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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 126-138.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025217

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Effects of varied row spacings and sowing rates on forage and seed yield and quality of Echinochloa frumentacea in saline-alkali land

Ling-fei XIANG1(), Feng-ju ZHANG2, Yue LI3, Xue-qin WANG4, Jin-long LIU5, Qiao-li MA1()   

  1. 1.College of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    2.College of Ecological Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    3.College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100191,China
    4.Ningxia Institute of Science and Technology Development Strategy and Information,Yinchuan 750021,China
    5.Ningxia Qianyeqing Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co. ,Ltd. ,Pingluo 753400,China
  • Received:2025-05-29 Revised:2025-07-21 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-03-11
  • Contact: Qiao-li MA

Abstract:

A scientifically based and rational planting density is a key measure to improve the production efficiency of Poaceae forage. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the optimal row spacing and seeding rate for Echinochloa frumentacea in saline-alkali land in Yinbei, Ningxia, and to determine the impacts of these factors on yield and quality. We conducted a field experiment with a split-plot experimental design with five row spacings (20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 cm; designated as H1-H5) and three sowing rates (7.50, 11.25, and 15.00 kg·ha-1; designated as D1-D3). The results show that row spacing exerted a highly significant influence on the fresh yield of E. frumentaceaP<0.01), with the highest yield of 36129.17 kg·ha-1 in the H1D2 treatment (row spacing 20 cm, sowing rate 11.25 kg·ha-1); and the highest seed yield of 1631.95 kg·ha-1 in the H5D1 treatment (row spacing 60 cm, sowing rate 7.50 kg·ha-1). In terms of seed quality, the best results (highest germination potential, germination index, and vigor index) were in the H3D1 treatment (row spacing 40 cm, sowing rate 7.50 kg·ha-1). Row spacing had an extremely significant effect on the spikelet number, spike weight, spike length, and germination potential of seeds (P<0.01), whereas the sowing rate had an extremely significant effect on actual seed yield, germination rate, and germination potential (P<0.01). The row spacing×sowing rate interaction was highly significant for both seed production and quality parameters (P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that row spacing was extremely significantly positively correlated with spike weight and total spike number (P<0.01), and extremely significantly negatively correlated with fresh forage yield (P<0.01). A Path analysis indicated that the total spike number made the largest direct contribution to seed yield. In a principal component analysis, the H5D1 treatment had the highest score. Therefore, to achieve high yields of forage and seeds of E. frumentacea in saline-alkali land, it is recommended to use narrow row spacing (20 cm) and a medium sowing rate (11.25 kg·ha-1) for forage production, and wide row spacing (60 cm) and a low sowing rate (7.50 kg·ha-1) for seed production. These findings provide scientific evidence for the precise management of forage cultivation in saline-alkali land.

Key words: Echinochloa frumentacea, row spacing, sowing rate, seed yield, seed quality, Path analysis