草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 95-106.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024317
孔天赐1(
), 马学青1, 贺晨帮2, 樊泰延1, 芦光新1, 祁鹤兴1(
)
收稿日期:2024-08-09
修回日期:2024-10-08
出版日期:2025-07-20
发布日期:2025-05-12
通讯作者:
祁鹤兴
作者简介:E-mail: qhx390495559@126.com基金资助:
Tian-ci KONG1(
), Xue-qing MA1, Chen-bang HE2, Tai-yan FAN1, Guang-xin LU1, He-xing QI1(
)
Received:2024-08-09
Revised:2024-10-08
Online:2025-07-20
Published:2025-05-12
Contact:
He-xing QI
摘要:
为探究青贮玉米真菌性病害对青贮发酵微生物多样性的影响,以CK(未发生任何病害的青贮玉米)、YLG(发生链格孢叶斑病青贮玉米)、YM(发生麦根腐平脐蠕孢叶斑病青贮玉米)、YL(发生瘤黑粉病青贮玉米)、YX(发生锈病青贮玉米)为研究对象,每个处理3个重复。青贮发酵40 d后,采用Illumina扩增子测序技术分析各样品微生物多样性。分析发现各青贮玉米样品微生物结构由6门、50目、164属真菌和11门、43目、123属细菌组成。真菌群落中子囊菌门和担子菌门是各样品优势菌门,在各样本中的总丰度达90%以上;镰刀菌属和念珠菌属丰度在发生病害组高于未发生病害组,青霉菌属和曲霉菌属丰度在发生麦根腐平脐蠕孢叶斑病和锈病组高于未发生病害组,发生病害的青贮玉米中威克汉姆酵母属丰度均低于健康组。细菌群落中厚壁菌门和变形菌门是各样品优势菌门,在各样本中的总丰度达99%以上;未发生病害组中肠球菌属、魏斯氏菌属丰度均高于发生病害组;链球菌属仅出现在未发生病害组中,相对丰度为0.003%。本研究明确了不同病害玉米青贮样本中微生物群落结构及各优势菌属,并发现真菌性病害会导致致病菌丰度增加,使得肠球菌属、魏斯氏菌属、链球菌属丰度降低,破坏青贮发酵环境,影响发酵过程正常进行,从而可能导致青贮饲料品质下降,为后续青贮玉米品质研究提供了理论依据。
孔天赐, 马学青, 贺晨帮, 樊泰延, 芦光新, 祁鹤兴. 青贮玉米真菌性病害对青贮发酵微生物多样性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(7): 95-106.
Tian-ci KONG, Xue-qing MA, Chen-bang HE, Tai-yan FAN, Guang-xin LU, He-xing QI. Effects of fungal diseases of silage maize on microbial diversity of silage fermentation[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(7): 95-106.
图1 不同发病青贮玉米处理样品真菌和细菌韦恩图a: 真菌Fungi; b: 细菌Bacteria. CK、YLG、YM、YL和YX分别代表未发生任何病害的青贮玉米、发生链格孢叶斑病青贮玉米、发生麦根腐平脐蠕孢叶斑病青贮玉米、发生瘤黑粉病青贮玉米和发生锈病青贮玉米。下同。CK, YLG, YM, YL and YX respectively represent maize silage without any disease, Alternaria leaf spot disease of silage maize, B. sorokiniana leaf spot disease of silage maize, U. maydis silage maize, and rust silage maize. The same below.
Fig.1 The Venn diagram of fungi and bacteria in different diseased silage maize
处理 Treatment | 覆盖率 Coverage | 序列指数 Sequence index | ACE指数 ACE index | Chao1指数 Chao1 index | 香农指数 Shannon index | 辛普森指数 Simpson index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 0.9999ab | 69587c | 76.6465a | 76.9000a | 1.1931b | 0.5950a |
| YLG | 0.9998c | 78248a | 75.7685a | 73.7417a | 0.7702b | 0.6046a |
| YL | 0.9999b | 74877ab | 75.3835a | 73.8287a | 1.0058b | 0.5712a |
| YM | 0.9999ab | 73034bc | 84.9548a | 84.6667a | 2.5355a | 0.1519b |
| YX | 1.0000a | 72049bc | 93.4416a | 93.1111a | 2.8101a | 0.1267b |
表1 不同样品真菌多样性指数
Table 1 Fungal diversity index of different samples
处理 Treatment | 覆盖率 Coverage | 序列指数 Sequence index | ACE指数 ACE index | Chao1指数 Chao1 index | 香农指数 Shannon index | 辛普森指数 Simpson index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 0.9999ab | 69587c | 76.6465a | 76.9000a | 1.1931b | 0.5950a |
| YLG | 0.9998c | 78248a | 75.7685a | 73.7417a | 0.7702b | 0.6046a |
| YL | 0.9999b | 74877ab | 75.3835a | 73.8287a | 1.0058b | 0.5712a |
| YM | 0.9999ab | 73034bc | 84.9548a | 84.6667a | 2.5355a | 0.1519b |
| YX | 1.0000a | 72049bc | 93.4416a | 93.1111a | 2.8101a | 0.1267b |
处理 Treatment | 覆盖率 Coverage | 序列指数 Sequence index | ACE指数 ACE index | Chao1指数 Chao1 index | 香农指数 Shannon index | 辛普森指数 Simpson index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 0.9998a | 63961a | 56.9626b | 54.8030b | 0.6553ab | 0.7405a |
| YLG | 0.9996b | 64736a | 118.3162a | 113.3268a | 0.9392a | 0.5585b |
| YL | 0.9996b | 67705a | 101.0006a | 94.7643a | 0.4791ab | 0.8107a |
| YM | 0.9998a | 63455a | 56.4746b | 52.3095b | 0.4166b | 0.8225a |
| YX | 0.9998a | 66425a | 57.5407b | 52.5902b | 0.4767b | 0.7690a |
表2 不同样品细菌多样性指数
Table 2 Bacterial diversity index of different samples
处理 Treatment | 覆盖率 Coverage | 序列指数 Sequence index | ACE指数 ACE index | Chao1指数 Chao1 index | 香农指数 Shannon index | 辛普森指数 Simpson index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 0.9998a | 63961a | 56.9626b | 54.8030b | 0.6553ab | 0.7405a |
| YLG | 0.9996b | 64736a | 118.3162a | 113.3268a | 0.9392a | 0.5585b |
| YL | 0.9996b | 67705a | 101.0006a | 94.7643a | 0.4791ab | 0.8107a |
| YM | 0.9998a | 63455a | 56.4746b | 52.3095b | 0.4166b | 0.8225a |
| YX | 0.9998a | 66425a | 57.5407b | 52.5902b | 0.4767b | 0.7690a |
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