草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 164-174.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024241
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
陈鑫珠1(
), 林平冬1(
), 岳稳1, 杨雅妮1,2, 邱水玲1,2, 郑向丽3
收稿日期:2024-04-30
修回日期:2024-07-29
出版日期:2025-04-20
发布日期:2025-02-19
作者简介:陈鑫珠(1985-),女,福建龙岩人,副研究员,博士。E-mail: 010622051@163.com基金资助:
Xin-zhu CHEN1(
), Ping-dong LIN1(
), Wen YUE1, Ya-ni YANG1,2, Shui-ling QIU1,2, Xiang-li ZHENG3
Received:2024-04-30
Revised:2024-07-29
Online:2025-04-20
Published:2025-02-19
摘要:
为研究不同添加剂对蚕豆秸秆青贮品质和微生物多样性的影响,设3%蔗糖(T1组)、乳酸菌(T2组)、乳酸菌+3%蔗糖(T3组)、乳酸菌+0.2%柠檬酸(T4组)、0.2%柠檬酸(T5组)、0.03% NaCl(T6组)、0.1%维生素C(T7组)7个添加剂处理组和无添加剂对照组(CK组),每个处理3个重复。青贮30 d后开封取样,进行青贮料的感官质量、青贮品质及微生物多样性分析。结果表明,1)在感官质量上,7个添加剂处理组均为1级,优于CK组;2)在青贮品质上,与对照组相比,T1组的乙酸(AA)含量显著提高(P<0.05);T2组乳酸(LA)含量显著提高,pH值显著降低(P<0.05);T3组可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)、LA和AA含量显著提高(P<0.05),酸性洗涤纤维含量和pH值显著降低(P<0.05);T4组WSC和LA含量显著提高(P<0.05),pH值和氨态氮含量显著降低(P<0.05);T5和T7组的LA和AA含量均显著提高(P<0.05),粗蛋白(CP)含量显著降低(P<0.05);T6组WSC、LA和AA含量显著提高(P<0.05),CP含量显著降低(P<0.05);3)在微生物多样性上,各组在属水平上的优势菌群均为肠杆菌属(占比19.3%~41.3%)和乳植杆菌属(占比12.0%~40.0%);与对照组相比,T3、T5、T7组的乳植杆菌属、片球菌属和魏斯氏菌属相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),其中T3组的Alpha多样性和Beta多样性差异显著(P<0.05)。由此可见,添加剂处理能够改善蚕豆秸秆青贮料的感官和青贮品质,调整青贮发酵微生物群落结构,其中乳酸菌联合3%蔗糖处理的青贮发酵效果最佳。
陈鑫珠, 林平冬, 岳稳, 杨雅妮, 邱水玲, 郑向丽. 不同添加剂对蚕豆秸秆青贮品质及微生物多样性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(4): 164-174.
Xin-zhu CHEN, Ping-dong LIN, Wen YUE, Ya-ni YANG, Shui-ling QIU, Xiang-li ZHENG. Effects of various additives on the quality and microbial diversity of broad bean straw silage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(4): 164-174.
