草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 144-156.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021479
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
李影正1(), 程榆林1, 徐璐璐1, 李万松1, 严旭2, 李晓锋1, 何如钰1, 周阳1, 郑军军1, 汪星宇1, 张德龙1, 程明军3, 夏运红4, 何建美1, 唐祈林1()
收稿日期:
2021-12-23
修回日期:
2022-03-03
出版日期:
2022-08-20
发布日期:
2022-07-01
通讯作者:
唐祈林
作者简介:
E-mail: tangqilin71@163.com基金资助:
Ying-zheng LI1(), Yu-lin CHENG1, Lu-lu XU1, Wan-song LI1, Xu YAN2, Xiao-feng LI1, Ru-yu HE1, Yang ZHOU1, Jun-jun ZHENG1, Xing-yu WANG1, De-long ZHANG1, Ming-jun CHENG3, Yun-hong XIA4, Jian-mei HE1, Qi-lin TANG1()
Received:
2021-12-23
Revised:
2022-03-03
Online:
2022-08-20
Published:
2022-07-01
Contact:
Qi-lin TANG
摘要:
为比较不同玉米品系的全株、果穗及秸秆青贮效能和利用特性,以3个粮饲通用玉米新品系和1个专用青贮玉米为材料,于3/4乳线期测定生物产量及相关农艺性状,制作全株、果穗及秸秆青贮,发酵60 d后测定营养成分和发酵品质。结果表明:4个品种(系)生育期变幅为120~123 d,MTP-080生育期最长且绿叶数及绿叶比最高,MTP-082生育期居中但全株和果穗鲜干产量均最高。全株青贮中雅玉青贮8号的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量最高,MTP-082粗蛋白、淀粉和可溶性碳水化合物含量均最高,MTP-082泌乳净能显著高于雅玉青贮8号和MTP-080。各品种(系)全株及果穗青贮pH为3.53~4.07,氨态氮/总氮小于10%,费氏评分均在110分以上,青贮发酵品质总体评价均为优级。果穗青贮总能、总可消化养分、消化能、代谢能、维持净能、增重净能及泌乳净能显著高于全株青贮和秸秆青贮。果穗青贮相对饲用价值为全株青贮的2.05倍、秸秆青贮的3.37倍。综上,粮饲通用型青贮玉米如MTP-082全株青贮产量高,持绿性适中,营养价值和发酵品质优,而且是制作果穗青贮的优质原料,因地制宜选择粮饲通用玉米发展果穗青贮将有利于种养殖业节本增效。
李影正, 程榆林, 徐璐璐, 李万松, 严旭, 李晓锋, 何如钰, 周阳, 郑军军, 汪星宇, 张德龙, 程明军, 夏运红, 何建美, 唐祈林. 不同玉米品种(系)的全株、果穗与秸秆青贮特性比较[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(8): 144-156.
Ying-zheng LI, Yu-lin CHENG, Lu-lu XU, Wan-song LI, Xu YAN, Xiao-feng LI, Ru-yu HE, Yang ZHOU, Jun-jun ZHENG, Xing-yu WANG, De-long ZHANG, Ming-jun CHENG, Yun-hong XIA, Jian-mei HE, Qi-lin TANG. A comparative study of silage quality characteristics of whole-plant, whole-ear and whole-straw silage of different maize varieties (lines)[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(8): 144-156.
