草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 143-159.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022480
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
姜瑛1(), 张辉红1(), 魏畅1, 徐正阳1, 赵颖1, 刘芳1, 李鸽子2, 张雪海2, 柳海涛1()
收稿日期:
2022-12-07
修回日期:
2023-01-13
出版日期:
2023-09-20
发布日期:
2023-07-12
通讯作者:
柳海涛
作者简介:
E-mail: liuhaitaoky@henau.edu.cn基金资助:
Ying JIANG1(), Hui-hong ZHANG1(), Chang WEI1, Zheng-yang XU1, Ying ZHAO1, Fang LIU1, Ge-zi LI2, Xue-hai ZHANG2, Hai-tao LIU1()
Received:
2022-12-07
Revised:
2023-01-13
Online:
2023-09-20
Published:
2023-07-12
Contact:
Hai-tao LIU
摘要:
为研究喷施外源褪黑素对玉米幼苗抗旱性的效果,探究褪黑素缓解干旱胁迫的作用机理。以玉米品种郑单985作为供试材料,采用水培试验,使用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫,探究干旱胁迫下不同浓度(0、10、50、100 μmol·L-1)褪黑素对玉米幼苗生长、根系构型及分级特征、光合特性、抗氧化能力和渗透调节物质含量等指标的影响,采用隶属函数值法对不同处理下玉米幼苗的抗旱性进行综合评价。结果表明:与不施褪黑素处理相比,喷施50 μmol·L-1褪黑素效果最优,玉米幼苗的株高、地上部鲜重和干重、地下部鲜重和干重、茎耐受指数和根耐受指数均显著增加;玉米幼苗的总根长(RL)、根表面积(SA)、根体积(RV)和根尖数(RT)均显著增加,RL的Ⅰ级(RD 0~0.5 mm)、SA的Ⅰ和Ⅱ级(RD 0.5~1.0 mm)、RV的Ⅰ和Ⅱ级均显著提高,其中50 μmol·L-1褪黑素处理中的根系Ⅰ级径级区间的RL和SA占该处理根系的总比例最高,达到82.40%和47.32%;地上部丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低了20.17%;地上部可溶性蛋白含量增加至最大,地下部可溶性蛋白含量显著升高了49.14%;光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)分别增加了85.83%和32.81%;地上部和地下部超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、地上部过氧化物酶(POD)活性、地上部过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和地上部抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性均显著升高;干旱胁迫下4个处理的抗旱性强弱排序为50 μmol·L-1(MT50)>10 μmol·L-1(MT10)>100 μmol·L-1(MT100)>0 μmol·L-1(MT0),即MT50处理的抗旱性最强。外源喷施50 μmol·L-1褪黑素有效调节了玉米幼苗地上部和地下部的抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节能力,减少了MDA含量,提高了地上部的光合作用能力,调节了玉米幼苗地上部和地下部的可溶性蛋白含量、抗坏血酸(AsA)含量、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、SOD活性、POD活性、APX活性和CAT活性,提高了玉米幼苗地上部和地下部的生物量和伸长量,减轻了干旱胁迫对根系构型的影响,提高了玉米幼苗的抗旱性,为研究褪黑素缓解干旱胁迫的作用机理提供了理论依据。
姜瑛, 张辉红, 魏畅, 徐正阳, 赵颖, 刘芳, 李鸽子, 张雪海, 柳海涛. 外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗根系发育及生理生化特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(9): 143-159.
Ying JIANG, Hui-hong ZHANG, Chang WEI, Zheng-yang XU, Ying ZHAO, Fang LIU, Ge-zi LI, Xue-hai ZHANG, Hai-tao LIU. Effects of exogenous melatonin on root development and physiological and biochemical characteristics of maize seedlings under drought stress[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(9): 143-159.
