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草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10): 107-119.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024353

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

肥料、保水剂和播种量互作对燕麦综合生产性能的影响

马文艳1,2(), 李杰东1,2, 周镇磊1,2, 曹东2, 刘宝龙2, 张怀刚2, 王东霞1()   

  1. 1.青海大学农牧学院,青海 西宁 810016
    2.中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海 西宁 810008
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-23 修回日期:2025-01-09 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-07-11
  • 通讯作者: 王东霞
  • 作者简介:E-mail: wangdx@qhu.edu.cn
    马文艳(2000-),女,青海互助人,在读硕士。E-mail: mawy4729@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA26040101)

Effects of interactions among fertilizer, water retention agent, and seeding rate on the yield production performance of oat (Avena sativa

Wen-yan MA1,2(), Jie-dong LI1,2, Zhen-lei ZHOU1,2, Dong CAO2, Bao-long LIU2, Huai-gang ZHANG2, Dong-xia WANG1()   

  1. 1.College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
    2.Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China
  • Received:2024-09-23 Revised:2025-01-09 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-07-11
  • Contact: Dong-xia WANG

摘要:

为揭示肥料、保水剂和播种量互作对呼伦贝尔地区燕麦综合生产性能的影响,本试验以‘青海444’为对象,采用正交试验设计,对不同处理组合下燕麦农艺性状、单株生物量、草产量及营养品质相关指标进行了观测和分析。结果表明:A3(N:89.00 kg·hm-2,P:41.00 kg·hm-2)水平下单株总生物量、茎秆生物量、粗蛋白、钙、磷含量显著高于A1(N:44.00 kg·hm-2,P:83.00 kg·hm-2)和A2(N:44.00 kg·hm-2,P:41.00 kg·hm-2)水平;随着保水剂浓度的增加,燕麦的苗数、穗数、分蘖成穗率、穗下节长、株高、重心高度、倒伏率和灰分含量均呈上升趋势,单株总生物量、根系生物量和叶片生物量呈下降趋势;随着燕麦播种量的增加,燕麦的茎数、穗数、重心高度、根系生物量和中性洗涤纤维含量呈上升趋势,单株粒数、穗下节长、穗长、株高、穗位高、单株总生物量、穗部生物量和酸性洗涤纤维含量呈下降趋势;9个处理组合中A3B1C3处理的茎数、第二节长、第三节长、茎粗、茎壁厚、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙、磷含量最高,酸性洗涤纤维含量最低,A3B2C1处理的穗位高、单株总生物量、茎秆生物量和穗部生物量最高。极差分析结果显示,肥料配施对燕麦扬花期产量和品质的影响最大,其次是保水剂,播种量影响最小。通过隶属函数综合分析筛选得到A3B1C3处理,肥料配比为N2P1K1(N:89.00 kg·hm-2,P:41.00 kg·hm-2,K:41.00 kg·hm-2),保水剂为60.00 kg·hm-2,播量为157.05 kg·hm-2时燕麦的产量和品种的综合表现最好,该结果可为呼伦贝尔地区燕麦的绿色高效栽培提供理论依据和技术指导。

关键词: 燕麦, 肥料配施, 保水剂, 播种量, 农艺性状, 草产量, 营养品质

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of interactions among fertilizer, polyacrylamide water-retention agent (PAC), and seeding rate on the yield, yield components and nutritive traits of oat (Avena sativa) in the Hulunbuir region. A field experiment was conducted with an orthogonal design using the oat cultivar ‘Qinghai 444’. The experiment was an incomplete 3×3×3 factorial design with three fertilizer treatments (A1, A2, A3), three levels of PAC (B1, B2, B3), and three seeding rates (C1, C2, C3) with nine of the 27 available treatment combinations implemented. The three fertilizer treatments were: A1=N, 44.00 kg·ha?1 and P, 83.00 kg·ha?1, A2=N, 44.00 kg·ha?1 and P, 41.00 kg·ha?1 and A3=N, 89.00 kg·ha?1, P: 41.00 kg·ha?1. The three PAC treatments were 60, 75 and 90 kg·ha?1 PAC for B1, B2 and B3, respectively, and the three seeding rates were calculated to deliver 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 live seeds·ha?1 for C1, C2 and C3, respectively. Agronomic traits, individual plant biomass, forage yield, and nutritional quality indicators were analyzed for each combination of treatments. The results revealed that the total plant biomass, stem biomass, crude protein, calcium, and phosphorus content were significantly higher with the A3 level of fertilizer than with the A1 and A2 levels of fertilizer. As the concentration of PAC increased, the seedling number, spike number, tiller survival rate, sub-spike internode length, plant height, center of gravity height, lodging rate, and ash content increased, and total plant biomass, root biomass, and leaf biomass decreased. As the seeding rate increased, the stem number, spike number, center of gravity height, root biomass, and neutral detergent fiber content increased, whereas the grain number per plant, sub-spike internode length, spike length, plant height, spike position height, total plant biomass, spike biomass, and acid detergent fiber content decreased. Among the nine treatment combinations, the A3B1C3 treatment resulted in the highest stem number, second and third internode length, stem diameter, stem wall thickness, crude protein, ether extract, calcium, and phosphorus content, along with the lowest acid detergent fiber content. The A3B2C1 treatment resulted in the highest spike position, total plant biomass, stem biomass, and spike biomass. The results of a range analysis indicated that fertilizer application had the greatest impact on oat yield and quality at the flowering stage, followed by the water-retention agent, while seeding rate had the smallest effect. A multivariate evaluation using the membership function method identified the optimal combination for oat yield and quality performance as A3B1C3; i.e., a fertilizer ratio of N: 89.00 kg·ha?1, P: 41.00 kg·ha?1, K: 41.00 kg·ha?1, application of PAC at 60.00 kg·ha?1, and a seeding rate of 157.05 kg·ha?1. These findings provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for sustainable and high-efficiency oat cultivation in the Hulunbuir region.

Key words: oats (Avena sativa), fertilizer application, water retention agent, sowing quantity, agronomic traits, grass yield, nutritional quality