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草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (11): 17-30.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024523

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同围封年限对高寒草地植物群落的影响

贺聪1(), 马永才2, 字洪标1()   

  1. 1.兰州大学草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃 兰州 730020
    2.甘南州畜牧综合实验场,甘肃 甘南 747000
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-30 修回日期:2025-03-03 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 字洪标
  • 作者简介:E-mail: zihb@lzu.edu.cn
    贺聪(1997-),男,甘肃庆阳人,在读博士。E-mail: hec2023@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32401497);甘肃科技重大专项(23ZDNA009);兰州大学“双一流”人才引进科研启动经费(561120230)

Effects of the duration of grazing exclusion on plant communities in alpine grassland

Cong HE1(), Yong-cai MA2, Hong-biao ZI1()   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China
    2.Gannan Prefecture Animal Husbandry Comprehensive Experimental Field,Gannan 747000,China
  • Received:2024-12-30 Revised:2025-03-03 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-10-09
  • Contact: Hong-biao ZI

摘要:

大型食草动物强烈影响着各种生境下的植物群落和生态系统过程。利用围栏模拟大型食草动物丧失的情形,采用“空间代替时间”的方法研究了青海海北不同围封年限(0、3、5、8、10年)下的高寒草地植物群落结构、地上净初级生产力、多样性以及生产力-多样性关系。研究结果表明:1)围封显著改变了高寒草地的植物群落结构。随着围封年限的增加,禾草在群落中的占比越来越大,而其他功能群(豆科、莎草、杂类草)在群落中的占比逐渐降低,并且群落内部的异质性逐渐增大。2)植物群落的地上净初级生产力随围封年限的增加呈先下降后上升的趋势,而枯落物质量呈与之相反的趋势。此外,围封整体上降低了植物群落的物种多样性、功能多样性与系统发育多样性。3)地上净初级生产力与Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson优势度指数、Rao二次熵指数和平均最近类群距离之间具有显著负相关性,而与其他多样性指数无显著相关性。由此可见,大型食草动物丧失将对草地生态系统产生严重影响,尤其对健康状态良好的草地来说。因此,围栏等禁牧措施要根据草地的实际情况谨慎制定。

关键词: 高寒草地, 围栏封育, 食草动物, 多样性, 生产力

Abstract:

Large herbivores strongly influence plant communities and ecosystem processes in a variety of habitats. In this study, fencing was used to simulate the loss of large herbivores, and the “space-for-time substitutions” method was adopted to study the structure, aboveground net primary productivity, diversity and productivity-diversity relationships of alpine grassland plant communities after exclusion of grazers for different durations (0, 3, 5, 8, 10 years) in Haibei, Qinghai. The results show that: 1) Grazing exclusion significantly changed the plant community structure of alpine grassland. With longer periods of grazing exclusion, the proportion of grasses in the community gradually increased, while the proportions of other functional groups (legumes, sedges, and forbs) gradually decreased, and internal heterogeneity within the communities gradually increased. 2) The aboveground net primary productivity of the plant communities initially decreased and then increased as the duration of grazing exclusion extended, while litter mass showed the opposite trend. Grazing exclusion generally reduced species diversity, functional diversity, and phylogenetic diversity. 3) There was a significant negative correlation between aboveground net primary productivity and Pielou’s evenness index, Simpson’s dominance index, Rao’s quadratic entropy index, and mean nearest taxon distance, but no significant correlations with other diversity indices. These results indicate that the loss of large herbivores will significantly impact grassland ecosystems, particularly those in good health. Therefore, grazing exclusion should be carefully formulated based on the actual situation of grasslands.

Key words: alpine grassland, grazing exclusion, herbivores, diversity, productivity