生长指标Growth index | CK | MT0 | MT10 | MT50 | MT100 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
株高Plant height (cm) | 40.90±0.50a | 31.07±0.83c | 29.83±1.68c | 36.70±1.25b | 31.00±1.25c |
地上部鲜重Shoot fresh weight (g·plant-1) | 3.93±0.20a | 1.34±0.12d | 1.59±0.30cd | 2.24±0.20b | 1.73±0.13c |
地上部干重Shoot dry weight (mg·plant-1) | 286.33±14.03a | 123.23±15.46d | 156.67±23.79c | 264.20±6.41a | 197.57±4.00b |
主根长Main root length (cm) | 32.03±2.25a | 24.23±0.81bc | 22.50±2.26c | 25.70±1.18b | 25.13±0.90bc |
地下部鲜重Root fresh weight (g·plant-1) | 1.61±0.02a | 0.81±0.06c | 0.92±0.14c | 1.12±0.04b | 0.92±0.08c |
地下部干重Root dry weight (mg·plant-1) | 100.47±6.30a | 39.60±4.28d | 65.27±7.13c | 90.93±4.03ab | 81.77±6.71b |
根冠比Root/shoot | 0.35±0.01b | 0.32±0.02b | 0.42±0.05a | 0.34±0.02b | 0.41±0.05a |
茎耐受指数Shoot tolerance index (%) | - | 0.43±0.05d | 0.55±0.08c | 0.92±0.02a | 0.69±0.01b |
根耐受指数Root tolerance index (%) | - | 0.39±0.04c | 0.65±0.07b | 0.90±0.04a | 0.81±0.07a |
表1 干旱胁迫下不同浓度褪黑素处理对玉米幼苗生长及耐受指数的影响
Table 1 Effects of different concentrations of melatonin treatments on the growth and tolerance index of maize seedlings under drought stress (mean±SD)
生长指标Growth index | CK | MT0 | MT10 | MT50 | MT100 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
株高Plant height (cm) | 40.90±0.50a | 31.07±0.83c | 29.83±1.68c | 36.70±1.25b | 31.00±1.25c |
地上部鲜重Shoot fresh weight (g·plant-1) | 3.93±0.20a | 1.34±0.12d | 1.59±0.30cd | 2.24±0.20b | 1.73±0.13c |
地上部干重Shoot dry weight (mg·plant-1) | 286.33±14.03a | 123.23±15.46d | 156.67±23.79c | 264.20±6.41a | 197.57±4.00b |
主根长Main root length (cm) | 32.03±2.25a | 24.23±0.81bc | 22.50±2.26c | 25.70±1.18b | 25.13±0.90bc |
地下部鲜重Root fresh weight (g·plant-1) | 1.61±0.02a | 0.81±0.06c | 0.92±0.14c | 1.12±0.04b | 0.92±0.08c |
地下部干重Root dry weight (mg·plant-1) | 100.47±6.30a | 39.60±4.28d | 65.27±7.13c | 90.93±4.03ab | 81.77±6.71b |
根冠比Root/shoot | 0.35±0.01b | 0.32±0.02b | 0.42±0.05a | 0.34±0.02b | 0.41±0.05a |
茎耐受指数Shoot tolerance index (%) | - | 0.43±0.05d | 0.55±0.08c | 0.92±0.02a | 0.69±0.01b |
根耐受指数Root tolerance index (%) | - | 0.39±0.04c | 0.65±0.07b | 0.90±0.04a | 0.81±0.07a |
项目Item | CK | MT0 | MT10 | MT50 | MT100 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
总根长Total root length (RL,cm) | |||||
总Total | 1078.57±25.11a | 350.76±21.23d | 413.58±4.26d | 643.92±63.89b | 492.62±25.79c |
Ⅰ | 888.47±22.89a | 234.81±28.05e | 287.02±7.31d | 494.90±34.68b | 346.39±16.68c |
Ⅱ | 159.23±7.12a | 98.03±11.25b | 102.63±11.85b | 118.21±27.44b | 117.03±16.48b |
Ⅲ | 18.98±1.64a | 9.62±1.93b | 13.93±5.80ab | 17.63±5.11a | 16.69±1.29a |
Ⅳ | 11.56±4.17a | 8.25±2.72a | 9.99±2.50a | 12.99±3.25a | 12.30±2.72a |
根表面积Root surface area (SA,cm2) | |||||
总Total | 111.70±2.09a | 49.61±1.12d | 59.08±3.99cd | 81.34±9.70b | 71.28±8.97bc |
Ⅰ | 46.62±1.25a | 14.23±2.16d | 17.37±2.06d | 29.25±2.87b | 22.21±1.98c |
Ⅱ | 35.19±2.72a | 20.63±2.19b | 22.49±2.44b | 26.72±5.90b | 25.71±3.50b |
