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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 58-67.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023034

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

暖季草场不同放牧方式对牦牛藏羊生产力的影响

冯斌(), 杨晓霞, 刘文亭, 刘玉祯, 吕卫东, 张振祥, 孙彩彩, 周沁苑, 王芳草, 于泽航, 董全民()   

  1. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海省畜牧兽医科学院,青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室,三江源区高寒草地生态教育部重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-01 修回日期:2023-03-13 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2023-10-18
  • 通讯作者: 董全民
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: qmdong@qhu.edu.cn
    冯斌(1993-),男,甘肃武威人,在读博士。E-mail: 1051259550@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    基于生态系统多功能性的高寒草地放牧管理研究(2021-ZJ-901);国家自然科学基金联合基金(U20A2007);国家自然基金地区项目(32160343)

Effects of different livestock assembly on the productivity of yak and Tibetan sheep in warm-season pastures

Bin FENG(), Xiao-xia YANG, Wen-ting LIU, Yu-zhen LIU, Wei-dong LV, Zhen-xiang ZHANG, Cai-cai SUN, Qin-yuan ZHOU, Fang-cao WANG, Ze-hang YU, Quan-min DONG()   

  1. Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University,Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland,Key Laboratory of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem in the Three-River-Source,Qinghai University,Ministry of Education,Xining 810016,China
  • Received:2023-02-01 Revised:2023-03-13 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2023-10-18
  • Contact: Quan-min DONG

摘要:

为探讨中度放牧条件下放牧方式对家畜生产力的影响,开展了牦牛单牧(YG)、藏羊单牧(SG)、牦牛藏羊1∶6混牧(MG1∶6)、牦牛藏羊1∶4混牧(MG1∶4)和牦牛藏羊1∶2混牧(MG1∶2)5个控制性放牧试验,研究了牧草生长季不同生长时期对家畜日增重的影响以及不同放牧方式对牦牛和藏羊暖季增重、牧草营养和家畜采食量的影响。结果表明:1)在牧草返青期和生长期,牦牛和藏羊的日增重显著大于牧草枯黄期(P<0.05);2)牦牛和藏羊日增重在不同的放牧方式下无显著差异(P>0.05),而牦牛暖季增重在YG下最高,在MG1∶2和MG1∶6相对较高,藏羊暖季增重在MG1∶2中最高,在SG和MG1∶4相对较高;3)不同放牧方式下牧草营养和单位面积家畜采食量无显著差异(P>0.05),单一家畜放牧单位面积增重SG最高,牦牛藏羊两种家畜混合放牧则MG1∶2单位面积增重最高。综上,牧草枯黄期牦牛和藏羊的补饲对于维持其生产性能具有重要的意义,且MG1∶2对于牦牛和藏羊生产是一种较优的组合生产方式。

关键词: 中度放牧, 放牧方式, 家畜生产力, 牦牛, 藏羊, 暖季放牧, 暖季增重, 日增重

Abstract:

This research explored the effect of different livestock assembly on livestock productivity under moderate grazing intensity. Five experimental grazing treatments were established: Yak only grazing (YG), Tibetan sheep only grazing (SG), yak and Tibetan sheep grazing mixed 1∶6 (MG1∶6), yak and Tibetan sheep grazing mixed 1∶4 (MG1∶4), yak and Tibetan sheep grazing mixed 1∶2 (MG1∶2). We studied the daily weight gain of yaks and Tibetan sheep at different stages in the herbage growing season and the effects of different livestock assembly on the nutrition, feed intake, and weight gain of yaks and Tibetan sheep in the warm season. It was found that: 1)The daily weight gain of yaks and Tibetan sheep in the pasture re-greening and growing periods was significantly greater than that in the browning-off period (P<0.05). 2)There was no significant difference in daily gain of yak and Tibetan sheep under the different livestock assembly (P>0.05), but the weight gain of yaks in the warm season was highest in YG, and was also relatively high in the treatments MG1∶2 and MG1∶6. The weight gain of Tibetan sheep in the warm season was the highest in MG1∶2, and relatively high in SG and MG1∶4 treatments. 3)There was no significant difference in nutrition and feed intake per unit area of livestock under the different livestock assembly (P>0.05). When grazing a single livestock class, the weight gain per unit area of SG was the highest, and under mixed grazing of yaks and Tibetan sheep, the weight gain per unit area of MG1∶2 was the highest. In conclusion, supplementary feeding of yaks and Tibetan sheep during the browning-off period of the season is of great significance for maintaining livestock productivity, and the livestock assembly of MG1∶2 was the optimum ratio for mixed grazing of yaks and Tibetan sheep.

Key words: moderate grazing, different livestock assembly, livestock productivity, yak, Tibetan sheep, warm season grazing, warm season weight gain, daily weight gain