项目Item | 雅玉青贮8号Yayu No.8 | MTP-044 | MTP-080 | MTP-082 |
---|---|---|---|---|
生育期Growing days (d) | 120 | 121 | 123 | 120 |
株高Plant height (cm) | 276.40±2.21b | 303.80±3.37a | 302.50±2.91a | 282.30±2.15b |
穗位高Ear height (cm) | 120.80±3.55a | 121.10±2.86a | 123.90±2.69a | 115.10±2.06a |
叶长Leaf length (cm) | 97.60±1.01a | 88.30±2.44b | 94.90±1.23a | 93.30±1.11a |
叶宽Leaf width (mm) | 11.77±0.25a | 9.93±0.21c | 10.25±0.16c | 10.98±0.22b |
叶片数Number of leaves | 18.60±0.22c | 19.50±0.22b | 20.60±0.27a | 20.40±0.22a |
绿叶数Green leaf number | 10.80±0.33c | 11.20±0.39c | 15.70±0.15a | 14.10±0.10b |
绿叶比Green leaf proportion (%) | 58.10±1.76c | 57.32±1.46c | 76.31±1.14a | 69.20±0.95b |
茎粗Stem diameter (mm) | 25.92±0.84a | 25.50±0.84a | 25.37±1.32a | 28.73±0.82a |
穗行数Number of kernel rows (line) | 15.60±0.58b | 17.80±0.47a | 17.40±0.31a | 17.40±0.31a |
行粒数Kernel numbers per row (pcs) | 39.10±1.66a | 39.60±1.15a | 38.40±1.18a | 41.80±1.36a |
穗粗Ear diameter (mm) | 53.08±0.79b | 56.80±0.68a | 56.88±0.52a | 55.74±0.80a |
全株鲜产量Fresh yield of whole plant (t·hm-2) | 51.21±0.43c | 53.78±0.89b | 59.85±0.81a | 62.00±0.78a |
全株干产量Dry yield of whole plant (t·hm-2) | 18.71±0.16b | 19.12±0.32b | 17.78±0.24c | 20.32±0.26a |
果穗鲜产量Fresh yield of ear (t·hm-2) | 16.14±0.22c | 18.40±0.18b | 18.50±0.36b | 20.72±0.31a |
果穗干产量Dry yield of ear (t·hm-2) | 8.95±0.06c | 9.88±0.27b | 9.60±0.07b | 10.58±0.10a |
果穗收获指数Ear harvest index (%) | 47.85±0.61b | 51.75±2.15ab | 54.74±0.45a | 52.08±1.15ab |
籽粒产量Grain yield (t·hm-2) | 7.65±0.06b | 7.85±0.23b | 7.73±0.22b | 8.48±0.11a |
籽粒收获指数Grain harvest index (%) | 40.87±0.49b | 41.04±0.19b | 43.48±0.43a | 41.74±0.28b |
表1 不同品种(系)重要农艺性状及产量比较
Table 1 Agronomic and yield traits in different varieties
项目Item | 雅玉青贮8号Yayu No.8 | MTP-044 | MTP-080 | MTP-082 |
---|---|---|---|---|
生育期Growing days (d) | 120 | 121 | 123 | 120 |
株高Plant height (cm) | 276.40±2.21b | 303.80±3.37a | 302.50±2.91a | 282.30±2.15b |
穗位高Ear height (cm) | 120.80±3.55a | 121.10±2.86a | 123.90±2.69a | 115.10±2.06a |
叶长Leaf length (cm) | 97.60±1.01a | 88.30±2.44b | 94.90±1.23a | 93.30±1.11a |
叶宽Leaf width (mm) | 11.77±0.25a | 9.93±0.21c | 10.25±0.16c | 10.98±0.22b |
叶片数Number of leaves | 18.60±0.22c | 19.50±0.22b | 20.60±0.27a | 20.40±0.22a |
绿叶数Green leaf number | 10.80±0.33c | 11.20±0.39c | 15.70±0.15a | 14.10±0.10b |
绿叶比Green leaf proportion (%) | 58.10±1.76c | 57.32±1.46c | 76.31±1.14a | 69.20±0.95b |
茎粗Stem diameter (mm) | 25.92±0.84a | 25.50±0.84a | 25.37±1.32a | 28.73±0.82a |
穗行数Number of kernel rows (line) | 15.60±0.58b | 17.80±0.47a | 17.40±0.31a | 17.40±0.31a |
行粒数Kernel numbers per row (pcs) | 39.10±1.66a | 39.60±1.15a | 38.40±1.18a | 41.80±1.36a |
穗粗Ear diameter (mm) | 53.08±0.79b | 56.80±0.68a | 56.88±0.52a | 55.74±0.80a |
全株鲜产量Fresh yield of whole plant (t·hm-2) | 51.21±0.43c | 53.78±0.89b | 59.85±0.81a | 62.00±0.78a |
