欢迎访问《草业学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 231-240.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022475

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

基于mtDNA COX3基因对西藏特色牦牛群体遗传结构的分析

者玉琦1,3(), 武志娟1,3, 王吉坤1,3, 钟金城1,3, 柴志欣1,3(), 信金伟2()   

  1. 1.青藏高原动物遗传资源保护与利用四川省重点实验室,四川 成都 610225
    2.省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室,西藏 拉萨 850000
    3.四川省青藏高原草食家畜工程技术中心,四川 成都 610225
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-30 修回日期:2023-01-13 出版日期:2023-09-20 发布日期:2023-07-12
  • 通讯作者: 柴志欣,信金伟
  • 作者简介:xinjinwei80@163.com
    E-mail: chaizhixin2525@163.com
    者玉琦(1999-),女,四川青川人,在读硕士。E-mail: 1692162294@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    西藏自治区重大科技专项-牦牛优异种质资源挖掘与利用技术研究(XZ202101ZD0002N-01);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目-牦牛种质资源评价(CARS-37);西南民族大学“双一流”项目(CX2023040)

Analysis of the genetic structure of Tibetan yak populations based on mtDNA COX3

Yu-qi ZHE1,3(), Zhi-juan WU1,3, Ji-kun WANG1,3, Jin-cheng ZHONG1,3, Zhi-xin CHAI1,3(), Jin-wei XIN2()   

  1. 1.Conservation and Utilization of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genomics Resource Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610225,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement,Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Research,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850000,China
    3.Sichuan Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Herbivore Livestock Engineering Technology Center,Chengdu 610225,China
  • Received:2022-11-30 Revised:2023-01-13 Online:2023-09-20 Published:2023-07-12
  • Contact: Zhi-xin CHAI,Jin-wei XIN

摘要:

为探究西藏特色牦牛群体的遗传多样性、系统进化及亲缘关系,本研究利用PCR和直接测序法分别测定了西藏帕里牦牛、嘉黎牦牛、类乌齐牦牛、工布江达牦牛、斯布牦牛、桑日牦牛、江达牦牛7个群体共140头个体的mtDNA COX3基因蛋白质编码区(CDS)序列,利用DNAMAN、DNASP 5.1、MEGA 7.0软件分析了其序列多态性、单倍体多样性,并构建了系统发育树。结果表明,西藏牦牛群体的COX3基因CDS序列长度均为781 bp,共检测获得55个变异位点。在140头个体中共检测出11种单倍型,平均单倍型多样性(Hd)及核苷酸多样性(Pi)分别为0.665和0.00480,说明西藏牦牛具有丰富的遗传多样性。西藏7个牦牛群体可分为2大类,类乌齐牦牛单独聚为一类,其余牦牛群体为一类。此外,11种单倍型可分为 2 个聚类簇,说明西藏牦牛可能存在两个母系起源。西藏7个牦牛群体可划分到家牦牛、原牛和普通牛三大单倍型群体中,其中Hap_2、Hap_3、Hap_4、Hap_6、Hap_7、Hap_8、Hap_10、Hap_11这8个单倍型属于家牦牛支系,Hap_5和Hap_9属于原牛和普通牛支系,Hap_1属于野牦牛支系,说明家牦牛、原牛和普通牛是西藏牦牛的混合母系起源,但受家牦牛影响较大。研究结果旨在为西藏牦牛的演化、遗传多样性以及遗传资源保护和利用提供理论依据。

关键词: 西藏牦牛, COX3基因, 遗传多样性, 系统进化

Abstract:

This study explored the genetic diversity, phylogenetic evolution, and genetic relationship between Pali yak, Jiali yak, Leiwuqi yak, Gongbujiangda yak, Sibu yak, Sangri yak and Jiangda yak. Coding sequences (CDS) of the mitochondrially-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅲ gene (COX3) were determined in 140 individuals from seven groups of Tibetan yak by PCR and direct sequencing. DNAMAN, DNASP 5.1, and MEGA 7.0 software programs were used to analyze COX3 polymorphisms and haploid diversity, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The COX3 CDS sequence was shown to be 781 bp in all seven Tibetan yak groups, with 55 sites of variation. Tibetan yak COX3 showed 11 haplotypes and average haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (Pi) levels of 0.665 and 0.00480, respectively, indicating a rich genetic diversity. Phyletic evolution analysis constructed a network relationship chart dividing the 11 haplotypes into two clusters, suggesting that the Tibetan yak can be categorized as the Leiwuqi yak line and a second yak line. Thus, Tibetan yaks may be descended from two separate maternal lineages. They can also be divided into three haplotype groups: domestic yak (Bos grunniens), Bos primigenius, and Bos taurus. Hap_2, Hap_3, Hap_4, Hap_6, Hap_7, Hap_8, Hap_10, and Hap_11 belong to the Bos grunniens line, Hap_5 and Hap_9 to B. primigenius and B. taurus lines, and Hap_1 to the Bos mutus line. Although Tibetan yak have mixed matrilineal origins, they appear to be greatly influenced by domestic yak. These findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the evolution of Tibetan yak, and in planning their conservation and utilization of genetic resources.

Key words: Tibetan yak, COX3 gene, genetic diversity, system evolution