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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 159-168.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023071

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

鄂尔多斯高原北部一年两季燕麦种植模式生产性能评价

李文龙1(), 李峰1, 张仲鹃2, 王殿清3, 王欢3, 靳慧卿3, 特木热4, 胡志玲5, 陶雅1()   

  1. 1.中国农业科学院草原研究所,农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
    2.黑龙江飞鹤乳业有限公司创新中心,北京 100015
    3.呼和浩特市农牧技术推广中心,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
    4.巴彦淖尔市农牧局,内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 015000
    5.赤峰市宁城县农牧局,内蒙古 赤峰 024200
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-06 修回日期:2023-05-23 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2023-11-23
  • 通讯作者: 陶雅
  • 作者简介:E-mail: taoya2001@126.com
    李文龙(1995-),男,内蒙古呼和浩特人,研究实习员,硕士。E-mail: liwenlong@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    “科技兴蒙”行动重点专项(KJXM-EEDS-2020010-04);云南省科技厅科技计划(202003AD150016);中国农业科学院创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-IGR 2016-02);中国农业科学院奶牛绿色养殖技术集成创新(CAAS-XTCX2016011-01-02)

A performance evaluation of two crops of forage oats per year in the northern Ordos Plateau

Wen-long LI1(), Feng LI1, Zhong-juan ZHANG2, Dian-qing WANG3, Huan WANG3, Hui-qing JIN3, Mu-re TE4, Zhi-ling HU5, Ya TAO1()   

  1. 1.Grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P. R. China,Hohhot 010010,China
    2.Innovation Center of Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co. ,Ltd. ,Beijing 100015,China
    3.Hohhot Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Center,Hohhot 010010,China
    4.Bayannur Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau,Bayannur 015000,China
    5.Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Ningcheng County,Chifeng 024200,China
  • Received:2023-03-06 Revised:2023-05-23 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2023-11-23
  • Contact: Ya TAO

摘要:

为了筛选出适宜鄂尔多斯高原北部一年两季种植的优良燕麦品种,优化种植模式,以提高土地利用效率,增加经济效益,本研究分别对鄂尔多斯高原北部第一、二季种植的6个国内外燕麦品种的产量性状和营养品质进行了监测分析,并应用灰色关联度法对不同品种燕麦在该地区的生产性能进行了综合评价。结果表明,第一、二季不同燕麦品种的株高、干草产量、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、钾(K)以及相对饲草质量(RFQ)的变化范围分别是96.77~121.77 cm、8426.38~14287.07 kg·hm-2、8.19%~9.29% DM、51.47%~59.90% DM、30.00%~35.83% DM、1.23%~1.87%、117.88~161.41和68.73~97.20 cm、4927.07~7082.58 kg·hm-2、12.12%~16.34% DM、39.60%~46.61% DM、19.49%~24.26% DM、1.67%~1.94%、206.09~262.64;除第一季燕麦粗蛋白含量外,各评价指标在不同品种间存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中第一季中品种太阳神的株高、NDF及ADF含量均高于其他品种,但其RFQ低于其他品种,而品种领袖的干草产量最大且K含量最低;第二季中品种青引1号的株高和干草产量均位列第一,其NDF、ADF含量居最高,贝勒的CP含量高于其他品种,青燕1号的K含量低于其他品种;株高及干、鲜草产量与CP、K、RFQ呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01或P<0.001)负相关,与NDF、ADF呈极显著正相关(P<0.001)。灰色关联度分析结果表明,各指标中NDF和RFQ的权重系数位列前二位,为该地区燕麦生产性能评价的重要指标;最适宜在鄂尔多斯高原北部地区作为第一季春播生产和第二季复种的燕麦品种分别为领袖和青燕1号,第一季春播领袖+第二季复种青燕1号的种植模式可在该地区以及同类型区域作为主推模式推广种植。

关键词: 鄂尔多斯高原, 一年两季, 饲用燕麦, 生产力, 营养成分

Abstract:

This study compared oat (Avena sativa) varieties and planting patterns for optimal performance when planting two crops of forage oats per year in northern part of the Ordos Plateau, in order to improve land use efficiency and increase economic returns. Various production characteristics and the nutritional quality of six domestic and foreign oat varieties (Qingyan No.1, Qingyin No.1, Souris, Baler, Helios, and Sweet oat). Multivariate evaluation of the crop data was performed using the grey correlation method. Ranges recorded for plant height, hay yield, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), potassium (K) and relative feeding quality (RFQ) of different oat varieties in the first crop were 96.77-121.77 cm, 8426.38-14287.07 kg·ha-1, 8.19%-9.29% DM, 51.47%-59.90% DM, 30.00%-35.83% DM, 1.23%-1.87% and 117.88-161.41, respectively. In the second crop, corresponding values were 68.73-97.20 cm, 4927.07-7082.58 kg·ha-1, 12.12%-16.34% DM, 39.60%-46.61% DM, 19.49%-24.26% DM, 1.67%-1.94% and 206.09-262.64 respectively. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the multivariate evaluation indexes among different varieties, except in the crude protein content of crop 1. In the first crop, the plant height, NDF and ADF content of Helios were higher but RFQ was lower than values of other varieties, while Souris had the highest hay yield and lowest K content. In the second oat crop, the plant height and hay yield of Qingyin No.1 ranked first, and its NDF and ADF contents were also the highest. The CP content of Baler was higher, and the K content of Qingyan No.1 was lower than that of other varieties. Plant height, hay and fresh yield were significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with CP, K and RFQ (P<0.05, P<0.01, or P<0.001), while positively correlated with NDF and ADF extremely significantly (P<0.001). In the grey correlation analysis the weighting coefficients for NDF and RFQ were the highest indicating that these two parameters are important indexes for oat productivity evaluation in this region. The most suitable oat varieties for spring sowing in the first crop and multiple planting in the second crop in north part of the Ordos Plateau are Souris and Qingyan No.1, respectively. So the planting combination of spring sowing Souris and replanting with Qingyan No.1 in the autumn can be recommended in this area, or in edaphically similar areas.

Key words: Ordos Plateau, two crops a year, forage oats, productivity, nutritional quality