全株干产量Dry yield of whole plant (t·hm-2) | 18.71±0.16b | 19.12±0.32b | 17.78±0.24c | 20.32±0.26a |
果穗鲜产量Fresh yield of ear (t·hm-2) | 16.14±0.22c | 18.40±0.18b | 18.50±0.36b | 20.72±0.31a |
果穗干产量Dry yield of ear (t·hm-2) | 8.95±0.06c | 9.88±0.27b | 9.60±0.07b | 10.58±0.10a |
果穗收获指数Ear harvest index (%) | 47.85±0.61b | 51.75±2.15ab | 54.74±0.45a | 52.08±1.15ab |
籽粒产量Grain yield (t·hm-2) | 7.65±0.06b | 7.85±0.23b | 7.73±0.22b | 8.48±0.11a |
籽粒收获指数Grain harvest index (%) | 40.87±0.49b | 41.04±0.19b | 43.48±0.43a | 41.74±0.28b |
项目 Item | 雅玉青贮8号Yayu No.8 | MTP-044 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | 全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | |
DM (%FM) | 32.21±0.42a | 48.57±0.90A | 33.22±0.44a | 41.93±1.36B |
CP (%DM) | 8.17±0.15b | 7.93±0.39A | 8.13±0.03b | 6.33±0.44B |
EE (%DM) | 4.17±0.38a | 5.53±0.17A | 3.87±0.15a | 4.10±0.32B |
CA (%DM) | 4.73±0.41a | 1.33±0.39A | 4.39±0.11a | 2.24±0.11A |
NDF (%DM) | 44.20±0.75a | 22.73±0.23BC | 41.50±0.25b | 26.87±0.41A |
ADF (%DM) | 27.82±1.14a | 13.07±0.43B | 24.37±0.49b | 16.97±0.41A |
ADL (%DM) | 2.40±0.25a | 0.77±0.07B | 2.33±0.67a | 1.57±0.32A |
Non-NDF (%DM) | 38.74±1.19b | 62.47±0.55AB | 42.11±0.20a | 60.46±0.75C |
CC (%DM) | 5.76±0.60a | 1.84±0.16B | 5.60±0.16a | 3.76±0.45A |
CB3 (%DM) | 38.44±1.35a | 20.89±0.39B | 35.90±0.37a | 23.11±0.62A |
Starch (%DM) | 28.84±0.42b | 57.71±1.27A | 26.74±0.63b | 49.37±2.62B |
WSC (%DM) | 2.10±0.06b | 0.30±0.00A | 1.80±0.18b | 0.77±0.26A |
Ca (%DM) | 0.20±0.02ab | 0.02±0.01A | 0.18±0.02b | 0.03±0.02A |
P (%DM) | 0.19±0.02b | 0.26±0.02A | 0.18±0.01b | 0.24±0.03A |
RFV | 141.54±2.05b | 322.21±4.60AB | 156.73±1.74a | 262.18±4.48C |
项目 Item | MTP-080 | MTP-082 | ||
全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | 全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | |
DM (%FM) | 28.37±0.16c | 42.97±1.50B | 30.77±0.07b | 44.33±0.76B |
CP (%DM) | 8.83±0.22a | 6.67±0.17B | 8.97±0.15a | 7.40±0.35A |
EE (%DM) | 3.97±0.15a | 4.37±0.20B | 3.83±0.19a | 4.23±0.19B |
CA (%DM) | 5.21±0.56a | 1.42±0.17A | 4.44±0.24a | 1.44±0.54A |
NDF (%DM) | 43.01±0.49a | 23.60±0.62B | 42.00±0.40b | 21.47±0.32C |
ADF (%DM) | 27.53±0.49a | 13.93±0.57B | 23.33±0.17b | 13.10±0.21B |
ADL (%DM) | 2.27±0.18a | 0.90±0.20B | 1.73±0.27a | 1.00±0.06B |
Non-NDF (%DM) | 38.93±0.49b | 63.95±0.40AB | 40.76±0.94ab | 65.46±0.65A |
CC (%DM) | 5.44±0.42a | 2.16±0.28B | 4.16±0.65a | 2.40±0.14B |
CB3 (%DM) | 37.63±0.88a | 21.44±0.61B | 37.84±0.31a | 19.07±0.36C |
Starch (%DM) | 28.66±0.94b | 55.51±2.49AB | 33.98±1.07a | 54.46±1.59AB |
WSC (%DM) | 2.72±0.18a | 0.60±0.25A | 2.73±0.23a | 0.80±0.25A |
Ca (%DM) | 0.25±0.02a | 0.01±0.00A | 0.22±0.01ab | 0.02±0.01A |
P (%DM) | 0.21±0.01ab | 0.28±0.04A | 0.24±0.01a | 0.27±0.04A |
RFV | 145.71±0.85b | 308.00±8.16B | 156.67±1.44a | 341.18±5.55A |
