21世纪我国稻区种植紫云英的研究现状及展望

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017360

草业学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (8): 185-196.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2017360

21世纪我国稻区种植紫云英的研究现状及展望

谢志坚¹, 周春火^{1, *}, 贺亚琴^{2, *}, 宋涛⁵, 于洋⁴, 吴佳³

1.江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,江西南昌 330045;
2.江西农业大学经济管理学院,江西南昌 330045;
3.浙江省杭州市萧山区环境保护局,浙江杭州 311200;
4.中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司辽河分部东部HSE监测中心,辽宁盘锦 124010;
5.江西省彭泽县农业局,江西九江 332700

收稿日期:2017-09-05 修回日期:2017-11-13 出版日期:2018-08-20 发布日期:2018-08-20
通讯作者: E-mail: zchh3366@163.com, sophiaheyaqing@163.com
作者简介:谢志坚(1982-),男,江西萍乡人,讲师,博士。E-mail: hoblecat@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017FYD0200808)资助

A review of Astragalus sinicus in paddy fields in south China since 2000s

XIE Zhi-jian¹, ZHOU Chun-huo^{1, *}, HE Ya-qin^{2, *}, SONG Tao⁵, YU Yang⁴, WU Jia³

1.College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
2.School of Economics and Management, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
3.Xiaoshan Environmental Protection Bureau of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 311200, China;
4.Eastern HSE Monitoring Center of Liaohe Branch, CNPC Greatwall Drilling Company, Panjin 124010, China;
5.Bureau of Agriculture at Pengze, Jiujiang 332700, China

Received:2017-09-05 Revised:2017-11-13 Online:2018-08-20 Published:2018-08-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水稻生产对我国粮食安全至关重要,长江中下游地区是我国水稻主产区。紫云英是稻区最主要种植和利用的冬季绿肥作物,也是我国传统农业的精华。然而,随着化肥工农业不断发展,施肥结构已经由以有机肥为主转变为以化肥为主,绿肥种植面积急剧下滑。紫云英品种资源陈旧、混杂且蜕化严重,以前的相关栽培经验难以适应现代水稻生产模式、栽培管理技术和土壤环境条件等,已成为推动紫云英绿肥生产的瓶颈。本研究从紫云英高产高效种植的角度出发,主要综述了21世纪我国在紫云英新品种选育与鉴定、根瘤菌筛选、栽培管理技术、非生物逆境胁迫以及种植紫云英对稻田土壤生态和水稻生长发育与产量和稻米品质影响等方面的最新研究进展,并提出了今后的研究方向,以期为恢复发展和推广稻区紫云英等绿肥生产以及提升其综合开发利用价值提供借鉴。

关键词: 紫云英, 品种资源, 根瘤菌, 栽培管理, 非生物胁迫, 土壤生态

Abstract: The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the main areas for rice production, which is vital for food security in China. The legume Chinese milk vetch (CMV, Astragalus sinicus), which is the main winter cover crop or green manure in paddy fields, is the essence of traditional agriculture and is vital for modern agriculture and the health of the environment. However, the fertilization structure has changed from organic materials to chemicals with the development of industry and agriculture, and this has led to a sharp decrease in the availability of green manure. Old, mixed, and seriously degenerated varieties of CMV and poor cultivation and management of this species are bottlenecks for the re-development and popularization of CMV. It is difficult to cultivate CMV using modern production methods and cultivation techniques that have been developed for rice. Also, the soil environmental conditions are also not suitable for CMV production. In this study, we summarize the breeding and identification of new CMV varieties, screening of compatible rhizobia, cultivation and management techniques, the effects of abiotic stresses on CMV, and the effects of planting CMV on soil ecology, rice growth and development, and the yields and quality of rice grain. Finally, we propose some future prospects for CMV cultivation in China. This paper focuses on the development and promotion of green manure as well as its comprehensive utilization value in the paddy fields of south China.

Key words: Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus), germplasm resource, rhizobium, cultivation and management, abiotic stresses, soil ecology

谢志坚, 周春火, 贺亚琴, 宋涛, 于洋, 吴佳. 21世纪我国稻区种植紫云英的研究现状及展望[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(8): 185-196.

XIE Zhi-jian, ZHOU Chun-huo, HE Ya-qin, SONG Tao, YU Yang, WU Jia. A review of Astragalus sinicus in paddy fields in south China since 2000s[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(8): 185-196.

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21世纪我国稻区种植紫云英的研究现状及展望

A review of Astragalus sinicus in paddy fields in south China since 2000s

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