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草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 46-58.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020105

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄河源人工草地土壤微生物多样性对建植年限的响应

孙华方1(), 李希来1,2(), 金立群1, 李成一1, 张静1,2   

  1. 1.青海大学农牧学院,青海 西宁 810016
    2.青海 -广东自然资源监测与评价联合实验室,青海 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-08 修回日期:2020-05-07 出版日期:2021-02-20 发布日期:2021-01-19
  • 通讯作者: 李希来
  • 作者简介:E-mail: xilai-li@163.com
    孙华方(1991-),女,山东东明人,在读博士。 E-mail:1219493914@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501903);青海省科技厅项目(2018-ZJ-781);青海省“高端创新人才千人计划”,教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_17R62);高等学校学科创新引智计划资助项目(D18013)

Change over time in soil microbial diversity of artificial grassland in the Yellow River source zone

Hua-fang SUN1(), Xi-lai LI1,2(), Li-qun JIN1, Cheng-yi LI1, Jing ZHANG1,2   

  1. 1.College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
    2.Qinghai -Guangdong Joint Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring and Evaluation,Xining 810016,China
  • Received:2020-03-08 Revised:2020-05-07 Online:2021-02-20 Published:2021-01-19
  • Contact: Xi-lai LI

摘要:

本研究选择青海省玛沁县不同建植年限高寒人工草地(18,14,11,4和1年),通过调查人工草地表层(0~5 cm)土壤微生物分布特征,旨在探讨高寒地区人工草地不同建植年限对表层土壤微生物变化特征以及植被的影响。主要结果表明,随着人工草地建植年限的增长,表层(0~5 cm)土壤微生物OTUs数量逐渐增加,但原核微生物多样性指数(除Simpson指数外)均显著大于真核微生物(P<0.05)。各年限人工草地原核优势微生物种类相同,分别为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas);真核优势微生物种类也相同,分别为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和Knufia属,且各建植年限间优势微生物丰度有较大差异。分析人工草地植被特征与微生物关系发现:原核微生物OTUs数量与植被多样性关系密切(P<0.01),真核微生物OTUs数量与植被总盖度、生物土壤结皮(BSCs)盖度极显著相关(P<0.01);真核优势微生物丰度与部分植被特征如植被多样性指数等有较好的相关性(P<0.05)。因此,人工草地的恢复演替有利于促进微生物多样性的恢复,但人工草地土壤微生物多样性的恢复需要的时间会更长。

关键词: 土壤微生物, 人工草地, 生物土壤结皮, 植被特征, 黄河源区

Abstract:

This research investigated the characteristics of the soil surface (0-5 cm) microbial community and biological soil crusts (BSCs) in artificial alpine grasslands with a time series of establishment dates (1, 4, 11, 14 and 18 years established) in Maqin County, Qinghai Province. The associated vegetation characteristics were also investigated. It was found that the diversity of surface soil microorganisms increased gradually with the years established, and the diversity indexes (except Simpson’s index) of prokaryotic microorganisms were significantly greater than those of eukaryotic species (P<0.05). The dominant prokaryotic microorganisms of artificial grassland across the establishment time series were from the phylumProteobacteriaand the genus Gemmatimonas, while the dominant eukaryotic microorganisms were of the phylum Ascomycota and the genus Knufia. The relative abundances of these dominant species differed significantly with years of establishment years. Analysis of the relationship between vegetation characteristics and soil microbes revealed that the number of prokaryotic microbe OTUs (more than 97% of sequences were classified into an operational taxon) was closely related to the vegetation diversity indexes (P<0.01), and the number of the eukaryotic microorganism OTUs were significantly correlated with vegetation cover and BSCs cover (P<0.01). The relative abundance of dominant microbial species correlated well with vegetation diversity, especially of eukaryotic microorganisms (P<0.05). In summary, the data show conclusively that the restoration of artificial grassland vegetation is conducive to the promotion of microbial recovery. However, more time is needed for recovery and stabilization of the soil microbial community than for recovery of the aboveground vegetation.

Key words: soil microorganism, artificial grassland, biological soil crusts, vegetation characteristics, the Yellow River source zone