表2 不同品种(系)玉米全株和果穗青贮营养成分及饲用价值比较
Table 2 Nutritional quality of whole-plant silage (WPS) and whole-ear silage (WES) in different maize varieties
项目 Item | 雅玉青贮8号Yayu No.8 | MTP-044 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | 全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | |
DM (%FM) | 32.21±0.42a | 48.57±0.90A | 33.22±0.44a | 41.93±1.36B |
CP (%DM) | 8.17±0.15b | 7.93±0.39A | 8.13±0.03b | 6.33±0.44B |
EE (%DM) | 4.17±0.38a | 5.53±0.17A | 3.87±0.15a | 4.10±0.32B |
CA (%DM) | 4.73±0.41a | 1.33±0.39A | 4.39±0.11a | 2.24±0.11A |
NDF (%DM) | 44.20±0.75a | 22.73±0.23BC | 41.50±0.25b | 26.87±0.41A |
ADF (%DM) | 27.82±1.14a | 13.07±0.43B | 24.37±0.49b | 16.97±0.41A |
ADL (%DM) | 2.40±0.25a | 0.77±0.07B | 2.33±0.67a | 1.57±0.32A |
Non-NDF (%DM) | 38.74±1.19b | 62.47±0.55AB | 42.11±0.20a | 60.46±0.75C |
CC (%DM) | 5.76±0.60a | 1.84±0.16B | 5.60±0.16a | 3.76±0.45A |
CB3 (%DM) | 38.44±1.35a | 20.89±0.39B | 35.90±0.37a | 23.11±0.62A |
Starch (%DM) | 28.84±0.42b | 57.71±1.27A | 26.74±0.63b | 49.37±2.62B |
WSC (%DM) | 2.10±0.06b | 0.30±0.00A | 1.80±0.18b | 0.77±0.26A |
Ca (%DM) | 0.20±0.02ab | 0.02±0.01A | 0.18±0.02b | 0.03±0.02A |
P (%DM) | 0.19±0.02b | 0.26±0.02A | 0.18±0.01b | 0.24±0.03A |
RFV | 141.54±2.05b | 322.21±4.60AB | 156.73±1.74a | 262.18±4.48C |
项目 Item | MTP-080 | MTP-082 | ||
全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | 全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | |
DM (%FM) | 28.37±0.16c | 42.97±1.50B | 30.77±0.07b | 44.33±0.76B |
CP (%DM) | 8.83±0.22a | 6.67±0.17B | 8.97±0.15a | 7.40±0.35A |
EE (%DM) | 3.97±0.15a | 4.37±0.20B | 3.83±0.19a | 4.23±0.19B |
CA (%DM) | 5.21±0.56a | 1.42±0.17A | 4.44±0.24a | 1.44±0.54A |
NDF (%DM) | 43.01±0.49a | 23.60±0.62B | 42.00±0.40b | 21.47±0.32C |
ADF (%DM) | 27.53±0.49a | 13.93±0.57B | 23.33±0.17b | 13.10±0.21B |
ADL (%DM) | 2.27±0.18a | 0.90±0.20B | 1.73±0.27a | 1.00±0.06B |
Non-NDF (%DM) | 38.93±0.49b | 63.95±0.40AB | 40.76±0.94ab | 65.46±0.65A |
CC (%DM) | 5.44±0.42a | 2.16±0.28B | 4.16±0.65a | 2.40±0.14B |
CB3 (%DM) | 37.63±0.88a | 21.44±0.61B | 37.84±0.31a | 19.07±0.36C |
Starch (%DM) | 28.66±0.94b | 55.51±2.49AB | 33.98±1.07a | 54.46±1.59AB |
WSC (%DM) | 2.72±0.18a | 0.60±0.25A | 2.73±0.23a | 0.80±0.25A |
Ca (%DM) | 0.25±0.02a | 0.01±0.00A | 0.22±0.01ab | 0.02±0.01A |
P (%DM) | 0.21±0.01ab | 0.28±0.04A | 0.24±0.01a | 0.27±0.04A |
RFV | 145.71±0.85b | 308.00±8.16B | 156.67±1.44a | 341.18±5.55A |
项目 Item | 雅玉青贮8号Yayu No.8 | MTP-044 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | 全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | |
总能General energy (MJ·kg-1) | 18.17±0.12a | 19.05±0.09A | 18.16±0.05a | 18.47±0.08B |
单位面积总能General energy unit area (×105 MJ·hm-2) | 3.40±0.03b | 1.71±0.02C | 3.47±0.06b | 1.82±0.05B |
