草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 179-190.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024365
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
杜化迎1(
), 张玉洲2(
), 赵楠2, 虎妍1, 王一冬1, 刘腾达1, 顾沛雯1, 于泽洋1(
)
收稿日期:2024-09-24
修回日期:2024-12-13
出版日期:2025-08-20
发布日期:2025-06-16
通讯作者:
于泽洋
作者简介:E-mail: yzynxu@126.com基金资助:
Hua-ying DU1(
), Yu-zhou ZHANG2(
), Nan ZHAO2, Yan HU1, Yi-dong WANG1, Teng-da LIU1, Pei-wen GU1, Ze-yang YU1(
)
Received:2024-09-24
Revised:2024-12-13
Online:2025-08-20
Published:2025-06-16
Contact:
Ze-yang YU
摘要:
为挖掘对紫花苜蓿根腐病致病菌具有抑制作用的有益菌株,本研究采用稀释分离法从白桦根围土壤中分离、获得1株真菌bai5,通过形态学和分子生物学鉴定,确定为棘孢木霉。以紫花苜蓿常见的7种根腐病病原菌(燕麦镰刀菌FAV-7、木贼镰刀菌FEQ-10、锐顶镰刀菌FAC-11、厚垣镰刀菌FCH-13、三线镰刀菌FTR-14、尖孢镰刀菌FOX-15、茄病镰刀菌FSO-16)为靶标菌,利用两点对峙法、固体稀释法、平板对扣法综合评估bai5菌株对病原菌的抑制作用,结果表明,在对峙培养下,bai5对7种病原菌的抑制率均大于69%;在发酵滤液抑菌试验中,bai5对FAC-11、FTR-14、FEQ-10、FCH-13、FAV-7和FSO-16的抑制率分别为63.14%、49.80%、40.78%、33.33%、16.08%、8.20%,而对FOX-15无抑制效果;棘孢木霉bai5的挥发性物质对FTR-14和FAC-11的抑制率分别高达74.51%、72.00%。通过对bai5菌株的生物学特性和促生特性分析,结果表明,棘孢木霉bai5生长速度快,不仅有较强的抗逆能力,还具有固氮和产纤维素酶能力。通过盆栽试验,测定棘孢木霉bai5对紫花苜蓿生长和生理指标的影响,结果表明,bai5能够显著提高紫花苜蓿的鲜重、地上部长、干重、叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量。综上,棘孢木霉bai5是具有较高开发价值的生防真菌,可以抑制7种苜蓿根腐病菌生长并显著促进苜蓿生长。
杜化迎, 张玉洲, 赵楠, 虎妍, 王一冬, 刘腾达, 顾沛雯, 于泽洋. 棘孢木霉bai5对紫花苜蓿根腐病病原菌的抑菌效果及其促生作用研究[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(8): 179-190.
Hua-ying DU, Yu-zhou ZHANG, Nan ZHAO, Yan HU, Yi-dong WANG, Teng-da LIU, Pei-wen GU, Ze-yang YU. Trichoderma asperellum bai5 inhibits root rot pathogens of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and promotes alfalfa plant growth[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(8): 179-190.
图1 bai5菌株在PDA培养基上的形态学特征A, B: PDA培养基上bai5菌株菌落的正面和背面形态The frontal and abaxial morphology of bai5 strain colonies on PDA medium; C, D: bai5菌株的孢子簇和分生孢子梗The spore clusters and conidiophores of bai5 strain; E, F: bai5菌株的菌丝和分生孢子The mycelium and conidia of bai5 strain.