组别 Group | 色泽Color | 气味Smell | 结构Texture | 综合评价Comprehensive evaluation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
描述 Description | 得分 Score | 描述 Description | 得分 Score | 描述 Description | 得分 Score | 总分 Total score | 等级 Grade | |
| CK | 黄绿色Yellow-green | 1 | 酸味稍刺鼻SHAS | 10 | 叶子结构保持较差PMLS | 2 | 13 | 2 |
| T1 | 黄绿色Yellow-green | 1 | 酸香味CAS | 14 | 茎叶结构保持良好GSLS | 4 | 19 | 1 |
| T2 | 绿色Green | 2 | 酸香味CAS | 14 | 茎叶结构保持良好GSLS | 4 | 20 | 1 |
| T3 | 绿色Green | 2 | 酸香味CAS | 14 | 茎叶结构保持良好GSLS | 4 | 20 | 1 |
| T4 | 绿色Green | 2 | 酸香味CAS | 14 | 茎叶结构保持良好GSLS | 4 | 20 | 1 |
| T5 | 绿色Green | 2 | 酸香味CAS | 14 | 茎叶结构保持良好GSLS | 4 | 20 | 1 |
| T6 | 黄绿色Yellow-green | 1 | 酸香味CAS | 14 | 茎叶结构保持良好GSLS | 4 | 19 | 1 |
| T7 | 绿色Green | 2 | 酸香味CAS | 14 | 叶子结构保持较差PMLS | 2 | 18 | 1 |
表1 各组青贮料的感官质量评价
Table 1 Sensory quality evaluation of silage in various groups
组别 Group | 色泽Color | 气味Smell | 结构Texture | 综合评价Comprehensive evaluation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
描述 Description | 得分 Score | 描述 Description | 得分 Score | 描述 Description | 得分 Score | 总分 Total score | 等级 Grade | |
| CK | 黄绿色Yellow-green | 1 | 酸味稍刺鼻SHAS | 10 | 叶子结构保持较差PMLS | 2 | 13 | 2 |
| T1 | 黄绿色Yellow-green | 1 | 酸香味CAS | 14 | 茎叶结构保持良好GSLS | 4 | 19 | 1 |
| T2 | 绿色Green | 2 | 酸香味CAS | 14 | 茎叶结构保持良好GSLS | 4 | 20 | 1 |
| T3 | 绿色Green | 2 | 酸香味CAS | 14 | 茎叶结构保持良好GSLS | 4 | 20 | 1 |
| T4 | 绿色Green | 2 | 酸香味CAS | 14 | 茎叶结构保持良好GSLS | 4 | 20 | 1 |
| T5 | 绿色Green | 2 | 酸香味CAS | 14 | 茎叶结构保持良好GSLS | 4 | 20 | 1 |
| T6 | 黄绿色Yellow-green | 1 | 酸香味CAS | 14 | 茎叶结构保持良好GSLS | 4 | 19 | 1 |
| T7 | 绿色Green | 2 | 酸香味CAS | 14 | 叶子结构保持较差PMLS | 2 | 18 | 1 |
组别 Group | 干物质 DM (%FM) | 粗蛋白 CP (%DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%DM) | 半纤维素 HC (%DM) | 可溶性碳水化合物 WSC (g·kg-1DM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 29.85±0.79a | 9.70±0.15a | 36.23±1.48a | 12.83±0.81a | 23.40±0.85a | 6.49±0.28cd |
| T1 | 30.66±0.53a | 9.08±0.35abc | 34.42±0.84a | 12.44±0.33a | 21.98±0.68a | 6.46±0.19cd |
| T2 | 29.30±5.48a | 9.53±0.32ab | 35.64±0.94a | 12.67±0.20a | 22.97±0.96a | 7.13±0.38bc |
| T3 | 31.80±1.16a | 9.34±0.42abc | 34.55±1.09a | 9.74±2.99b | 24.82±4.07a | 7.99±0.46a |
| T4 | 30.71±0.35a | 9.55±0.18ab | 34.70±2.92a | 11.78±1.34ab | 22.92±1.70a | 7.26±0.69b |
| T5 | 27.90±0.59a | 9.03±0.45bc | 35.17±1.29a | 12.81±0.46a | 22.37±0.82a | 6.31±0.23d |
| T6 | 30.31±0.98a | 8.75±0.04c | 35.84±0.69a | 13.05±0.10a | 22.79±0.63a | 7.39±0.22ab |
| T7 | 29.50±0.55a | 8.81±0.47c | 36.60±0.69a | 13.17±0.24a | 23.42±0.54a | 6.26±0.42d |
表2 各组青贮料的营养成分
Table 2 Nutrient composition of silage in various groups
组别 Group | 干物质 DM (%FM) | 粗蛋白 CP (%DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%DM) | 半纤维素 HC (%DM) | 可溶性碳水化合物 WSC (g·kg-1DM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 29.85±0.79a | 9.70±0.15a | 36.23±1.48a | 12.83±0.81a | 23.40±0.85a | 6.49±0.28cd |