总可消化养分Total digestible nutrient (%) | 71.11±0.59b | 84.26±0.29A | 72.85±0.39a | 80.22±0.13C |
单位面积总可消化养分Total digestible nutrient unit area (×105·hm-2) | 13.31±0.11c | 7.54±0.05C | 13.93±0.23b | 7.92±0.22BC |
消化能 Digestible energy (MJ·kg-1) | 13.12±0.11b | 15.54±0.05A | 13.44±0.07a | 14.80±0.02C |
代谢能Metabolic energy (MJ·kg-1) | 10.76±0.09b | 12.75±0.04A | 11.02±0.06a | 12.13±0.02C |
维持净能Net energy for maintenance (MJ·kg-1) | 10.72±0.18b | 15.66±0.13A | 11.27±0.12a | 13.94±0.05C |
增重净能Net energy for gain (MJ·kg-1) | 8.68±0.17b | 13.44±0.13A | 9.19±0.12a | 11.76±0.05C |
泌乳净能Net energy for lactation (MJ·kg-1) | 6.05±0.11b | 7.59±0.03A | 6.36±0.05a | 7.30±0.03B |
项目 Item | MTP-080 | MTP-082 | ||
全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | 全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | |
总能General energy (MJ·kg-1) | 18.08±0.11a | 18.70±0.08B | 18.20±0.02a | 18.71±0.11B |
单位面积总能General energy unit area (×105 MJ·hm-2) | 3.21±0.04c | 1.82±0.01B | 3.70±0.05a | 1.98±0.02A |
总可消化养分Total digestible nutrient (%) | 71.04±0.64b | 82.80±0.44B | 72.56±0.35ab | 83.47±0.48AB |
单位面积总可消化养分Total digestible nutrient unit area (×105·hm-2) | 12.63±0.17d | 8.06±0.06B | 14.74±0.19a | 8.83±0.08A |
消化能 Digestible energy (MJ·kg-1) | 13.10±0.12b | 15.27±0.08B | 13.38±0.06ab | 15.40±0.09AB |
代谢能Metabolic energy (MJ·kg-1) | 10.75±0.09b | 12.52±0.07B | 10.98±0.05ab | 12.63±0.07AB |
维持净能Net energy for maintenance (MJ·kg-1) | 10.70±0.19b | 15.02±0.19B | 11.18±0.11ab | 15.31±0.21AB |
增重净能Net energy for gain (MJ·kg-1) | 8.66±0.18b | 12.81±0.19B | 9.11±0.11ab | 13.10±0.21AB |
泌乳净能Net energy for lactation (MJ·kg-1) | 6.07±0.04b | 7.53±0.04A | 6.45±0.01a | 7.59±0.02A |
表3 不同品种(系)玉米全株和果穗青贮能量价值比较
Table 3 Energy value of whole-plant silage (WPS) and whole-ear silage (WES) in different maize varieties
项目 Item | 雅玉青贮8号Yayu No.8 | MTP-044 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | 全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | |
总能General energy (MJ·kg-1) | 18.17±0.12a | 19.05±0.09A | 18.16±0.05a | 18.47±0.08B |
单位面积总能General energy unit area (×105 MJ·hm-2) | 3.40±0.03b | 1.71±0.02C | 3.47±0.06b | 1.82±0.05B |
总可消化养分Total digestible nutrient (%) | 71.11±0.59b | 84.26±0.29A | 72.85±0.39a | 80.22±0.13C |
单位面积总可消化养分Total digestible nutrient unit area (×105·hm-2) | 13.31±0.11c | 7.54±0.05C | 13.93±0.23b | 7.92±0.22BC |
消化能 Digestible energy (MJ·kg-1) | 13.12±0.11b | 15.54±0.05A | 13.44±0.07a | 14.80±0.02C |
代谢能Metabolic energy (MJ·kg-1) | 10.76±0.09b | 12.75±0.04A | 11.02±0.06a | 12.13±0.02C |
维持净能Net energy for maintenance (MJ·kg-1) | 10.72±0.18b | 15.66±0.13A | 11.27±0.12a | 13.94±0.05C |
增重净能Net energy for gain (MJ·kg-1) | 8.68±0.17b | 13.44±0.13A | 9.19±0.12a | 11.76±0.05C |
泌乳净能Net energy for lactation (MJ·kg-1) | 6.05±0.11b | 7.59±0.03A | 6.36±0.05a | 7.30±0.03B |
项目 Item | MTP-080 | MTP-082 | ||
