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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 106-118.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023010

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

燕麦抗倒伏性状的基因型差异

南铭1(), 王兴荣1, 李晶2, 刘彦明2, 张成君2, 柴继宽3, 赵桂琴3()   

  1. 1.甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,农业农村部西北旱寒区作物基因资源与种质创新重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.甘肃省定西市农业科学研究院,甘肃 定西 743000
    3.甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-05 修回日期:2023-03-09 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-09-27
  • 通讯作者: 赵桂琴
  • 作者简介:E-mail: zhaogq@gsau.edu.cn
    南铭(1984-),男,甘肃通渭人,博士。E-mail: cedar_nanming@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-07-C-1);国家农业科技专项(NK2022140202-2);甘肃省农业科学院博士基金(2023GAAS44)

Differences in traits related to lodging resistance among oat genotypes

Ming NAN1(), Xing-rong WANG1, Jing LI2, Yan-ming LIU2, Cheng-jun ZHANG2, Ji-kuan CHAI3, Gui-qin ZHAO3()   

  1. 1.Crop Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest Dry and Cold Region of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.Dingxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dingxi 743000,China
    3.College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2023-01-05 Revised:2023-03-09 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-09-27
  • Contact: Gui-qin ZHAO

摘要:

倒伏是影响燕麦产量和品质的主要因素之一,筛选与燕麦抗倒伏性密切相关的形态性状并构建评价体系,是开展燕麦抗倒种质鉴定与创新利用的重要基础。通过比较20份不同基因型燕麦根系、茎秆和穗部18个形态性状间的差异性,结合相关分析和主成分分析(PCA),筛选与抗倒伏性密切相关的形态指标,采用逐步线性回归方法构建燕麦抗倒伏评价形态指标体系,为燕麦抗倒伏品种选育提供依据。不同基因型燕麦材料在同一性状间表现出较大差异,且形态性状在基因型间存在极显著差异(P<0.01),同一基因型材料的根、茎和穗部形态性状在两个试验点间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。实际倒伏率变异系数平均达81.17%,遗传变异比较丰富,重心高度变异系数最小,仅为7.91%,同一基因型材料的根系、茎秆、穗部性状在两个试验点间存在较大差异,各形态性状的基因型与试验环境间存在显著互作效应(P<0.05)。茎秆强度、重心高度和基部节间茎长及根体积同燕麦抗倒伏性关系密切,是影响燕麦抗倒伏性的关键指标。主成分分析得到3个能代表11个形态性状85.082%信息量的关键因子,依据根体积、茎秆基部第1、2节长度、茎秆机械强度及穗鲜重,小穗数等11个性状进行了系统聚类,得到了3个形态性状聚类组与7个聚类亚组、3个基因型聚类组,聚类热图与二维PCA图及函数模型得分与不同基因型材料倒伏程度级别、实际倒伏率基本吻合,得到了相互验证。结合各品种抗倒伏能力值,建立了燕麦抗倒伏线性回归形态指标模型。根体积小,重心较高,基部节间过长、茎秆纤细容易引起燕麦植株倒伏;根体积大、基部节短、粗,秆壁厚、茎秆强度大是茎秆固持能力强的主要原因。实际倒伏率、根体积、重心高度、基部第1、2节茎长、茎粗及茎秆强度适合作为燕麦抗倒伏性的形态评价指标,抗倒伏评价体系相对比较可靠,可用于田间燕麦品种(系)资源抗倒伏性的评价。

关键词: 燕麦, 抗倒伏性, 形态特征, 线性回归, 评价体系

Abstract:

Lodging is one of the main factors affecting oat yield and quality. Screening to identify the morphological traits related to the lodging resistance of oats and the construction of an evaluation system are important steps towards identifying and utilizing superior oat germplasm. In this study, we evaluated and compared 18 morphological characters of the root, stem, and ear of 20 oat genotypes. The morphological indexes closely related to lodging resistance were screened by correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). An evaluation system for lodging resistance based on morphological indexes of oat was constructed by a step linear regression method. This system provides the basis for breeding lodging-resistant oat varieties. Some traits varied widely among the different oat genotypes. Morphological traits showed extremely significant differences among genotypes (P<0.01). The root, stem, and ear morphological traits of the same oat genotypes differed significantly between the two test sites (P<0.05) and there was a significant interaction effect between the genotype of each morphological character and the test environment (P<0.05). The average coefficient of variation of the actual lodging rate was 81.17%, and there was a large amount of genetic variation. Among all of the morphological traits, barycenter height had the smallest coefficient of variation (7.91%). Stem strength, center of gravity height, basal internode stem length, and root volume were closely related to lodging resistance, and were the key indexes affecting oat lodging resistance. The PCA identified three key factors representing 85.082% of the information provided by 11 morphological traits. Systematic clustering was carried out based on 11 traits including root volume, stem base length (1st and 2nd internode lengths), stem strength, and ear morphology. Three morphological trait cluster groups, seven cluster subgroups, and three genotype cluster groups were obtained. The scores from the cluster heat map, two-dimensional PCA map, and function model were basically consistent with the degree of lodging of different genotypes and the actual lodging rate, and these relationships were mutually verified. A linear regression model based on the relationship between morphological indexes and the lodging resistance of various cultivars was developed to predict the lodging resistance of oat varieties. A small root system, high center of gravity, long internodes at the base, and a slim stem were identified as factors related to lodging. A large root volume, short and thick base segments, thick stalk walls, and high stalk strength were identified as factors related to lodging resistance. Our results show that the actual lodging rate, root volume, center of gravity height, stem base length (1st and 2nd internode lengths), stem diameter, and stem strength are useful characters for evaluating the lodging resistance of oats. The lodging resistance evaluation system is relatively reliable and can be used to evaluate the lodging resistance of oat varieties and lines in the field.

Key words: oats, lodging resistance, morphological traits, linear regression, evaluation system