| T1 | 30.66±0.53a | 9.08±0.35abc | 34.42±0.84a | 12.44±0.33a | 21.98±0.68a | 6.46±0.19cd |
| T2 | 29.30±5.48a | 9.53±0.32ab | 35.64±0.94a | 12.67±0.20a | 22.97±0.96a | 7.13±0.38bc |
| T3 | 31.80±1.16a | 9.34±0.42abc | 34.55±1.09a | 9.74±2.99b | 24.82±4.07a | 7.99±0.46a |
| T4 | 30.71±0.35a | 9.55±0.18ab | 34.70±2.92a | 11.78±1.34ab | 22.92±1.70a | 7.26±0.69b |
| T5 | 27.90±0.59a | 9.03±0.45bc | 35.17±1.29a | 12.81±0.46a | 22.37±0.82a | 6.31±0.23d |
| T6 | 30.31±0.98a | 8.75±0.04c | 35.84±0.69a | 13.05±0.10a | 22.79±0.63a | 7.39±0.22ab |
| T7 | 29.50±0.55a | 8.81±0.47c | 36.60±0.69a | 13.17±0.24a | 23.42±0.54a | 6.26±0.42d |
| 组别Group | pH | 乳酸LA (g·kg-1DM) | 乙酸AA (g·kg-1DM) | 丙酸PA (%DM) | 丁酸BA (%DM) | 氨态氮NH3-N (g·kg-1DM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 4.57±0.06a | 34.65±6.46d | 0.17±0.05e | 0.31±0.11a | 0.12±0.00b | 0.17±0.01a |
| T1 | 4.57±0.06a | 37.99±6.26cd | 0.41±0.09a | 0.31±0.08a | 0.16±0.06ab | 0.15±0.01a |
| T2 | 4.43±0.06bc | 52.15±0.54ab | 0.18±0.03de | 0.34±0.07a | 0.16±0.06ab | 0.15±0.03a |
| T3 | 4.37±0.06c | 55.71±5.89a | 0.25±0.03cd | 0.37±0.04a | 0.09±0.02b | 0.13±0.01ab |
| T4 | 4.40±0.00c | 45.46±5.86bc | 0.20±0.03cde | 0.32±0.05a | 0.09±0.01b | 0.08±0.03b |
| T5 | 4.50±0.00ab | 48.26±3.69ab | 0.34±0.02ab | 0.33±0.10a | 0.18±0.04ab | 0.15±0.03a |
| T6 | 4.53±0.06a | 49.61±0.62ab | 0.25±0.03cd | 0.41±0.01a | 0.18±0.04ab | 0.16±0.07a |
| T7 | 4.50±0.00ab | 47.04±0.94b | 0.27±0.01bc | 0.27±0.11a | 0.18±0.03a | 0.17±0.00a |
表3 各组青贮料的发酵品质
Table 3 Fermentation quality of silage in various groups
| 组别Group | pH | 乳酸LA (g·kg-1DM) | 乙酸AA (g·kg-1DM) | 丙酸PA (%DM) | 丁酸BA (%DM) | 氨态氮NH3-N (g·kg-1DM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 4.57±0.06a | 34.65±6.46d | 0.17±0.05e | 0.31±0.11a | 0.12±0.00b | 0.17±0.01a |
| T1 | 4.57±0.06a | 37.99±6.26cd | 0.41±0.09a | 0.31±0.08a | 0.16±0.06ab | 0.15±0.01a |
| T2 | 4.43±0.06bc | 52.15±0.54ab | 0.18±0.03de | 0.34±0.07a | 0.16±0.06ab | 0.15±0.03a |
| T3 | 4.37±0.06c | 55.71±5.89a | 0.25±0.03cd | 0.37±0.04a | 0.09±0.02b | 0.13±0.01ab |
| T4 | 4.40±0.00c | 45.46±5.86bc | 0.20±0.03cde | 0.32±0.05a | 0.09±0.01b | 0.08±0.03b |
| T5 | 4.50±0.00ab | 48.26±3.69ab | 0.34±0.02ab | 0.33±0.10a | 0.18±0.04ab | 0.15±0.03a |
| T6 | 4.53±0.06a | 49.61±0.62ab | 0.25±0.03cd | 0.41±0.01a | 0.18±0.04ab | 0.16±0.07a |
| T7 | 4.50±0.00ab | 47.04±0.94b | 0.27±0.01bc | 0.27±0.11a | 0.18±0.03a | 0.17±0.00a |
图1 蚕豆秸秆青贮菌群属水平(A)和种水平(B)上的物种相对丰度(前10)
Fig.1 Species relative abundance of microbial communities at genus level (A) and species level (B) in broad bean straw silage (top 10)
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