全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | 全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | |
总能General energy (MJ·kg-1) | 18.08±0.11a | 18.70±0.08B | 18.20±0.02a | 18.71±0.11B |
单位面积总能General energy unit area (×105 MJ·hm-2) | 3.21±0.04c | 1.82±0.01B | 3.70±0.05a | 1.98±0.02A |
总可消化养分Total digestible nutrient (%) | 71.04±0.64b | 82.80±0.44B | 72.56±0.35ab | 83.47±0.48AB |
单位面积总可消化养分Total digestible nutrient unit area (×105·hm-2) | 12.63±0.17d | 8.06±0.06B | 14.74±0.19a | 8.83±0.08A |
消化能 Digestible energy (MJ·kg-1) | 13.10±0.12b | 15.27±0.08B | 13.38±0.06ab | 15.40±0.09AB |
代谢能Metabolic energy (MJ·kg-1) | 10.75±0.09b | 12.52±0.07B | 10.98±0.05ab | 12.63±0.07AB |
维持净能Net energy for maintenance (MJ·kg-1) | 10.70±0.19b | 15.02±0.19B | 11.18±0.11ab | 15.31±0.21AB |
增重净能Net energy for gain (MJ·kg-1) | 8.66±0.18b | 12.81±0.19B | 9.11±0.11ab | 13.10±0.21AB |
泌乳净能Net energy for lactation (MJ·kg-1) | 6.07±0.04b | 7.53±0.04A | 6.45±0.01a | 7.59±0.02A |
项目 Item | 雅玉青贮8号Yayu No.8 | MTP-044 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | 全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | |
pH | 3.80±0.06a | 3.80±0.05B | 3.73±0.07a | 4.07±0.03A |
乳酸 Lactic acid (LA, %DM) | 4.91±0.34b | 1.69±0.11B | 5.76±0.21b | 2.89±0.17A |
乙酸 Acetic acid (AA, %DM) | 1.36±0.11b | 1.29±0.08A | 1.80±0.15ab | 0.97±0.02B |
LA∶AA | 3.63±0.14a | 1.31±0.03C | 3.25±0.35a | 2.97±0.15B |
丁酸 Butyric acid (%DM) | 0.06±0.02a | 0.11±0.02A | 0.07±0.01a | 0.04±0.03B |
氨态氮/总氮 NH3-N/TN (%) | 4.82±0.31a | 1.33±0.27A | 5.90±1.05a | 0.60±0.21AB |
费氏评分 Flieg score (FS) | 117.42±1.63a | 150.13±3.70A | 122.11±2.05a | 126.20±1.71C |
项目 Item | MTP-080 | MTP-082 | ||
全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | 全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | |
pH | 3.53±0.03b | 3.73±0.09B | 3.73±0.03a | 3.56±0.09B |
乳酸 Lactic acid (LA, %DM) | 6.98±0.38a | 2.96±0.11A | 5.26±0.36b | 2.84±0.06A |
乙酸 Acetic acid (AA, %DM) | 2.29±0.04a | 0.83±0.07BC | 1.63±0.24b | 1.11±0.06AB |
LA∶AA | 3.04±0.14a | 3.62±0.26A | 3.40±0.66a | 2.56±0.10B |
丁酸 Butyric acid (%DM) | 0.11±0.02a | 0.01±0.02B | 0.10±0.01a | 0.06±0.02AB |
氨态氮/总氮 NH3-N/TN (%) | 6.16±0.26a | 0.14±0.10B | 6.18±0.59a | 0.87±0.27AB |
费氏评分 Flieg score (FS) | 120.41±1.17a | 141.60±0.75AB | 117.21±1.40a | 151.00±3.62A |
表4 不同品种(系)玉米全株和果穗青贮发酵品质比较
Table 4 Fermentation quality of whole-plant silage (WPS) and whole-ear silage (WES) in different maize varieties
项目 Item | 雅玉青贮8号Yayu No.8 | MTP-044 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | 全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | |
pH | 3.80±0.06a | 3.80±0.05B | 3.73±0.07a | 4.07±0.03A |
乳酸 Lactic acid (LA, %DM) | 4.91±0.34b | 1.69±0.11B | 5.76±0.21b | 2.89±0.17A |
乙酸 Acetic acid (AA, %DM) | 1.36±0.11b | 1.29±0.08A | 1.80±0.15ab | 0.97±0.02B |
