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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 89-104.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023282

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

秸秆还田配施磷肥对豫西旱地小麦碳同化物积累的影响及其生理机制

张俊豪(), 柴雪茹, 马嵩科, 张冬霞, 张静, 乔唱唱, 李爽, 黄明, 王贺正()   

  1. 河南科技大学农学院,河南 洛阳 471000
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-09 修回日期:2023-09-21 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 王贺正
  • 作者简介:E-mail: wanghezh@163.com
    张俊豪(1998-),男,河南平顶山人,在读硕士。E-mail: zh15237517960@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发项目(2016YFD0300400);河南省科技攻关项目(212102110309)

Effects of straw return combined with phosphorus fertilizer on carbon assimilate accumulation in dryland wheat and the associated physiological mechanisms

Jun-hao ZHANG(), Xue-ru CHAI, Song-ke MA, Dong-xia ZHANG, Jing ZHANG, Chang-chang QIAO, Shuang LI, Ming HUANG, He-zheng WANG()   

  1. College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,China
  • Received:2023-08-09 Revised:2023-09-21 Online:2024-06-20 Published:2024-03-20
  • Contact: He-zheng WANG

摘要:

为明确秸秆还田配施磷肥对豫西旱地小麦碳同化物积累特性和产量的影响,2021-2022年度,以洛旱22为材料,采用裂区试验设计,主区为玉米秸秆还田处理,分别为秸秆不还田(S0)、秸秆全量还田(S1),副区为施磷量处理,分别为0 kg·hm-2 (P0)、75 kg·hm-2 (P1)、112.5 kg·hm-2 (P2)、150 kg·hm-2 (P3)、187.5 kg·hm-2 (P4),测定了不同处理下小麦干物质积累特性和产量及其构成因素,以及花后旗叶净光合速率、相对叶绿素含量(SPAD值),旗叶和籽粒的可溶性糖、蔗糖含量及蔗糖酶活性。结果表明,同一施磷水平下,与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆还田提高了小麦旗叶SPAD值和净光合速率,增加了旗叶和籽粒中的可溶性糖、蔗糖含量、蔗糖合成酶和磷酸蔗糖合成酶活性,最终使成熟期干物质积累量和籽粒产量分别显著增加9.25%~14.60%和2.17%~6.31%。同一秸秆处理下,随施磷量的增加,旗叶SPAD值、净光合速率,旗叶和籽粒中的可溶性糖、蔗糖含量、蔗糖合成酶和磷酸蔗糖合成酶及干物质积累量呈先上升后下降趋势。从互作效应看,S1P3处理下旗叶SPAD值和净光合速率,旗叶和籽粒中的可溶性糖和蔗糖含量,蔗糖合成酶和磷酸蔗糖合成酶活性等各指标均最高,从而获得最高产量,较S0P0处理增产35.70%。因此,秸秆还田配施磷150 kg·hm-2是本试验条件下的最适宜种植方式,可在豫西旱地小麦栽培上推广。

关键词: 旱地小麦, 秸秆还田, 磷肥, 蔗糖酶活性

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of straw return combined with phosphate (P) fertilizer on the characteristics of carbon assimilation accumulation and grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum). In 2021-2022, a split-spilt-plot field experiment with Luohan22 used as the tested wheat variety was conducted in typical drylands of western Henan province. In this experiment, two corn (Zea mays) straw return treatments (no straw return, S0; full straw return, S1) were set up as main plot treatments, and five rates of P fertilizer application rates (0 kg·ha-1, P0; 75 kg·ha-1, P1; 112.5 kg·ha-1, P2; 150 kg·ha-1, P3; 187.5 kg·ha-1, P4), were applied as split-plot treatments. We investigated the characteristics of dry matter accumulation, grain yield and its components in wheat, and the changes of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and leaf chlorophyll measured by soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) meter value in flag leaves, and the soluble sugar content, sucrose content and sucrase activity in flag leaves and grains after anthesis under the different treatments. It was found that, under the same phosphorus application rate, compared with S0 treatment, the SPAD value and Pn, the contents of soluble sugar and sucrose, and the activities of sucrose synthetase and sucrose phosphate synthetase in flag leaves and grains were all significantly increased in the S1 treatment. Finally, the dry matter accumulation and grain yield were, respectively, increased by 9.25%-14.60% and 2.17%-6.31%. Under the same straw return, with increase in phosphorus application rate, the SPAD value, Pn of flag leaves, the contents of soluble sugar and sucrose and the activities of sucrose synthetase and sucrose phosphate synthetase in flag leaves and grain, and dry matter accumulation showed a trend of initial increase and then decrease. Considering the interaction of straw return and P fertilizer application rate, the S1P3 combination had the best performance for SPAD value, Pn, the contents of soluble sugar and sucrose and the activities of sucrose synthetase and sucrose phosphate synthetase in flag leaves and grain, and thus resulted in the highest grain yield, which was 35.70% greater than that in S0P0. Therefore, the S1P3 treatment with full straw return in combination with a P fertilizer application rate of 150 kg·ha-1 was the most suitable planting configuration under the present experimental conditions and should be promoted as optimal in rainfed wheat production in western Henan province.

Key words: dryland wheat, straw returning, phosphate fertilizer, sucrase activity