Fig.1 Morphological characteristics of bai5 strain on PDA medium
图2 基于ITS和tef 1-α序列联合构建bai5菌株及相关近缘种的系统发育树
Fig.2 Phylogenetic tree of strain bai5 and related relatives based on the joint construction of ITS and tef 1-α sequences
图3 棘孢木霉bai5菌丝对7种镰刀菌的抑制效果A~C: 棘孢木霉bai5和7种镰刀菌对峙培养, 其中A为对照,B、C分别为共生长的正面和背面Confrontation cultures of T. asperellum bai5 and seven Fusarium species, where A is the control and B, C are the front and back of the co-growth, respectively; 不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),下同 Different lowercase letters indicate the significant differences (P<0.05), the same below.
Fig.3 Inhibition effect of the mycelium of T. asperellum bai5 on seven species of Fusarium spp.
图7 棘孢木霉bai5的生长速率和抗逆性能A: 棘孢木霉bai5 72 h生长速率Growth rate of T. asperellum bai5 at 72 hours; B1~B9: 分别为棘孢木霉bai5在4、2、1、3/4、1/2、1/4、1/8、1/16、0倍营养的PDA培养基上生长40 h的菌落40 hours growth of colonies of T. asperellum bai5 on 4, 2, 1, 3/4, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, and 0 nutrient PDA medium, respectively; C1~C5: 分别为棘孢木霉bai5在2%、4%、6%、8%和10% NaCl培养基上生长40 h的菌落Colonies of T. asperellum bai5 grown for 40 hours on 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% NaCl medium, respectively; D1~D5: 分别为棘孢木霉bai5在0.1%、0.4%、0.7%、1.0%和1.3%的NaHCO3培养基上生长40 h的菌落40 hours growth of colonies of T. asperellum bai5 on 0.1%, 0.4%, 0.7%, 1.0% and 1.3% NaHCO3 medium, respectively.
Fig.7 Growth rate and resistance properties of T. asperellum bai5
图8 棘孢木霉bai5对紫花苜蓿的促生作用A: 产IAA能力Indole acetic acid (IAA) production capacity; B: 溶钾能力Potassium solubilisation capacity; C: 溶磷能力Phosphorus solubilisation capacity; D: 产铁载体能力Iron carrier production capacity; E: 产纤维素酶能力Cellulase production capacity; F: 固氮能力Nitrogen fixation capacity; G: 产蛋白酶能力Protease-producing capacity.
Fig.8 Growth-promoting function of T. asperellum bai5 on alfalfa
图9 棘孢木霉bai5对紫花苜蓿的促生效果a: 棘孢木霉bai5处理T. asperellum bai5 treatment; b: 无菌水对照Sterile water control.
Fig.9 Growth-promoting effect of T. asperellum bai5 on alfalfa
| 处理Treatment | FW (g·plant-1) | RL (cm) | LAP (cm) | NB | GR (%) | DW (g·plant-1) | CC (mg·g-1) | SSC (mg·g-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 0.25±0.03 | 9.87±0.91 | 5.30±0.44 | 17.67±1.15 | 66.67±6.01 | 0.030±0.005 | 95.79±2.22 | 0.65±0.08 |
棘孢木霉bai5 T. asperellum bai5 | 0.32±0.03* | 11.17±2.08 | 6.83±1.04* | 17.67±2.31 | 68.89±8.22 | 0.050±0.004* | 126.93±6.59* | 0.85±0.06* |
表1 棘孢木霉bai5对紫花苜蓿的促生效果
Table 1 Growth-promoting effect of T. asperellum bai5 on alfalfa
| 处理Treatment | FW (g·plant-1) | RL (cm) | LAP (cm) | NB | GR (%) | DW (g·plant-1) | CC (mg·g-1) | SSC (mg·g-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 对照Control | 0.25±0.03 | 9.87±0.91 | 5.30±0.44 | 17.67±1.15 | 66.67±6.01 | 0.030±0.005 | 95.79±2.22 | 0.65±0.08 |
棘孢木霉bai5 T. asperellum bai5 | 0.32±0.03* | 11.17±2.08 | 6.83±1.04* | 17.67±2.31 | 68.89±8.22 | 0.050±0.004* | 126.93±6.59* | 0.85±0.06* |
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