LA∶AA | 3.63±0.14a | 1.31±0.03C | 3.25±0.35a | 2.97±0.15B |
丁酸 Butyric acid (%DM) | 0.06±0.02a | 0.11±0.02A | 0.07±0.01a | 0.04±0.03B |
氨态氮/总氮 NH3-N/TN (%) | 4.82±0.31a | 1.33±0.27A | 5.90±1.05a | 0.60±0.21AB |
费氏评分 Flieg score (FS) | 117.42±1.63a | 150.13±3.70A | 122.11±2.05a | 126.20±1.71C |
项目 Item | MTP-080 | MTP-082 | ||
全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | 全株青贮WPS | 果穗青贮WES | |
pH | 3.53±0.03b | 3.73±0.09B | 3.73±0.03a | 3.56±0.09B |
乳酸 Lactic acid (LA, %DM) | 6.98±0.38a | 2.96±0.11A | 5.26±0.36b | 2.84±0.06A |
乙酸 Acetic acid (AA, %DM) | 2.29±0.04a | 0.83±0.07BC | 1.63±0.24b | 1.11±0.06AB |
LA∶AA | 3.04±0.14a | 3.62±0.26A | 3.40±0.66a | 2.56±0.10B |
丁酸 Butyric acid (%DM) | 0.11±0.02a | 0.01±0.02B | 0.10±0.01a | 0.06±0.02AB |
氨态氮/总氮 NH3-N/TN (%) | 6.16±0.26a | 0.14±0.10B | 6.18±0.59a | 0.87±0.27AB |
费氏评分 Flieg score (FS) | 120.41±1.17a | 141.60±0.75AB | 117.21±1.40a | 151.00±3.62A |
项目 Item | 果穗青贮 Whole-ear silage | 全株青贮 Whole-plant silage | 秸秆青贮 Whole-straw silage |
---|---|---|---|
总能General energy (MJ·kg-1) | 18.74±0.07a | 18.15±0.04b | 17.26±0.03c |
单位面积总能General energy unit area (×105 MJ·hm-2) | 1.83±0.01b | 3.45±0.01a | 1.59±0.00c |
总可消化养分Total digestible nutrient (%) | 82.69±0.48a | 71.89±0.33b | 59.72±0.60c |
单位面积总可消化养分Total digestible nutrient unit area (×105·hm-2) | 8.06±0.05b | 13.65±0.06a | 5.51±0.06c |
消化能Digestible energy (MJ·kg-1) | 15.25±0.09a | 13.26±0.06b | 11.01±0.11c |
代谢能Metabolic energy (MJ·kg-1) | 12.50±0.07a | 10.87±0.05b | 9.03±0.09c |
维持净能Net energy for maintenance (MJ·kg-1) | 14.99±0.21a | 10.97±0.10b | 7.74±0.14c |
增重净能Net energy for gain (MJ·kg-1) | 12.78±0.20a | 8.91±0.10b | 5.98±0.12c |
泌乳净能Net energy for lactation (MJ·kg-1) | 7.50±0.04a | 6.23±0.06b | 5.60±0.05c |
相对饲用价值Relative feeding value | 308.41±9.14a | 150.17±2.13b | 91.65±2.40c |
表5 不同青贮方式的能量价值比较
Table 5 Comparison of energy value of different silage type
项目 Item | 果穗青贮 Whole-ear silage | 全株青贮 Whole-plant silage | 秸秆青贮 Whole-straw silage |
---|---|---|---|
总能General energy (MJ·kg-1) | 18.74±0.07a | 18.15±0.04b | 17.26±0.03c |
单位面积总能General energy unit area (×105 MJ·hm-2) | 1.83±0.01b | 3.45±0.01a | 1.59±0.00c |
总可消化养分Total digestible nutrient (%) | 82.69±0.48a | 71.89±0.33b | 59.72±0.60c |
单位面积总可消化养分Total digestible nutrient unit area (×105·hm-2) | 8.06±0.05b | 13.65±0.06a | 5.51±0.06c |
消化能Digestible energy (MJ·kg-1) | 15.25±0.09a | 13.26±0.06b | 11.01±0.11c |
代谢能Metabolic energy (MJ·kg-1) | 12.50±0.07a | 10.87±0.05b | 9.03±0.09c |
维持净能Net energy for maintenance (MJ·kg-1) | 14.99±0.21a | 10.97±0.10b | 7.74±0.14c |
增重净能Net energy for gain (MJ·kg-1) | 12.78±0.20a | 8.91±0.10b | 5.98±0.12c |
泌乳净能Net energy for lactation (MJ·kg-1) | 7.50±0.04a | 6.23±0.06b | 5.60±0.05c |
相对饲用价值Relative feeding value | 308.41±9.14a | 150.17±2.13b | 91.65±2.40c |