Ⅲ | 7.17±0.68a | 3.63±0.77b | 5.25±2.21ab | 6.62±1.92a | 6.29±0.53ab |
Ⅳ | 9.51±2.48a | 6.38±1.73a | 8.15±2.47a | 10.00±2.83a | 9.86±2.55a |
根体积Root volume (RV,cm3) | |||||
总Total | 0.92±0.05a | 0.56±0.06c | 0.67±0.09bc | 0.82±0.12ab | 0.83±0.17ab |
Ⅰ | 0.25±0.02a | 0.09±0.01c | 0.11±0.02c | 0.17±0.03b | 0.14±0.02b |
Ⅱ | 0.64±0.07a | 0.36±0.04c | 0.40±0.04bc | 0.49±0.10b | 0.46±0.06bc |
Ⅲ | 0.22±0.02a | 0.11±0.02b | 0.16±0.07ab | 0.20±0.06a | 0.19±0.02ab |
Ⅳ | 0.83±0.02a | 0.47±0.10a | 0.68±0.28a | 0.72±0.20a | 0.76±0.28a |
根平均直径Root average diameter (RD, mm) | 0.33±0.01b | 0.45±0.04a | 0.45±0.03a | 0.40±0.01a | 0.46±0.04a |
根尖数Root tips (RT) | 2138.67±319.14a | 562.00±27.07c | 615.67±95.63bc | 1040.33±296.39b | 819.00±259.05bc |
表2 干旱胁迫下不同浓度褪黑素对玉米幼苗根系结构和根系分级的影响
Table 2 Effects of different concentrations of melatonin on root structure and grading of maize seedlings under drought stress (mean±SD)
项目Item | CK | MT0 | MT10 | MT50 | MT100 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
总根长Total root length (RL,cm) | |||||
总Total | 1078.57±25.11a | 350.76±21.23d | 413.58±4.26d | 643.92±63.89b | 492.62±25.79c |
Ⅰ | 888.47±22.89a | 234.81±28.05e | 287.02±7.31d | 494.90±34.68b | 346.39±16.68c |
Ⅱ | 159.23±7.12a | 98.03±11.25b | 102.63±11.85b | 118.21±27.44b | 117.03±16.48b |
Ⅲ | 18.98±1.64a | 9.62±1.93b | 13.93±5.80ab | 17.63±5.11a | 16.69±1.29a |
Ⅳ | 11.56±4.17a | 8.25±2.72a | 9.99±2.50a | 12.99±3.25a | 12.30±2.72a |
根表面积Root surface area (SA,cm2) | |||||
总Total | 111.70±2.09a | 49.61±1.12d | 59.08±3.99cd | 81.34±9.70b | 71.28±8.97bc |
Ⅰ | 46.62±1.25a | 14.23±2.16d | 17.37±2.06d | 29.25±2.87b | 22.21±1.98c |
Ⅱ | 35.19±2.72a | 20.63±2.19b | 22.49±2.44b | 26.72±5.90b | 25.71±3.50b |
Ⅲ | 7.17±0.68a | 3.63±0.77b | 5.25±2.21ab | 6.62±1.92a | 6.29±0.53ab |
Ⅳ | 9.51±2.48a | 6.38±1.73a | 8.15±2.47a | 10.00±2.83a | 9.86±2.55a |
根体积Root volume (RV,cm3) | |||||
总Total | 0.92±0.05a | 0.56±0.06c | 0.67±0.09bc | 0.82±0.12ab | 0.83±0.17ab |
Ⅰ | 0.25±0.02a | 0.09±0.01c | 0.11±0.02c | 0.17±0.03b | 0.14±0.02b |
Ⅱ | 0.64±0.07a | 0.36±0.04c | 0.40±0.04bc | 0.49±0.10b | 0.46±0.06bc |
Ⅲ | 0.22±0.02a | 0.11±0.02b | 0.16±0.07ab | 0.20±0.06a | 0.19±0.02ab |
Ⅳ | 0.83±0.02a | 0.47±0.10a | 0.68±0.28a | 0.72±0.20a | 0.76±0.28a |
根平均直径Root average diameter (RD, mm) | 0.33±0.01b | 0.45±0.04a | 0.45±0.03a | 0.40±0.01a | 0.46±0.04a |
根尖数Root tips (RT) | 2138.67±319.14a | 562.00±27.07c | 615.67±95.63bc | 1040.33±296.39b | 819.00±259.05bc |
图2 干旱胁迫下不同浓度褪黑素对玉米幼苗根长、根表面积以及根体积在不同径级区间所占百分比
Fig.2 The percentage of different concentrations of melatonin on root length, root surface area and root volume in different diameters of maize seedlings under drought stress
图3 干旱胁迫下不同浓度褪黑素对玉米幼苗组织内MDA含量的影响不同小写字母代表干旱胁迫下不同浓度褪黑素处理间差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),下同。Different lowercase letters represent significant difference among different concentrations of melatonin treatments under drought stress (P<0.05), the same below.
