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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 105-118.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023317

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

暖季补饲矿物质盐砖对放牧牦牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵、血液和被毛矿物质含量的影响

杨得玉(), 黄文植, 冯宇哲, 薛斌, 张晓卫, 崔占鸿()   

  1. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,农业农村部青藏高原放牧牦牛藏羊动物营养与饲草料重点实验室,青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-01 修回日期:2023-10-30 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-04-08
  • 通讯作者: 崔占鸿
  • 作者简介:E-mail: cuizhanhong@126.com
    杨得玉(1992-),女,青海西宁人,硕士。E-mail: 651577595@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2023ZY017)

Effects of mineral salt brick supplementation in the warm season on growth performance, rumen fermentation, blood, and hair mineral content of grazing yaks

De-yu YANG(), Wen-zhi HUANG, Yu-zhe FENG, Bin XUE, Xiao-wei ZHANG, Zhan-hong CUI()   

  1. Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences in Qinghai University,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Forage-Feed of Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province,Xining 810016,China
  • Received:2023-09-01 Revised:2023-10-30 Online:2024-07-20 Published:2024-04-08
  • Contact: Zhan-hong CUI

摘要:

为探讨放牧条件下补饲矿物质盐砖对牦牛生产力的影响,选取12头2.5岁体重接近[(139±6) kg]的健康公牦牛,随机等分为2组,每组6个重复,开展了全放牧组(CG组)和放牧+补饲矿物质盐砖组(SG组)2个控制性放牧试验,研究了暖季补饲矿物质盐砖对放牧牦牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵、血液及被毛矿物质含量的影响。结果表明: CG组牦牛总增重为20.75 kg,平均日增重为244 g·d-1;SG组牦牛总增重为39.45 kg,平均日增重为464 g·d-1,较CG组提高90.12%。SG组牦牛对牧草的干物质消化率(DMD)显著高于CG组(P<0.05),试验第30和90天SG组对牧草粗蛋白消化率(CPD)和中性洗涤纤维消化率(NDFD)显著高于CG组(P<0.05),试验第30和60天SG组对牧草酸性洗涤纤维消化率(ADFD)显著高于CG组(P<0.05)。SG组牦牛瘤胃丁酸、异戊酸和总挥发性脂肪酸以及NH3-N的产量显著高于CG组(P<0.05),试验第30天CG和SG组的pH差异不显著(P>0.05),试验第60和90天SG组的pH显著低于CG组(P<0.05)。试验第30天CG组牦牛血清中Ca、P、Mg、K、Fe含量与SG组差异不显著(P>0.05),CG组Na、Co含量显著高于SG组(P<0.05),SG组血清Cu、Zn、Mn含量显著高于CG组(P<0.05);试验第60和90天CG组血清Ca、P、Na含量与SG组差异不显著(P>0.05),SG组血清Mg、K、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Co含量显著高于CG组(P<0.05)。试验第30天CG组被毛中Ca、Mg、Na、K、Mn含量与SG组差异不显著(P>0.05),CG组被毛Fe含量显著高于SG组(P<0.05),SG组被毛中Cu、Zn含量显著高于CG组(P<0.05);试验第60和90天CG组被毛中Ca、Na、K含量与SG组差异不显著(P>0.05),SG组被毛中Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn含量显著高于CG组(P<0.05)。综上,暖季补饲矿物质盐砖能提高牦牛体增重,以及对牧草的养分消化率,促进瘤胃发酵,增加矿物质元素在血液的代谢以及被毛的沉积,改善暖季放牧牦牛矿物质营养平衡状况,挖掘牦牛的生长潜力。

关键词: 矿物质盐砖, 暖季放牧牦牛, 日增重, 瘤胃发酵, 矿物质含量

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of supplementary feeding of mineral salt bricks on yak productivity under grazing conditions, two controlled grazing experiments were carried out. Twelve healthy male yaks, aged 2.5 years old with similar body weight [(139±6) kg], were randomly divided into two groups: a whole grazing group (CG Group) and a grazing group with supplementary feeding of mineral salt bricks (SG Group). Each group included six animals as replicates. The study focused on the effects of supplementary feeding of mineral salt bricks in the warm season on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, blood, and hair mineral content of grazing yaks. The total weight gain of yaks in the CG Group was 20.75 kg, with an average daily weight gain of 244 g·d-1. In contrast, the total weight gain of yaks in the SG Group was 39.45 kg, with an average daily weight gain of 464 g·d-1, which was 90.12% higher than the CG Group. The dry matter digestibility of yaks in the SG Group was significantly higher than that of the CG GroupP<0.05). In contrast, the crude protein digestibility, ether extract digestibility, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility of the SG Group were significantly lower than those of the CG Group on the 30th and 90th day of the experimentP<0.05). Similarly, the acid detergent fiber digestibility of the SG Group was also found to be significantly lower than that of the CG Group on the 30th and 60th day of the experiment (P<0.05). Furthermore, the yield of butyric acid, valeric acid, total volatile fatty acids and NH3-N in the rumen of the SG Group was significantly higher than that of the CG Group (P<0.05). On the 30th day of the experiment, there was no significant difference in rumen liquid pH between the CG Group and the SG Group (P>0.05). However, on the 60th and 90th day of the experiment the rumen liquid pH of the SG Group was significantly lower than that of the CG Group (P<0.05). The contents of Ca, P, K, Mg, and Fe in the serum of yaks in the CG Group were not significantly different from those in the SG Group on the 30th day of the experiment (P>0.05). Nevertheless, the contents of Na and Co in the CG Group were significantly higher than those in the SG Group (P<0.05). Conversely, the contents of Cu, Zn, and Mn in the serum of yaks in the SG Group were significantly higher than those in the CG Group (P<0.05). Moreover, the contents of Ca, P, and Na in the CG Group were not significantly different from those in the SG Group on the 60th and 90th day of the experiment (P>0.05). On the other hand, the contents of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Mg, K, and Co in the SG Group were significantly higher than those in the CG Group (P<0.05). The hair mineral content analysis showed that on the 30th day of the experiment, the contents of Ca, Mg, Na, K, and Mn in the hair of yaks in CG Group were not significantly different from those in the SG Group (P>0.05). Nevertheless, the contents of Fe in the hair of yaks in the CG Group were significantly higher than those in the SG Group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the contents of Cu, and Zn in the SG Group were significantly higher than those in the CG Group (P<0.05). On the 60th and 90th day of the experiment, the contents of Ca, Na, and K in the CG Group were not significantly different from those in the SG Group (P>0.05). However, the contents of Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe in the SG Group were significantly higher than those in the CG Group (P<0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of mineral salt bricks in the warm season improved the body weight gain of yaks, nutrient digestibility of yaks foraging grass, rumen fermentation of yaks, metabolism of mineral elements in blood and deposition of mineral elements in hair. Additionally, mineral salt bricks also enhanced the mineral nutrition balance for grazing yaks during the warm season to more fully realize the growth potential of yaks.

Key words: mineral salt brick, warm season growth of yaks, daily weight gain, rumen fermentation, mineral content