项目Item | PH | EH | NL | GLN | SD | FYWP | DYWP | FYE | DYE | pH | CP | ADF | NDF | WSC | Starch |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EH | 0.40 | ||||||||||||||
NL | 0.28 | -0.37 | |||||||||||||
GLN | 0.49 | -0.11 | 0.64* | ||||||||||||
SD | -0.07 | -0.15 | 0.55 | 0.02 | |||||||||||
FYWP | 0.28 | -0.31 | 0.59* | 0.81* | 0.24 | ||||||||||
DYWP | -0.46 | -0.38 | 0.24 | -0.15 | 0.46 | 0.33 | |||||||||
FYE | -0.16 | -0.30 | 0.34 | 0.17 | 0.51 | 0.53 | 0.78* | ||||||||
DYE | 0.29 | -0.17 | 0.44 | 0.52 | 0.56 | 0.71* | 0.50 | 0.87* | |||||||
pH | -0.75* | -0.16 | -0.37 | -0.65* | 0.20 | -0.45 | 0.47 | 0.18 | -0.18 | ||||||
CP | 0.11 | -0.45 | 0.41 | 0.81* | -0.17 | 0.80* | 0.13 | 0.37 | 0.48 | -0.35 | |||||
ADF | 0.09 | 0.45 | -0.33 | 0.07 | -0.50 | -0.41 | -0.79* | -0.83* | -0.69* | -0.27 | -0.16 | ||||
NDF | -0.25 | -0.07 | -0.16 | -0.05 | -0.18 | -0.27 | -0.31 | -0.63 | -0.61* | 0.19 | -0.06 | 0.53 | |||
WSC | 1.16 | -0.28 | 0.52 | 0.77* | -0.20 | 0.77* | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.30 | -0.56 | 0.84* | 0.04 | -0.21 | ||
Starch | -0.36 | -0.47 | 0.28 | 0.42 | 0.51 | 0.56 | 0.50 | 0.64* | 0.60* | 0.06 | 0.54 | -0.34 | 0.04 | 0.48 | |
LA | 0.81* | 0.31 | 0.18 | 0.60* | -0.34 | 0.31 | -0.60* | -0.25 | 0.14 | -0.73* | 0.37 | 0.35 | -0.22 | 0.40 | -0.19 |
表6 重要农艺性状与青贮饲料营养价值和发酵品质之间的相关性
Table 6 Correlation between important agronomic traits, nutritional value and fermentation quality of silage
项目Item | PH | EH | NL | GLN | SD | FYWP | DYWP | FYE | DYE | pH | CP | ADF | NDF | WSC | Starch |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EH | 0.40 | ||||||||||||||
NL | 0.28 | -0.37 | |||||||||||||
GLN | 0.49 | -0.11 | 0.64* | ||||||||||||
SD | -0.07 | -0.15 | 0.55 | 0.02 | |||||||||||
FYWP | 0.28 | -0.31 | 0.59* | 0.81* | 0.24 | ||||||||||
DYWP | -0.46 | -0.38 | 0.24 | -0.15 | 0.46 | 0.33 | |||||||||
FYE | -0.16 | -0.30 | 0.34 | 0.17 | 0.51 | 0.53 | 0.78* | ||||||||
DYE | 0.29 | -0.17 | 0.44 | 0.52 | 0.56 | 0.71* | 0.50 | 0.87* | |||||||
pH | -0.75* | -0.16 | -0.37 | -0.65* | 0.20 | -0.45 | 0.47 | 0.18 | -0.18 | ||||||
CP | 0.11 | -0.45 | 0.41 | 0.81* | -0.17 | 0.80* | 0.13 | 0.37 | 0.48 | -0.35 | |||||
ADF | 0.09 | 0.45 | -0.33 | 0.07 | -0.50 | -0.41 | -0.79* | -0.83* | -0.69* | -0.27 | -0.16 | ||||
NDF | -0.25 | -0.07 | -0.16 | -0.05 | -0.18 | -0.27 | -0.31 | -0.63 | -0.61* | 0.19 | -0.06 | 0.53 | |||
WSC | 1.16 | -0.28 | 0.52 | 0.77* | -0.20 | 0.77* | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.30 | -0.56 | 0.84* | 0.04 | -0.21 | ||
Starch | -0.36 | -0.47 | 0.28 | 0.42 | 0.51 | 0.56 | 0.50 | 0.64* | 0.60* | 0.06 | 0.54 | -0.34 | 0.04 | 0.48 | |
LA | 0.81* | 0.31 | 0.18 | 0.60* | -0.34 | 0.31 | -0.60* | -0.25 | 0.14 | -0.73* | 0.37 | 0.35 | -0.22 | 0.40 | -0.19 |
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