Fig.3 Effects of different concentrations of melatonin on MDA content in maize seedlings under drought stress
图4 干旱胁迫下不同浓度褪黑素对玉米幼苗组织内可溶性蛋白含量的影响
Fig.4 Effects of different concentrations of melatonin on soluble protein content in maize seedling tissues under drought stress
图5 干旱胁迫下不同浓度褪黑素对玉米幼苗光合参数的影响
Fig.5 Effects of different concentrations of melatonin on photosynthetic parameters of maize seedlings under drought stress
图6 干旱胁迫下不同浓度褪黑素对玉米幼苗组织内AsA和GSH含量的影响
Fig.6 Effects of different concentrations of melatonin on AsA and GSH contents in maize seedling tissues under drought stress
图7 干旱胁迫下不同浓度褪黑素对玉米幼苗组织内抗氧化酶活性的影响
Fig.7 Effects of different concentrations of melatonin on antioxidant enzyme activities in maize seedlings under drought stress
图8 干旱胁迫下不同浓度褪黑素处理诱导玉米幼苗各指标变化的主成分分析和随机森林结果
Fig.8 Principal component analysis and random forest plot of maize seedling index changes induced by different concentrations of melatonin under drought stress
图9 干旱胁迫下不同浓度褪黑素处理玉米幼苗各指标变化的相关性分析和热图
Fig.9 Correlation analysis of various indexes of maize seedlings treated with different concentrations of melatonin under drought stress and heat map
指标Indexes | RL | SA | RD | RV | RT | Ph | MRL | FW | DW |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pn | 0.840** | 0.813** | -0.776** | 0.710** | 0.783** | 0.832** | 0.725** | 0.820** | 0.849** |
Gs | 0.512 | 0.521* | -0.501 | 0.553* | 0.437 | 0.595* | 0.316 | 0.498 | 0.599* |
Ci | -0.176 | -0.242 | 0.093 | -0.286 | -0.131 | -0.165 | -0.086 | -0.164 | -0.376 |
Tr | 0.493 | 0.487 | -0.449 | 0.461 | 0.467 | 0.493 | 0.246 | 0.499 | 0.433 |
MDA | -0.858** | -0.833** | 0.779** | -0.713** | -0.782** | -0.792** | -0.627* | -0.871** | -0.818** |
AsA | -0.815** | -0.775** | 0.770** | -0.642** | -0.782** | -0.728** | -0.646** | -0.809** | -0.718** |
GSH | 0.002 | -0.062 | -0.067 | -0.177 | 0.110 | -0.157 | 0.157 | 0.021 | -0.363 |
SPC | -0.259 | -0.178 | 0.202 | -0.082 | -0.288 | -0.172 | -0.369 | -0.299 | 0.117 |
SOD | -0.161 | -0.075 | 0.105 | 0.037 | -0.252 | -0.037 | -0.364 | -0.184 | 0.231 |
POD | -0.758** | -0.701** | 0.675** | -0.634* | -0.729** | -0.659** | -0.701** | -0.770** | -0.452 |
CAT | -0.231 | -0.155 | 0.159 | -0.003 | -0.335 | -0.060 | -0.392 | -0.209 | 0.116 |
APX | -0.239 | -0.072 | 0.503 | -0.160 | -0.255 | -0.461 | -0.336 | -0.272 | -0.023 |
表3 干旱胁迫下不同浓度褪黑素处理的玉米幼苗生长指标和生理指标的相关性分析
Table 3 Correlation analysis of growth indexes and physiological indexes of maize seedlings treated with different concentrations of melatonin under drought stress
