Characteristics of plant diversity and aboveground productivity and their relationship driven by subshrub expansion

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022367

Abstract

Abstract:

Shrub/subshrub expansion can significantly change the original vegetation landscape and its ecological processes. However， there is still a lack of systematic research on the characteristics of grassland plant diversity， aboveground productivity， and their relationship driven by subshrub expansion. In this study， the typical grassland of Yunwu Mountain in Ningxia on the Loess Plateau was selected as the study site. Grasslands with subshrub expansion at three levels of intensity （light， moderate， and heavy） were selected， and natural grassland without subshrub expansion served as the control. We analyzed species diversity， community level plant functional traits， functional diversity， and aboveground productivity and their intrinsic relationships. The results showed that： 1） The composition and structure of the grassland community changed significantly under the driver of subshrub expansion. The subshrub species Artemisia sacrorum replaced the original herb as the new dominant grassland species， which resulted in a significant decrease in species diversity. 2） Compared with the control， sites with subshrub expansion showed significantly decreased community-level leaf dry matter content， but increased community-level specific leaf area， and leaf carbon， nitrogen， and phosphorus contents. There was no significant difference in functional richness， while functional dispersion and functional evenness had significant differences under different expansion intensities. 3） Subshrub expansion significantly increased the aboveground biomass and litter biomass of the community， which was manifested as a significant increase in the biomass of weeds and a significant decrease in the biomass of legumes. However， grass biomass increased significantly under severe subshrub expansion. 4） The aboveground productivity of the grassland community was negatively correlated with species diversity， community-level leaf dry matter content， and functional dispersion， while positively correlated with leaf carbon， leaf nitrogen and leaf phosphorus contents at community level. The results of a random forest model and ANOVA further showed that community-level functional traits explained 68.28% of the variation in aboveground productivity， and that the community-level leaf nitrogen content and leaf dry matter content were the most important explanatory factors. The species diversity index was able to explain 64.38% of variation， while the interpretability of the functional diversity index was 11.16%. Our results showed that， with increasing subshrub expansion， species shifted to a strategy of rapid growth and resource acquisition， and the degree of species niche differentiation increased. Compared with functional diversity， plant functional traits and species diversity explained higher proportions of variation in the above-ground productivity of the community. The results of this study provide a foundation for further studies on the regime shift theory of natural grasslands on the Loess Plateau. These findings will also be useful for designing adaptability and sustainable management strategies for grasslands under shrub/subshrub expansion.

Key words: subshrub expansion, aboveground productivity, species diversity, functional diversity, plant functional trait

Mei-hui LI, Yu-hua LI, Xin-hui YAN, Hang-hang TUO, Meng-ru YANG, Zi-lin WANG, Wei LI. Characteristics of plant diversity and aboveground productivity and their relationship driven by subshrub expansion[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(5): 27-39.

Figures/Tables 9

References 62

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样地Sites	纬度Latitude （N）	经度Longitude （E）	海拔Altitude （m）	坡度Slope （°）	白莲蒿重要值Important value of A. sacrorum
对照CK	36°17′06″	106°23′30″	2011.5	1.5	-
轻度LSE	36°15′41″	106°22′47″	2075.7	1.6	0.04 ±0.01c
中度MSE	36°15′06″	106°23′10″	2072.0	1.3	0.16 ±0.13b
重度HSE	36°16′15″	106°23′25″	2107.5	1.2	0.36 ±0.19a

样地Sites	纬度Latitude （N）	经度Longitude （E）	海拔Altitude （m）	坡度Slope （°）	白莲蒿重要值Important value of A. sacrorum
对照CK	36°17′06″	106°23′30″	2011.5	1.5	-
轻度LSE	36°15′41″	106°22′47″	2075.7	1.6	0.04 ±0.01c
中度MSE	36°15′06″	106°23′10″	2072.0	1.3	0.16 ±0.13b
重度HSE	36°16′15″	106°23′25″	2107.5	1.2	0.36 ±0.19a

物种Species	缩写Abbreviation	科Family	功能群Functional group
阿尔泰狗娃花H. altaicus	Hta	菊科Compositae	杂草Forb
百里香T. mongolicus	Tym	唇形科Labiatae	杂草Forb
白莲蒿A. sacrorum	Ats	菊科Compositae	杂草Forb
白颖苔草Carex duriuscula	Crd	莎草科Cyperaceae	禾类草Graminoid
本氏针茅S. bungeana	Sib	禾本科Gramineae	禾类草Graminoid
大针茅S. grandis	Sig	禾本科Gramineae	禾类草Graminoid
二裂委陵菜Potentilla bifurca	Ptb	蔷薇科Rosaceae	杂草Forb
甘菊Dendranthema lavandulifolium	Dnl	菊科Compositae	杂草Forb
火绒草Leontopodium leontopodioides	Lol	菊科Compositae	杂草Forb
赖草Leymus secalinus	Lys	禾本科Gramineae	禾类草Graminoid
裂叶堇菜Viola dissecta	Vod	堇菜科Violaceae	杂草Forb
青海苜蓿Medicago archiducis-nicolai	Mda	豆科Leguminosae	豆科Legume
翼茎风毛菊Saussurea alata	Sua	菊科Compositae	杂草Forb

物种Species	缩写Abbreviation	科Family	功能群Functional group
阿尔泰狗娃花H. altaicus	Hta	菊科Compositae	杂草Forb
百里香T. mongolicus	Tym	唇形科Labiatae	杂草Forb
白莲蒿A. sacrorum	Ats	菊科Compositae	杂草Forb
白颖苔草Carex duriuscula	Crd	莎草科Cyperaceae	禾类草Graminoid
本氏针茅S. bungeana	Sib	禾本科Gramineae	禾类草Graminoid
大针茅S. grandis	Sig	禾本科Gramineae	禾类草Graminoid
二裂委陵菜Potentilla bifurca	Ptb	蔷薇科Rosaceae	杂草Forb
甘菊Dendranthema lavandulifolium	Dnl	菊科Compositae	杂草Forb
火绒草Leontopodium leontopodioides	Lol	菊科Compositae	杂草Forb
赖草Leymus secalinus	Lys	禾本科Gramineae	禾类草Graminoid
裂叶堇菜Viola dissecta	Vod	堇菜科Violaceae	杂草Forb
青海苜蓿Medicago archiducis-nicolai	Mda	豆科Leguminosae	豆科Legume
翼茎风毛菊Saussurea alata	Sua	菊科Compositae	杂草Forb

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