.19Abc	3.18d	5.38a	4.81Aab	4.27A	0.219	**	**	*
乙酸 Acetic acid (AA, %DM)	T₁	0.82Bc	0.97b	0.97b	1.04Bb	1.15a	0.99B	0.031	**	**	*
乙酸 Acetic acid (AA, %DM)	T₂	1.01Abc	1.06b	0.98c	1.17Aa	1.15a	1.07A	0.021	**	**	*
乳酸菌 Lactic acid bacteria (LAB, log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	T₁	8.27Aa	8.07Aa	8.24Aa	6.98Ab	6.96Ab	7.70A	0.170	**	**	NS
乳酸菌 Lactic acid bacteria (LAB, log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	T₂	5.00Ba	4.76Ba	<4.00Bb	<4.00Bb	<4.00Bb	4.88B	0.223	**	**	NS
酵母菌 Yeast (log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	T₁	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	4.01	<2.00	-	-	-	-	-
酵母菌 Yeast (log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	T₂	<2.00	4.36	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	-	-	-	-	-
大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria (log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	T₁	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	-	-	-	-	-
大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria (log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	T₂	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	-	-	-	-	-
霉菌 Molds (log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	T₁	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	-	-	-	-	-
霉菌 Molds (log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	T₂	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	-	-	-	-	-

项目 Items	温度 Temperature	乳酸菌添加剂处理 Inoculants					Means	SEM	显著性差异Significance
项目 Items	温度 Temperature	CK	LP	LF	W	E	Means	SEM	T	I	T×I
干物质Dry Matter (DM, %)	T₁	21.21b	21.15b	21.21Bb	21.68Ba	21.68Ba	21.39B	0.079	**	NS	NS
干物质Dry Matter (DM, %)	T₂	22.43	22.63	21.97A	22.28A	22.50A	22.36A	0.173	**	NS	NS
pH	T₁	4.03a	3.91b	3.86c	3.86c	3.87c	3.91	0.017	NS	**	*
pH	T₂	4.03a	3.85b	3.89b	3.85b	3.88b	3.90	0.018	NS	**	*
乳酸 Lactic acid (LA, %DM)	T₁	2.29Bb	3.57Ba	3.70a	4.46a	4.37Ba	3.68B	0.234	**	**	*
乳酸 Lactic acid (LA, %DM)	T₂	3.80Acd	4.19Abc	3.18d	5.38a	4.81Aab	4.27A	0.219	**	**	*
乙酸 Acetic acid (AA, %DM)	T₁	0.82Bc	0.97b	0.97b	1.04Bb	1.15a	0.99B	0.031	**	**	*
乙酸 Acetic acid (AA, %DM)	T₂	1.01Abc	1.06b	0.98c	1.17Aa	1.15a	1.07A	0.021	**	**	*
乳酸菌 Lactic acid bacteria (LAB, log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	T₁	8.27Aa	8.07Aa	8.24Aa	6.98Ab	6.96Ab	7.70A	0.170	**	**	NS
乳酸菌 Lactic acid bacteria (LAB, log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	T₂	5.00Ba	4.76Ba	<4.00Bb	<4.00Bb	<4.00Bb	4.88B	0.223	**	**	NS
酵母菌 Yeast (log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	T₁	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	4.01	<2.00	-	-	-	-	-
酵母菌 Yeast (log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	T₂	<2.00	4.36	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	-	-	-	-	-
大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria (log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	T₁	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	-	-	-	-	-
大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria (log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	T₂	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	-	-	-	-	-
霉菌 Molds (log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	T₁	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	-	-	-	-	-
霉菌 Molds (log₁₀ cfu·g^-1 FM)	T₂	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	<2.00	-	-	-	-	-

项目 Items	温度 Temperature	乳酸菌添加剂处理 Inoculants					Means	SEM	显著性差异Significance
项目 Items	温度 Temperature	CK	LP	LF	W	E	Means	SEM	T	I	T×I
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %DM)	T₁	25.65	29.65	27.75	27.10	29.19	27.87	0.549	NS	NS	NS
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %DM)	T₂	28.51	26.98	27.67	28.19	28.35	27.94	1.278	NS	NS	NS
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %DM)	T₁	15.88	18.93	18.05	16.91	18.87	17.73	0.417	NS	NS	NS
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %DM)	T₂	18.02	16.65	18.05	18.31	19.18	17.96	0.341	NS	NS	NS
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP, %DM)	T₁	24.74a	23.22bc	22.89c	24.50a	24.24ab	23.91	0.241	NS	**	**
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP, %DM)	T₂	24.60ab	24.91a	23.72c	23.84bc	22.85d	23.98	0.216	NS	**	**
真蛋白质 True protein (TP, %DM)	T₁	13.55	12.63	12.88A	12.54A	11.62	12.64A	0.248	**	NS	NS
真蛋白质 True protein (TP, %DM)	T₂	10.30	10.62	9.41B	10.50B	10.40	10.24B	0.329	**	NS	NS
非蛋白氮 Non-protein nitrogen (NPN, %DM)	T₁	11.20B	10.58B	10.01B	11.96	12.61	11.27B	0.355	**	NS	*
非蛋白氮 Non-protein nitrogen (NPN, %DM)	T₂	14.30A	14.29A	14.32A	13.34	12.45	13.74A	0.333	**	NS	*
氨态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (NH₃-N, g·kg^-1)	T₁	0.39Ba	0.22Bc	0.35Bab	0.30b	0.29Bb	0.31B	0.002	**	**	**
氨态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (NH₃-N, g·kg^-1)	T₂	1.31Aa	0.43Ac	0.66Ab	0.49bc	0.66Ab	0.71A	0.009	**	**	**
游离氨基酸 Free amino acid (FAA, %DM)	T₁	0.29Bc	0.47Bbc	0.61ab	0.70a	0.62ab	0.62B	0.046	**	NS	**
游离氨基酸 Free amino acid (FAA, %DM)	T₂	0.99A	0.80A	0.76	0.73	0.77	0.77A	0.041	**	NS	**