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草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 212-224.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025205

• 综合评述 • 上一篇    

放牧对植物根瘤共生固氮影响的研究进展

闫蒙1(), 高英志1,2()   

  1. 1.新疆农业大学草业学院,西部干旱荒漠区草地资源与生态教育部重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
    2.东北师范大学草地科学研究所,植被生态科学教育部重点实验室,吉林松嫩草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,国家环境保护湿地生态与植被恢复重点实验室,吉林 长春 130024
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-21 修回日期:2025-07-07 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-03-11
  • 通讯作者: 高英志
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: gaoyz108@nenu.edu.cn
    闫蒙(1997-),男,内蒙古呼和浩特人,在读博士。E-mail: ymeng324@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2025YFE0103800);国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目(W2412123);国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目(32271579);新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项(2023E01008);新疆农业大学研究生校级科研创新计划项目(XJAUGRI2025002)

Progress in research on the impact of grazing on symbiotic nitrogen fixation of plant root nodules

Meng YAN1(), Ying-zhi GAO1,2()   

  1. 1.College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Western Arid Desert Area of the Ministry of Education,Urumqi 830052,China
    2.Institute of Grassland Science,Northeast Normal University,Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education,Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration,Changchun 130024,China
  • Received:2025-05-21 Revised:2025-07-07 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-03-11
  • Contact: Ying-zhi GAO

摘要:

植物根瘤共生固氮对维持草地氮循环平衡和生态系统稳定至关重要。放牧作为常见的草地利用方式,对植物根瘤共生固氮有着复杂且深远的影响。本研究全面梳理放牧对植物根瘤共生固氮的影响机制,发现其主要通过生物和非生物因子多维度影响固氮过程。生物因素主要通过食草动物的啃食、践踏以及小型无脊椎动物的活动,改变了植物群落结构、微生物栖息地与土壤微生态,进而促进或抑制根瘤的共生固氮过程。放牧改变非生物因子如土壤温湿度、酸碱度、土壤养分等,重塑根瘤与植物共生的外部环境,进而影响共生固氮过程。大多数研究表明适度放牧可促进根瘤的形成与固氮效率的提升,过度放牧则导致根瘤的结构功能受损、固氮效能降低。本研究从植物根瘤共生固氮的全新视角,解析了放牧对其影响的机理,结果能为草地放牧科学管理提供理论依据,助力优化放牧策略,实现草地资源的可持续利用。

关键词: 放牧, 植物根瘤, 共生固氮, 固氮效率, 放牧管理

Abstract:

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) mediated by root nodules is crucial for maintaining the balance of the nitrogen cycle and ecosystem stability in grasslands. As a common grassland management practice, grazing exerts complex and profound effects on plant nodulation and SNF. This review comprehensively summarizes the mechanisms by which grazing influences SNF. Grazing modulates the SNF process multidimensionally via both biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors, including herbivore foraging, trampling, and activities of small invertebrates, alter plant community structure, microbial habitats, and soil microecology, thereby either enhancing or suppressing nodulation and SNF. Simultaneously, grazing modifies abiotic factors such as soil temperature, moisture, pH, and soil nutrients, reshaping the external environment for rhizobia-plant symbioses and consequently influencing the SNF process. Most studies indicate that moderate grazing can promote nodule formation and improve nitrogen-fixation efficiency, whereas overgrazing often damages nodule structure and function, leading to reduced SNF performance. By examining the impact of grazing on SNF from the novel perspective of root nodule-mediated SNF, this review provides mechanistic insights that can inform scientific grazing management strategies. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for optimizing grazing practices to support sustainable grassland resource utilization.

Key words: grazing, plant root nodules, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, nitrogen fixation efficiency, grazing management