指标Indexes | RL | SA | RD | RV | RT | Ph | MRL | FW | DW |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pn | 0.840** | 0.813** | -0.776** | 0.710** | 0.783** | 0.832** | 0.725** | 0.820** | 0.849** |
Gs | 0.512 | 0.521* | -0.501 | 0.553* | 0.437 | 0.595* | 0.316 | 0.498 | 0.599* |
Ci | -0.176 | -0.242 | 0.093 | -0.286 | -0.131 | -0.165 | -0.086 | -0.164 | -0.376 |
Tr | 0.493 | 0.487 | -0.449 | 0.461 | 0.467 | 0.493 | 0.246 | 0.499 | 0.433 |
MDA | -0.858** | -0.833** | 0.779** | -0.713** | -0.782** | -0.792** | -0.627* | -0.871** | -0.818** |
AsA | -0.815** | -0.775** | 0.770** | -0.642** | -0.782** | -0.728** | -0.646** | -0.809** | -0.718** |
GSH | 0.002 | -0.062 | -0.067 | -0.177 | 0.110 | -0.157 | 0.157 | 0.021 | -0.363 |
SPC | -0.259 | -0.178 | 0.202 | -0.082 | -0.288 | -0.172 | -0.369 | -0.299 | 0.117 |
SOD | -0.161 | -0.075 | 0.105 | 0.037 | -0.252 | -0.037 | -0.364 | -0.184 | 0.231 |
POD | -0.758** | -0.701** | 0.675** | -0.634* | -0.729** | -0.659** | -0.701** | -0.770** | -0.452 |
CAT | -0.231 | -0.155 | 0.159 | -0.003 | -0.335 | -0.060 | -0.392 | -0.209 | 0.116 |
APX | -0.239 | -0.072 | 0.503 | -0.160 | -0.255 | -0.461 | -0.336 | -0.272 | -0.023 |
处理 Treatment | MDA | AsA | GSH | SPC | SOD | POD | CAT | APX | 平均值 Average value | 排序Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MT0 | 0.0366 | 0.8515 | 0.9185 | 0.3789 | 0.0426 | 0.6793 | 0.4053 | 0.1850 | 0.4372 | 4 |
MT10 | 0.5375 | 0.3776 | 0.5756 | 0.7247 | 0.6555 | 0.8790 | 0.6472 | 0.7478 | 0.6431 | 2 |
MT50 | 0.6105 | 0.3971 | 0.0808 | 0.9283 | 0.9917 | 0.8375 | 0.8764 | 0.4300 | 0.6440 | 1 |
MT100 | 0.2036 | 0.6722 | 0.8218 | 0.5995 | 0.2570 | 0.7584 | 0.4429 | 0.9002 | 0.5820 | 3 |
表4 干旱胁迫下不同浓度褪黑素处理玉米幼苗生理指标的平均隶属函数值
Table 4 Average membership function values of physiological indexes of maize seedlings treated with different concentrations of melatonin under drought stress
处理 Treatment | MDA | AsA | GSH | SPC | SOD | POD | CAT | APX | 平均值 Average value | 排序Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MT0 | 0.0366 | 0.8515 | 0.9185 | 0.3789 | 0.0426 | 0.6793 | 0.4053 | 0.1850 | 0.4372 | 4 |
MT10 | 0.5375 | 0.3776 | 0.5756 | 0.7247 | 0.6555 | 0.8790 | 0.6472 | 0.7478 | 0.6431 | 2 |
MT50 | 0.6105 | 0.3971 | 0.0808 | 0.9283 | 0.9917 | 0.8375 | 0.8764 | 0.4300 | 0.6440 | 1 |
MT100 | 0.2036 | 0.6722 | 0.8218 | 0.5995 | 0.2570 | 0.7584 | 0.4429 | 0.9002 | 0.5820 | 3 |
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